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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 201. |
What is the concept of poverty line? How does it vary with time and place? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) A poverty line is an indirect of poverty, i.e., it is a level of income which barely meets sustenance. A common method used to MEASURE poverty is based on the income or consumption level. (ii) A person is considered poor, if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given .minimum level. necessary to fulfil basic NEEDS. (iii) What is necessary to satisfy basic different at different times and in different countries. (iv) Therefore, poverty line may VARY with time and place. Each COUNTRY uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms. (v) For example, a person not having a car in the US may be considered poor. In India, OWNING of a car is still considered a luxury. |
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| 202. |
What is called 'Working Capital? |
| Answer» Solution :Production REQUIRES a variety of RAW materials and some money during production to make payments and BUY other necessary ITEMS. These are included in the .Working Capital. | |
| 203. |
How can you prove statistically that the unemployment rate is low in India? |
| Answer» Solution :A large number of PEOPLE represented with low income and productivity are counted as EMPLOYED. They APPEAR to WORK throughout the year but in terms of their potential and income, it is not adequate for them. The work that they are pursuing seems forced upon them. They may, therefore, want other work of their choice. Poor people cannot afford to sit IDLE. They tend to engage in any activity irrespective of its earning potential. Their earnings keep them on a bare subsistence level. | |
| 204. |
In which state was the literacy rate highest as per 2001 study? |
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Answer» Kerala |
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| 205. |
How was land resource affected by modern farming methods? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Land being a natural resource, it is NECESSARY to be very careful in its use. Scientific reports indicate that the MODERN farming METHODS have OVERUSED the natural resource base | |
| 206. |
Which of the following is fixed capital? |
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Answer» Money |
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| 207. |
What kind of transportation is used for connecting Palampur to these neighbouring villages and towns? |
| Answer» Solution :Bullock CARTS, tongas, WOODEN carts, MOTORCYCLES, JEEPS, tractors and trucks. | |
| 208. |
Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) There is difference among the PROPORTION of poor people in States. (ii) ESTIMATES show that average India HCR was 21.9% in 2011-12 but States LIKE Bihar and Orissa are the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7% and 37.6% respectively. (iii) In COMPARISON, there has been a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pardesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal. (iv) These States have used agricultural growth and Human Capital growth to reduce poverty. |
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| 209. |
What are the conditions of MGNREGA? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to RURAL household in 200 districts. (II) Under the programme, if an application is not provided employment within 15 days, he/she will be entitled to a DAILY UNEMPLOYMENT ALLOWANCE. |
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| 210. |
How is the investment in human capital similar to investment in physical capital? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) If there is DEVELOPMENT of human capital, it helps in the development of physical capital ofa country. (ii) If investment in human capital is done in the FORM of education and HEALTH, it can add value to a human resource then it can BRING CHANGES in other resources too. (iii) Healthier the people, the more they work and more they produce and earn therefore, increases the productivity of a country. |
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| 211. |
What was the main reason behind the growth of three different crops in a year in Palampur? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The MAIN REASON was the well-developed SYSTEM of IRRIGATION. | |
| 212. |
People as Resource' is a way of referring to a country's nonworking people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. |
| Answer» Solution :PEOPLE as RESOURCE. is a WAY referring to a country.s people in terms of their EXISTING productive SKILLS and abilities. | |
| 213. |
What is the role of health in human capital formation? |
| Answer» Solution :A HEALTHY PERSON can fulfil his potential. A person requires an ability to fight illness with ACCESS to CHEAP healthcare. This WOULD allow him to work without absence and can focus on work. | |
| 214. |
What were the limitations of Green Revolution? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Loss of soil FERTILITY due to increased use of chemical FERTILIZERS. (ii) Continuous use of groundwater for tubewell irrigation has REDUCED the water table below the ground. (iii) The chemical fertilizers, casily soluble in water, can dissolve in the groundwater and pollute it. (iv) They can kill bacteria and other micro-organisms helpful for the soil. (V) Excessive use of fertilizers can also make the soil alkaline and unfit for CULTIVATION. |
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| 215. |
What is the multiple cropping' system? |
| Answer» Solution : Multiple cropping is the most common WAY of increasing production on a given piece of land. When more than one crop is GROWN on a piece of land during the year, it is KNOWN as multiple cropping SYSTEM. All the farmers in Palampur grow at least TWO main crops and grow potatoes as their third crop. | |
| 216. |
On what factors does the quality of population depend on? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The literacy rate. (ii) Health of a person indicated by life EXPECTANCY and skill FORMATION acquired by the people of a country. (iii) The quality of population ultimately decides the growth rate of the country. (IV) An illiterate and unhealthy population is a liability for the economy, whereas a literate and healthy population is an asset. (v) The health of a person MAKES him realise his potential and the ability to fight illnesses. (vi) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for anorganisation and hence his country. (vii) Health is an indispensable basis for REALISING one.s own well-being. |
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| 217. |
What means of transportation are used in the village of Palampur? |
| Answer» Solution :Many kinds of transport are USED by the people in the village of Palampur. They use bullock carts, tongas, rickshaws, bogeys, etc. They are also used for loading jaggery and other commodities to their neighouring FARMS like Raiganj. Motor vehicles like motorcycles, JEEPS, tractors and trucks, etc. are used to transport people and surplus crops to sell it to their NEIGHBOURING villages. | |
| 218. |
When is a person considered poor? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :If his or her income or consumption LEVEL falls below a GIVEN .minimum level.. NECESSARY to fulfill basic NEEDS. | |
| 219. |
How is economic growth linked with poverty reduction in India? |
| Answer» Solution :Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the RESOURCES needed to invest in human development. This ALSO encourages PEOPLE to send their children, including the girl CHILD, to SCHOOLS in the hope of getting better economic returns from investing education. | |
| 220. |
Assertion : Growth in the agriculture sector is much below expectations. Reason : This has an indirect bearing on poverty as a small number of poor people live in villages and are dependent on agriculture. |
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Answer» Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. |
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| 221. |
Assertion : There were a number of causes for the widespread poverty in India. Reason : One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British colonial administration. |
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Answer» Both A and R are TRUE and R is the correct explanation of A. |
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| 222. |
Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. |
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Answer» Solution :The major reasons for poverty in India are : (i) There was low level of economic development under the British colonial administration. The colonial government DESTROYED Indian industries and there was no form of development and when India gained its independence, there were large number of people in poverty. (ii) India experienced HIGH growth rate of population and the low economic growth. This led to a larger population but with lower employment opportunities. This further restricted anti-poverty measures and large parts of the population remained in poverty. (iii) There has been unequal distribution of wealth in India. Certain CASTES and classes dominated land which led to large number of groups who had no access to inherited wealth. This caused a spiral of poverty whereby their FUTURE generation CONTINUED to remain in poverty. |
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| 223. |
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow : There were a number of causes for the widespread prverty in India. One historical reason is the low leavel of economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles. The low rate of growth persisted until the nineteeneighties. This resulted in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita income very low. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty. With the spread of irrigation and the Green revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agriculturesector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India. The industries, both in the public and the private sector, did provide some jobs. But these were not enough to absorb all the job seekers. Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshow pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a rural phenomenon also become the feature of the urban sector. Which revolution helped in crating jobs in India? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The GREEN REVOLUTION. | |
| 224. |
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow : There were a number of causes for the widespread prverty in India. One historical reason is the low leavel of economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles. The low rate of growth persisted until the nineteeneighties. This resulted in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita income very low. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty. With the spread of irrigation and the Green revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agriculturesector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India. The industries, both in the public and the private sector, did provide some jobs. But these were not enough to absorb all the job seekers. Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshow pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a rural phenomenon also become the feature of the urban sector. Why is the British colonial era considered to be one of the causes of widespread poverty in India? |
| Answer» Solution :The POLICIES of the colonial government ruined TRADITIONAL handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles. The low RATE of growth persisted until the nineteeneighties. This resulted in less job OPPORTUNITIES and low growth rate of income. | |
| 225. |
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follow : There were a number of causes for the widespread prverty in India. One historical reason is the low leavel of economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles. The low rate of growth persisted until the nineteeneighties. This resulted in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita income very low. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty. With the spread of irrigation and the Green revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agriculturesector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India. The industries, both in the public and the private sector, did provide some jobs. But these were not enough to absorb all the job seekers. Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshow pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a rural phenomenon also become the feature of the urban sector. How dis the rural phenomenon become a feature of the urban sector? |
| Answer» Solution :Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people STARTED working as rickshaw PULLERS, VENDORS, costruction workers, domestic servents, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford proper housing. Theystarted living in slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a RURAL phenomenon also BECAME the feature of the urban sector. | |
| 226. |
Which among the following is the method to estimate the poverty line? |
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Answer» INVESTMENT method |
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| 227. |
What is the educated unemployment, a peculiar problem of India? |
| Answer» Solution :Educated UNEMPLOYMENT means to have a PARTICULAR set of SKILL or degree but is unable to find jobs that require particular skill or educational qualification. This happens either due to low quality of education, whereby a person has not developed the SKILLS properly or the supply of people with a particular educational qualification is more than its demand. | |
| 228. |
What are the harmful effects of chemical fertilizers? |
| Answer» Solution :CHEMICAL fertilizers provide MINERALS which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But they may escape from the soil and pollute the groundwater, rivers and lakes, Chemical fertilizers can also kill bacteria and other micro organisms in the soil. It means sometimes, after their use, the soil will be less FERTILE than EVER before. So, CONTINUOUS use of chemical fertilizers has led to the degradation of the soil.s health. | |
| 229. |
How do chemical fertilizers affect the soil? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in WATER and are immediately AVAILABLE to plants. (ii) But these may not be RETAINED in the soil for LONG. (iii) They may escape from the soil and pollute GROUNDWATER, rivers and lakes. |
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| 230. |
Resources used in production like tools, machines and buildings are considered as: |
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Answer» WORKING capital |
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| 231. |
What are unorganised sectors? |
| Answer» Solution :Employment in this sector is charaterised by irregular and low INCOME. In this sector, there is absence of basic FACILITIES like marternity LEAVE, childcare and other social SECURITY SYSTEMS. | |
| 232. |
What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities? |
| Answer» Solution :Economic ACTIVITY refers to a human activity related to production and CONSUMPTION of goods and services for economic gain. Non-economic activity is an activity PERFORMED with the aim of providing services to OTHERS without any regard to monetary gain. Economic activity adds to national income while non-economic activity does not ADD to national income. | |
| 233. |
What kind of people in India are considered poor? |
| Answer» Solution :Landles LABOURERS in VILLAGES or people living in overcrowded jhuggis in cities, daily wage earners, BEGGARS or CHILD labourers. | |
| 234. |
How is human capital superior to other resources? |
| Answer» Solution :Human capital is in ONE way superior LIKE LAND and PHYSICAL capital: human resource can make use of land and capital but OTHERWISE land and capital cannot become useful on its own. | |
| 235. |
Poverty does not mean lack of clean water and sanitation facilities. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :POVERTY also means lack of CLEAN water and sanitation facilities. | |
| 236. |
What was the Tenth Plan endeavour to increase the enrollment in higher education? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Increase enrollment of 18 to 23 years age group from six to eleven percent by the end of the plan. (ii) Focus on increasing access, quality, adoption of states-specific curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology. (III) Focus on distant education, CONVERGENCE of formal, non-formal and IT education institutions. (iv) Over the PAST 50 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of universities and institutions of higher LEARNING in specialised area. (v) The plan outlay on education in India increased from Rs 151 crore in the first Plan to Rs 3766.90 crore in the ELEVENTH Plan. |
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| 237. |
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) To grow more than one CROP on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. (ii) All land is to be cultivated, no land to be left vacant. (III) During the kharif season, crops like jowar and bajra can be grown, FOLLOWED by cultivation of potato between October and December. (iv) In the winter season, rabi fields are sown with wheat. A part of the land can be used forgrowing sugarcane, which is harvested once every year. (v) For all these VARIETY of crops, a well-developed irrigation system is required which can be acquired with the help of electric-run tubewells. |
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| 238. |
What can be done by the government to start more non-farm activities in the villages to improve the farmers' conditions? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The GOVERNMENT should provide capital to the villagers for starting new business like shops, dairy farming, TRANSPORT, ETC. (ii) BANKS should be set up in the villages to provide loans to the farmers at low interest rates. (iii) People should be made LITERATE so that they are qualified to start a new business like computer training courses in computer centres. |
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| 239. |
Which are the four main factors of production? |
| Answer» Solution :Land, LABOUR, PHYSICAL CAPITAL and HUMAN capital. | |
| 240. |
Why poverty still remains a challenge for the Indian governments? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Through poverty has DECLINED in India, but despite the progress, poverty reduction remains India.s most compelling challenge. (ii) WIDE DISPARITIES in poverty are visible between rural and urban areas and among different states. (iii) Certain Social and Economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty. (iv) Poverty reduction is expectedto make better progress in the next ten to fiften years. (v) This would be possible mainly due to higher economic growth, increasing stress on universal free elementary education, declining population growth, increasing empowerment of the WOMEN and the economically weaker sections of the society. |
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| 241. |
What was the benefit of electricity in Palampur? |
| Answer» Solution :Most of the houses have ELECTRIC connections. ELECTRICITY powers all the tubewells in the FIELDS and is ALSO used in various types of small businesses. | |
| 242. |
How is poverty viewed by social scientists? |
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Answer» Solution :Since poverty has MANY facts, social scientists look at it through a variety of indicators. These social indicators are : (i) Illiteracy level. (II) Lack of general resistance due to malnutrition. (iii) Lack of ACCESS to health care (iv) Lack of job opportunity. (v) Lack of access of safe drinking water, sanitation, etc. |
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| 243. |
How is multiple cropping practised in Palampur? |
| Answer» Solution :All land is cultivated in Palampur. No land is left vacant. During the rainy season (kharif) farmers GROW jowar and bajra. These plants are used as CATTLE feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December. In the winter season (rabi) fields are sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough wheat for family.s consumption and SELL the surplus wheat at the market at Raiganj. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every YEAR. Sugarcane in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur. | |
| 244. |
Mention Social & Economic groups who are more vulnerable to poverty in India. Explain only two reasons of poverty in such communities. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Social groups which are most vulnerable to POVERTY are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households. (II) Similarly among economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households. Two reasons of poverty : (i) In INDIA, people from scheduled castes & scheduled tribes get in the vicious circle of poverty. In this system, people from such communities are excluded from equal opportunities and facilities that others enjoy. (ii) ILLITERACY is also one of the main causes for not getting better employment opportunities and they do migrate to cities in search of jobs and end up as Rickshaw Pullers or casual labourers. |
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| 245. |
What are the differences between Market and Non-market avtivities? |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 246. |
Answer the following questions briefly : What do you understand by human poverty? |
| Answer» Solution :Human poverty REFERS to the LACK of essential human necessities such as literacy, healthcare and a basic standard of living. These attributes cannot be measured by a minimum INCOME LEVEL and require the STUDY of both, the individual and the state in which he resides. | |
| 247. |
Poverty declined substantially in China and South Asian countries as a result of rapid……………and massive investments in human resource development. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ECONOMIC GROWTH | |
| 248. |
Unemployment is a situation when people who are willing to work but not getting any job. |
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Answer» |
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| 249. |
The unemployment of graduate and post-graduate has increased faster than matriculates. |
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| 250. |
How have kerala and West Bengal reduced their poverty? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Kerala has focused more on human resource development. In WEST Bengal, LAND reform measures have helped in reducing POVERTY. | |