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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 751. |
`10%` law of energy transfer in food chain was given by:A. EltonB. SchimperC. HaeckelD. Lindeman |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D 10% law of energy transfer in food chain was given by Lindeman. |
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| 752. |
A food chain always start withA. photosynthesisB. respirationC. nitrogen fixationD. decay |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 753. |
Earthworms are commonly referred as farmers’ friends. Define fragmentation. |
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Answer» During fragmentation large detritus (dead remains of plants & animals) is converted into into smaller particle by the detritrivores like earthworm, its surface area increases that helps in process, of decomposition. |
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| 754. |
What is xerosere? Describe the process of succession on a bare rock. |
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Answer» (a) Succession on bare rock. (b) Steps in Xerosere (i) Lichens-Pioneer Community. (ii) Mosses (iii) Herbs (iv) Shrubs (v) Trees-Climax community. |
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| 755. |
What do you mean by ‘Pioneer species’? |
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Answer» The species that invades a bare area and starts establishing a community is called pioneer species. |
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| 756. |
The plant communities in a given area show successive changes. Mention the stages of succession in a xerosere. |
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Answer» In xerach succession first plant communities appear in bare area are lichens,They secrete carbonic acid and dissolve rocks. This process forms soil that help in the growth of mosses. Then herbs,shrubs and forest stage appears .this process takes thousands of years and form climax community. |
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| 757. |
What do you mean by ecological succession? |
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Answer» It is the phenomenon of gradual and fourly predictable changes in the species composition of a given area leading ultimately to the establishment of a climax community. |
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| 758. |
Define the term ‘climax community'? |
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Answer» The community that is in near equilibrium with the environment, and does not undergo much change and occupied a large area is called climax community. |
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| 759. |
Differentiate between Sere and Seral communities. |
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Answer» Sere : Entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area. Seral community : Individual transitional community. |
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| 760. |
Define the term Sere. |
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Answer» The entire sequence of communities that successively change and lead to the establishment of a climax community is called a sere. |
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| 761. |
What is sere ? It constitutes how many types of communities . |
| Answer» Whole sequence of events occuring in biotic succession is called sere. Three types of communities i.e., pioneer, transitional and climax. | |
| 762. |
Answer appropriately as per the same given below : Lichens `to` Herbs `to` Shrubs `to` Forest. (i) Mention the name of missing seral stage. (ii) What type of environment conditions occurs in climax community ? |
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Answer» (i) Lichens `to` Bryophytes `to` Herbs `to` Shrubs `to` Forest. (ii) Mesic conditions. |
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| 763. |
During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities areA. orderly and sequentialB. randomC. very quickD. not influenced by the physical enviroment. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Biotic or ecological succession is the natural development of a series of biotic communities at the same site, one after the other till a climax community develops which does not change further because it is in perfect harmony with the enviroonment of the area. The change is orderly and sequential. The first biotic community which develops in a bare area is called pioneer community which develops in a bare area is called pioneer community is a stable, self perpetuating and final biotic community. It develops at the end of biotic succession and is in complete equilibrium with the prevailing environment. The establishment of climax stage is called stabilisation. |
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| 764. |
Climax community is in a state ofA. non-equilibriumB. equilibriumC. disorderD. constant change. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 765. |
Primary succession occurs onA. Newly exposed habitatB. Cleared forest areaC. Freshly harvested crop fieldD. Pond filled after a dry season |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Newly exposed sea floor, igneous rocks, sand dunes, lava sediments or newly submerged areas are some of the examples of primary bare area. It is quite hostile to first life or pioneer community. Primary succession takes a very long time. |
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| 766. |
Primary succession occurs in:A. previously unoccupied areaB. previously occupied areaC. both of the aboveD. none of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 767. |
Which are the first organisms to colonize on a bare rock?A. FungiB. MossesC. LichensD. Diatoms |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 768. |
Food chains are not always linear, it is branched in some steps. Name the network of food chains. |
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Answer» The network of the food chain is called food web. |
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| 769. |
The biotic community along with physical environment forms an interacting system called…… |
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Answer» The biotic community along with physical environment forms an interacting system called Ecosystem |
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| 770. |
Apart from plants and animals, microbes form a permanent biotic component in an ecosystem. While plants have been referred to as autotrophs and animals as heterotrophs, what are microbes referred to as? How do these microbes fulfil their energy requirements? |
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Answer» Microbes are referred to as heterotrophs and saprotrophs. They fulfil their energy requirement by feeding on dead remains of plants and animals through the process of decomposition. |
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| 771. |
Distinguish between Production and decomposition |
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| 772. |
What is the percentage of photo synthetically active radiation (PAR), in the incident solar radiation?(a) 100%(b) 50 %(c) 1-5%(d) 2-10% |
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Answer» 50% is the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in the incident solar radiation. |
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| 773. |
Secondary producers are(a) Herbivores(b) Producers(c) Carnivores(d) None of the above |
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Answer» Secondary producers are Herbivores |
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| 774. |
The respiratory losses of producers, herbivores and carnivores are, respectively,A. `10%, 20%, 30%`B. `20%, 30%, 60%`C. `20%, 40%, 80%`D. Always `10%` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 775. |
Detrivores like earthworm are involved in the process of decomposition of dead plants and animals. Describe the different steps involved in the process of decomposition. |
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Answer» The dead remains of plants and aminals called detritus undergo decomposition and are converted into simpler substances. The steps of this process are : Fragmentation : Breakdown of detritus into smaller pieces by detrivoures like earthworm. Leaching : Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts. Catabolism : Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances. Humification : It leads to accumulation of dark coloured amorphous substance called humus which is highly resistant to microbial action so decomposes at slow rate and is rich in nutrients. Mineralisation : Humus is further degraded by some microbes and release of inorganic nutrients occurs. |
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| 776. |
What does nature's carrying capacity for a species indicate ? |
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Answer» (ln nature) a given habitat has enough or limited resources to support a maximum possible number and nature's carrying capacity indicates that no further growth in population is possible. |
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| 777. |
Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystemA. DecompositionB. ProductivityC. StratificationD. Energy flow |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 778. |
Rate of decompositon depends uponA. chemical compositon of detritusB. temperatureC. soil moisture and soil pHD. all of these. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Rate of decomposition of detritus depends upon chemical nature of detritus, temperature, soil moisture and soil pH. A soil temperature of `25^(@)C` and more hastens decomposition. A low temperature of less than `10^(@)C` reduces rate of decomposition. Moisture is essential for decomposition. Excessive moisture also impedes decomposition probably due to anaerobiosis. Neutral and slightly alkaline soils are rich in detritivores, earthworms and decomposer microbes. Acidity decreases the number of detritivores and earthworms. Soil with small amount of lignin/chitin/cellulose and rich in nitrogen and water soluble substances (like sugars), decomposes rapidly |
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| 779. |
Rate of decompositon depends uponA. chemical compositon of detritus B. temperatureC. soil moisture and soil pHD. all of these. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Rate of decomposition of detritus depends upon chemical nature of detritus, temperature, soil moisture and soil pH. A soil temperature of `25^(@)C` and more hastens decomposition. A low temperature of less than `10^(@)C` reduces rate of decomposition. Moisture is essential for decomposition. Excessive moisture also impedes decomposition probably due to anaerobiosis. Neutral and slightly alkaline soils are rich in detritivores, earthworms and decomposer microbes. Acidity decreases the number of detritivores and earthworms. Soil with small amount of lignin/chitin/cellulose and rich in nitrogen and water soluble substances (like sugars), decomposes rapidly |
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| 780. |
Correct sequence of stages of succession of a lithosere isA. Foliose lichens `rarr` Crustose lichens `rarr` Mosses `rarr` Annual grasses `rarr` Perennial grasses `rarr` Shrubs `rarr` Trees.B. Crustose lichens `rarr` Foliose lichens `rarr` Mosses `rarr` Perennial grasses `rarr` Annual grasses `rarr` Annula grasses `rarr` Shrusb `rarr` TreesC. Reed swamp stage `rarr` Sedges `rarr` Floating plants `rarr` Submerged plantsD. Sedges `rarr` Reed swamp stage `rarr` Floating plants `rarr` Submerged plants |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 781. |
About `71%` of total global carbon is found isA. ocenasB. forestsC. grasslandsD. agroecosystems. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A From the total quantiy of global carbon, about 71 % is found dissolved in the oceans. |
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| 782. |
Select the correct sequence of succession in a pond.A. Submerged plants `rarr` Floating plants `rarr` Reed swamp stage `rarr` SedgesB. Floating plants `rarr` Submerged plants `rarr` redd swamp stage `rarr` SedgesC. Reed swamp stage `rarr` Sedges `rarr` Floating plants `rarr` Submerged plantsD. Sedges `rarr` Reed swamp stage `rarr` Floating plants `rarr` Submerged plants |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Series of biotic communities that develop in a newly formed pond or lake is called hydrosere. Various seral stages of hydrosere are : Planktons (phytoplanktons and zooplanktons) `to` rooted submerged hydrophytes `to` reedswamps `to ` sedges or marsh-meadow stage `to` woodland or scrub stage `to` climax forest. |
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| 783. |
Given below are some of the stages of the hydrarch. (A) March-meadow stage (B) Reed-swamp stage (C ) submerged plant stage (D) Phyotplankton stage Select the option that represents the correct sequence of these stages.A. `DrarrCrarrErarrBrarrA`B. `CrarrErarrArarrBrarrD`C. `BrarrDrarrCrarrArarrE`D. `DrarrErarrCrarrBrarrA` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 784. |
In the given figure A,B,C,D,E and F represent some stages of hydrosere, Select the correct statement regarding these. A. Hydrilla and Potamogeton occur in stage A,B. Phragmites and Typha occurs in stage C, Carex and Cyperus occur in stage D.C. Alinus and Populus occur in stage E, Accer and Quercus occur in stage F.D. all of these. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D In the given figure, A represents submerged stage (e.g., Hydrilla, Potamogeton, Vallisneria, etc.) B represents floating leaved anchored plant stage (e.g., Nymphaea, Nelumbo, Pistia, etc.), C represents reed-swamp stage (e.g., Phragmites, Typha, Scirpus, Sagittaria, etc.), Drepresents marsh-meadow stage (e.g., Carex, Cyperus, Juncus, etc.), E represents woodland stage (e.g., Salix, Populus, Alnus, etc.) and F represents the climax community of forest (e.g., Acer, Quercus, Ulmus, etc.). |
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| 785. |
Study the given biogeochemical cycle and identify the steps I and ii A. `{:("(i)","(ii)"),("Ammonification","Denitrification"):}`B. `{:("(i)","(ii)"),("Dentirification","Ammonification"):}`C. `{:("(i)","(ii)"),("Nitrification","Ammounification"):}`D. `{:("(i)","(ii)"),("Ammonification","Nitrification"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 786. |
Which of the following organisms in the given food web act as a secondary consumers?A. II and VB. III and VIC. III and IVD. V and VII |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B In the given food web, organisms I (phytoplanktons) act as producers , organisms II, V and Vii act as primary consumers as they feed on producers, organisms III and VI act as secondary consumers as they upon primary consumers, and organism IV acts as a tertiary consumer. |
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| 787. |
Given food web contains some missing organisms, 1,2,3 and 4. Identify these organisms and select the correct answer? A. `{:(1,2,3,4),("Deer","Rabbit","Frog","Rat"):}`B. `{:(1,2,3,4),("Dog","Squirrel","Bat","Frog"):}`C. `{:(1,2,3,4),("Rat","Eagle","Tortoise","Crow"):}`D. `{:(1,2,3,4),("Squirrel","Car","Peacock","Pigeon"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 788. |
Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystemA. Energy flowB. DecompositionC. ProductivityD. Stratification |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Stratification is not the functional unit of ecosystem. Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification. It represent the structural unit of an ecosystem. For example, trees occupy top vertical strete or layer of a forest, shrubs the shrubs the scond and herbs and grasses occupy the bottom layers. |
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| 789. |
Identify the likely organisms (a), (b), (c) and (d) in the food web shown below A. `{:(,(A),(B),(C),(D)),((1),"Dear","Rabbit","Frog","Rat"):}`B. `{:(,(A),(B),(C),(D)),((2),"Dog","Squirrel","Bat","Deer"):}`C. `{:(,(A),(B),(C),(D)),((3),"Rat","Dog","Tortoise","Crow"):}`D. `{:(,(A),(B),(C),(D)),((4),"Squirrel","Cat","Rat","Pigeon"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 790. |
Identify the likely organisms I, II, III and IV in the food web shown below. A. `{:(I,II,III,IV),("Deer","Rabbit","Frog","Rat"):}`B. `{:(I,II,III,IV),("Dog","Squirrel","Bat","Deer"):}`C. `{:(I,II,III,IV),("Rat","Dog","Tortoise","Crow"):}`D. `{:(I,II,III,IV),("Squirrel","Cat","Rat","Pigeon"):}` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Producers utilise the radiant energy of sum which is transformed to chemical form during photosynthesis. Thus, green plants occupy the first trophic level. The herbivores constitute the secondary trophic level and the carnivores the third trophic level. Deer is herbivores, rabbit and rat are also herbivores, but frog eats the grasshoppers. |
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| 791. |
Pheretima and its close relatives obtain nourishment fromA. Decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matterB. Soil insectsC. Sugarcane rootsD. Small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of Maize and others |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Pheretima and its close relatives obtain nourishment from decaying fallen leaves and soil organic mater |
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| 792. |
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called:A. Standing cropB. DetritusC. HumusD. Standing state |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Standing crop is the total amount of living matter in a specified population at a particular time, expressed as biomass (standing biomass) or its equivalent in terms of energy. The standing crop may vary at different times of the year for example in a population of deciduous trees between summer and winter. |
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| 793. |
Which one of the following statements for pyramid of energy is incorrect, whereas the remaining three are correct?A. It show energy content of different trophic level of organismsB. It is inverted in shapeC. It is upright in shapeD. Its base is broad |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Pyramid of energy is graphic representation of energy per unit area sequence-wise in various rising trophic levels with producers at the base and top carnivores at the apex. Pyramid of energy is upright in all cases. It is also more accurate than other types of ecological pyramids. |
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| 794. |
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called:A. Standing stateB. Standing cropC. DetritusD. Humus |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 795. |
Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at any time is called:A. detritusB. humusC. standing stateD. standing crop |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 796. |
The term ecosystem was coined by:A. E.HaechelB. E.WarmingC. EP. OdumD. A.G. Transley |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D The term ecosystem was coined by A.G. Tansley. |
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| 797. |
Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of cropland ecosystem?A. Always of weedsB. Ecological successionC. Absence of soil organismsD. Least genetic diversity |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Cropland ecosystem has least genetic diversity. |
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| 798. |
Pyramid of energy in a river ecosystem is:A. Always uprightB. Always invertedC. ConstantD. Declining |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Pyramid of energy in any ecosystem is always upright. |
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| 799. |
Which one of the following is not a function of an ecosystem?A. Energy flowB. ProductivityC. StratificationD. Decomposition |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 800. |
Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?A. It occurs on a deforested siteB. It following primary successionC. It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast paceD. If begins on bare rock |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Secondary succession or subsere is ecological succession that takes place in a recently denuded area which still contains a lot of organic debris, remains and propagules of previous living organisms. It is more common and caused by baring of an area due to forest fires, deforestation excessive over grazing landslides, earthquakes, repeated floods, etc. only 50-100 yrs are required for establishment of a grassland over a recenntly denuded area. Formation of forest requires 100-200 yrs. |
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