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.Net is a FRAMEWORK that offers the most unique programming guidelines to develop not only web solutions but also a range of applications. It is compatible with many programming languages such as F#, C++, VB.net, and C#.  It has a very easy to use Integrated Development Environment (IDE) where you can write your code. It also supports editing of the code, DESIGNING interface, performance analysis, debugging and server management. Apps created using .Net can be run on Windows, LINUX, and Mac OS X.

It has a huge collection of prewritten codes which are known as predefined class libraries. It’s the work of other developers that can easily be used by adding those code into your programs. .Net libraries also have pre-written codes for database connectivity, database access, encryption and security.

.Net framework is widely used by big MNCs and IT companies for its varied advantages. Some loyalists are HCL, TCS, Dell, Epic Systems, Accenture, Quicken Loans, ETC.

Started in the 2000s, ASP.net is a widely USED web application framework which runs on Windows. It allows the development of applications, dynamic website, and web services. The biggest benefit of DESIGNING websites using ASP.net is the low cost and high speed. It also ANOTHER great benefit is its vast language support. ASP.net doesn’t need to be installed or configured separately unlike other platforms since it is built into the Windows environment.

Developers are widely using the framework since it allows building websites that are much faster and dynamic. The reason is the codes are compiled rather than interpreted. This means that the code is converted into object code which can be executed repeatedly by the .Net platform. The compilation process takes little time and happens only once unlike interpretation in which the code is read and interpreted every time it is being executed.

ASP.net is WRITTEN in OOP languages, i.e., Object Oriented Programming languages, such as VB.net and C#. This is the reason it is fast, easy to use and totally reliable.

The Common Type System defines how types are DECLARED, USED, and managed in the common LANGUAGE runtime, and is also an IMPORTANT part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration.

Here we have several languages and each and every language has its own data type and 1 language data type cannot be understandable by other languages.

CTS is a specification created by Microsoft and included in the European COMPUTER Manufacturer‘s Association standard. It has certain standard features for implementing the .NET framework.

There are different types which CTS Support:

1. Value Types: It directly contains the data and instances are either allocated on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. Value types can be built-in, user-defined or enumerations types.
2. Reference Types: Value’s memory address reference are stored and are allocated on the heap. This can be any of the pointer types, interface types or self-describing types.

Operations on variables of a value type do not affect any other variable, whereas, operations on variables of a reference type can affect the same object referred to by another variable.

CLS stands for Common Language Specification as the name suggests it set of certain feature which is very helpful for library and compiler writers if any other language that supports CLS can be used FULLY in each other's language, thus we can say that CLS is a subset of the common type system.

It is actually a set of restrictions on the CTS. It not only defines the types allowed in external calls, but also the rules for USING them, depending on the goal of the user.

CLS is basically a subset of the entire set of features supported by CLR. With CLS, we can call virtual methods or can overload methods and not include things such as unsigned types.

It defines a common LEVEL of language functionality. CLR is the set of rules that a language compiler MUST follow while creating a .NET application at run in CLR. Anyone who wants to write a .NET·-compliant compiler needs simply to adhere to these rules and that's it.CLS is a set of rules through which we can exchange information over a single platform. The beauty of this is that the restriction to use features only applies to public and protected members of classes public classes. Within the private methods of your classes, any non-CLS code can be written, because the code in other assemblies cannot access this PART of your code

1. Common Language Runtime. It works as an interface between an Operating Systems and the applications which are developed using the .NET framework. The main objective of CLR is to execute the program by converting the managed code to native code. CLR 's Just In Time (JIT) compilation converts Intermediate Language (MSIL) to native code at application run time.

When .Net application is executed, then the control goes to Operating System, which creates a process to load CLR

2. CLR services

• Assembly Resolver
• Assembly Loader
• Type Checker
• COM marshaller
• DEBUG Manager
• Thread Support
• IL to Native compiler
• Exception Manager
• Garbage Collector

3. Assembly Resolve

It will send the request to the assembly loader by identifying assembly whether it is private or SHARED assembly.

4. Assembly Loader

ACCORDING to the assembly resolver instruction, the assembly loader loads the instruction into the application.

5. Type Checker

To provide the safety checker helps in verifying the types which are used in the application with CTS or CLS

6. COM marshaller

It helps in getting communicating with the COM components which supports the COM interoperability.

7. Debug Manager

Using this we can check the code by line by line according to that we can make the changes in the code without terminating the application execution.

8. Thread Support

It manages more than one execution path in the application process, this provides multithreading support.

9. IL to Native compiler

Just In Time (JIT) compiler is used to convert the IL code to native code.

10. Exception Manager

It will handle exceptions thrown by application by executing catch block provided by exception, if there is no catch block, it will terminate the application.

11. Garbage Collector

when we wanted to remove the UNWANTED resources from the code which is no longer in use can be done by the garbage collector.

Like as the database connection in the application which is no longer in use when compilation stops.

It is a platform which is developed by Microsoft for the software development. In the current scenario, the version used by the programmer is 4.7.1.

It is very effective when we want to create - Form-based and Web-based applications. Web services using the development tool, .Net framework.

It is multilingual in terms of a programming language. It uses C# or Visual Basic to develop the application, in this user can make its own choice by choosing its own language to develop the application

.Net Framework Architecture :

1. Language :

• WinForms – This is used for developing Windows Forms applications, which runs on an end user machine. Example: Notepad.
• ASP.Net – This is used for developing web applications which runs on browsers such as Internet Explorer, Chrome or Firefox
• ADO.Net – This is used to develop applications that INTERACT with Databases such as Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server

2. Class Library: .Net Framework included a number of class libraries which contain the method and function which helps in handling the file level operation. For example, a class library that has methods to handle all file-level operations like a method which can be used to read the text from a file

3. Common Language Runtime: Common Language Infrastructure has the following key features:

• Exception Handling: Exceptions are errors which occur when the application is executed.like if you are opening the file from the local which is not present at the local then it will GIVE an exception
• Garbage COLLECTION: when we wanted to remove the unwanted resources from the code which is no longer in use can be DONE by the garbage collector.

Like as the database connection in the application which is no longer in use when compilation stops