1382 + Interview Questions in ECOSYSTEM IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 14 InterviewSolution

651.	A: Niche become general and broader during biotic succession. R: Species diversity increases but organic matter is decreased.A. If both Assertion &Reason are true and the reason is the corect explanation of the assertion , then mark (1)B. If both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason, is not the correct explanation of the assertion , then mark (2)C. If Assertion is true statement but Reason is false , them mark (3).D. If both Asseration and Reason are false statements , then mark (4).
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

652.	The complexity pf food wweb can vary greatly and this complexity express by . . . . . . Of the food web.A. connectanceB. connectivityC. flowD. energy
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

653.	Decomposition is the process in which complex dead matters are broken down into simpler inorganic substances,1. Name the step of decomposition in which biological activity not found?2. Chemical composition of detritus influence decomposition why?
Answer» 1. Humification 2. If the detritus rich in Lignin and chitin the rate of decomposition is very slow but it is rich in nitrogenous compounds and Sugars the rate of decomposition is very high.

653.

Decomposition is the process in which complex dead matters are broken down into simpler inorganic substances,1. Name the step of decomposition in which biological activity not found?2. Chemical composition of detritus influence decomposition why?

Answer»

1. Humification

2. If the detritus rich in Lignin and chitin the rate of decomposition is very slow but it is rich in nitrogenous compounds and Sugars the rate of decomposition is very high.

Discussion

654.	Tropical plants Prosopis, Acacia and Cappar is belong toA. GrasslandsB. Thorn forestsC. Deciduous forestsD. Evergreen forests
Answer» Correct Answer - B Flora of thrn forests include prosopis cineraria acacia senagal, capparis decidue, salvadora oleoides, asparagus racemosus and ephedra foliata.

Discussion

655.	Which of the following statements about productivity is true ?A. Primary productivity of all ecosystems is constantB. Annual net primary productivity of the whole of the biosphere is 170 billion tons (dry weight) of organic matter.C. Gross primary productivity is the amount of biomass available for consumption to carnivoresD. Primary productivity depends upon the animal species inhabiting a particular area.
Answer» Correct Answer - B Primary productivity varies in different type of ecosystem. Annal net primary productivity of the whole of the biosphere is 170 billion tons (dry weight of organic matter Net primary productivity is the amount of biomass available for consumption to heterotrophs (herbivoures and decomposers).

Discussion

656.	The rate at which light energy is changed into chemical energy of organic molecules by the producers isA. net primary productivityB. gross primary productivityC. net secondary productivityD. gross secondary productivity
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

657.	Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?A. It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast paceB. It begins on a bare rockC. It occurs on a deforested siteD. It follows primary succession
Answer» Correct Answer - C Secondary biotic succession occurs in abandoned farm lands, burned or cut forests and lands that have been flooded.

Discussion

658.	Pioneer in a hydrosphere areA. DiatomsB. fernsC. lichensD. Lemna
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

659.	Which are the biotic componets of forest ecosystemA. ProducersB. DecomposersC. ConsumersD. All of the above
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

660.	The first plants to reappear in a badly burned forest area will most probably beA. MossesB. LiverwortsC. FernsD. Grasses
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

661.	Primary succession starts in an area whereA. No living organisms ever existedB. All the living organisms that existed there, lost to any reasonC. No living organisms are thereD. Both A and C
Answer» Correct Answer - D Succession is a process that starts where no living organisms are there. If succession starts at a place where no living organism ever existed (newly exposed unoccupied habitat: then it is called `1^(@)` succession.

Discussion

662.	Primary succession on rocks starts withA. herbsB. animalsC. lichensD. trees
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

663.	First plants to appear on a badly burnt forest area will beA. mossesB. fernsC. liverwortsD. grasses
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

664.	Which of the following is correctly matched?A. Parthenium hysterophorus -Threat to biodiversityB. Stratification - PopulationC. Aerenchyma - OpuntiaD. Age pyramid - Biome
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

665.	Which of the following National Parks is home to the famous musk deer or hangulA. Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuay, Arunachal PradeshB. Dachigam National Park, Jammu & KashmirC. Keibul Lamjao National Park, ManipurD. Bandhagarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

666.	A community become stabilised in an area communityA. pioneer communityB. climax communityC. seres communityD. none of these
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

667.	Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity?A. CaveB. PondC. MeadowD. Forest river bank
Answer» Correct Answer - A Owing to darkness, primary productivity through photosynthesis is not possible in caves.

Discussion

668.	Which one of the following components of ecosystem comes from outside?A. EnergyB. OxygenC. InsectsD. Temperature
Answer» Correct Answer - A Solar energy reaches an ecosystem from outside.

Discussion

669.	A large number of organic compounds can be decomposed by:A. PseudomonasB. AzotobacterC. MycoplasmaD. Chemolithotrophs
Answer» Correct Answer - D Chemolithotrophs are the organisms obtaining energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds. (ATP synthesis coupled to the oxidation of inorganic compounds). They use reducing power obtained directly from reduced inorganic compounds or by reverse electron transport and most can fix `CO_(2)` using the Calvin Cycle. Chemolithotrophs may be found in extremely diverse habitats.

Discussion

670.	How does the dead organic matter get decomposed in nature ? Explain.
Answer» In nature the dead organic matter gets decomposed by the microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms called decomposers break down the complex organic matter into simpler inorganic substances like CO₂ water and nutrients.

Discussion

671.	Explain primary productivity and the factors that influence it.
Answer» Primary productivity is the amount of biomass produced per unit area over a time period by green plants during photosynthesis. The factors that influence it are tire plant species of the area, their photosynthetic activity, availability of nutrients, solar radiations, precipitation, soil types and the various environmental factors.

Discussion

672.	Which of the following atoms typically cycles within the most localised area ?A. CarbonB. WaterC. NitrogenD. Phosphorus
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

673.	Ecosystem may be defined asA. A localised association of several plants and animalsB. Different communities of plants, animals and microbes together with their physico-chemical enviromentsC. Different communties of plants and microbesplus their physicochemical environmentsD. None of these
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

674.	Food chain consists ofA. Producer, consumer and deocomposerB. Producer, carnivore and decomposerC. Producer and primary consumerD. Producer, herbivore and carnivore
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

675.	Ecosystem is defined asA. Relation between plants and animalsB. Relation between biotic and physical componentsC. Relation between producers and decomposersD. None of these
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

676.	Decomposers areA. AutotrophsB. HeterotrophsC. AutoheterotrophsD. Organotrophs
Answer» Correct Answer - B Any heterotrophs, which break down organic matter into simpler organic or inorganic materials is called decomposer.

Discussion

677.	More moisture loving mosses areA. Polytrichum, GrimmiaB. Hypnum, BryumC. Both (a) and (b)D. none of these
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

678.	Nitrogen is a critical element of the ecosystem because it isA. essential elemantB. abundant in atmosphereC. labileD. fixed by microbes
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

679.	Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:A. herbivoresB. carnivoresC. producersD. none of these
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

680.	Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding ecological pyramids ?A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystemB. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystemC. The pyramid of numbers is upright in grassland ecosystemD. The pyramid of biomass is upright in grassland ecosystem
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

681.	Give an account for flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Answer» 1. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional from producers to consumers. 2. The ow of energy obeys the laws of the thermodynamics 2-10% of radiant energy (50% of which reaches the earth) is photo synthetically active radiation. It travels through different tropic levels from producers in the form of food energy. The producers convert radiant energy into chemical energy which is stored as biomass. When energy flows from one tropic level to another only 10% of the total energy is transferred, as certain amount of energy is utilized by the organism belonging to a particular tropic level.

681.

Give an account for flow of energy in an ecosystem.

Answer»

1. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional from producers to consumers.

2. The ow of energy obeys the laws of the thermodynamics 2-10% of radiant energy (50% of which reaches the earth) is photo synthetically active radiation. It travels through different tropic levels from producers in the form of food energy.

The producers convert radiant energy into chemical energy which is stored as biomass. When energy flows from one tropic level to another only 10% of the total energy is transferred, as certain amount of energy is utilized by the organism belonging to a particular tropic level.

Discussion

682.	Which one of the following is not used for construction of ecological pyramids?(a) Dry weight(b) Number of individuals(c) Rate of energy flow (d) Fresh weight
Answer» (d) Fresh weight

Discussion

683.	Read the following statements regarding ecological pyramids and choose the correct answer . (a) Relationship between organisns at different tropic levels is expressed in terms of number , biomass and energy. (b) Any calculations of energy content, biomass or number has to include one group of organisms at that tropic level (c) In most ecosystems, all the pyramids of numbers , biomass , and energy are upright. (d) The pyramids of biomass in sea is generally inverted . (e) Pyramid of energy is always inverted and can never be upright.A. a, c and d are wrongB. a is wrongC. b and e are wrongD. a and e are wrong
Answer» Correct Answer - C Any calculation of energy content, biomass ornumbers has to include all the organism at that trophic level. Pyramid of energy is always upright , can never be inverted.

Discussion

684.	Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in dense vegetation is calledA. stratificationB. species compositonC. standing cropD. trophic structure.
Answer» Correct Answer - A Vertical distribution of different species occuping different levels is called stratification. For example, trees occupy top vertical strata or lyaer of a forest, shrubs the second and herbs and grasses occupy the bottom layers.

Discussion

685.	Which of the following aspects is not a component of functional unit of ecosystem?A. ProductivityB. DecompositionC. energy flowD. Ecological pytramids
Answer» Correct Answer - D Interaction of biotic and abiotic components result in a physical structure, that is characteristic of each type of ecosystem. Components of ecosystem function as one single unit. Four important functional aspects of the ecosystem are : (i) Productivity, (ii) Decomposition, (iii) Energy flow and (iv) Nutrient cycling. Ecological pyramids are graphical representation of number, biomass and energy flow in n ecosystem.

Discussion

686.	Choose odd one out w.r.t. functional aspects of ecosystem.A. Energy flowB. DecompositionC. Species compositionD. Nutrient cycling
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

687.	How many most important functional aspects of ecosystem are there ? Whiche one is associated with rate of biomass production ?
Answer» Four, productivity is the rate of biomass production.

Discussion

688.	Name the four functional aspects of an ecosystem.
Answer» Functional aspects of an ecosystem are: i. Productivity ii. Decomposition iii. Energy flow iv. Nutrient cycle

688.

Name the four functional aspects of an ecosystem.

Answer»

Functional aspects of an ecosystem are:

i. Productivity

ii. Decomposition

iii. Energy flow

iv. Nutrient cycle

Discussion

689.

Differentiate between standing crop and standing state

Answer»

Standing crop	Standing state
(1) It is the amount of living matter or biomass of biotic components of an ecosystem	(1) It is the amount of inorganic nutrient present in an ecosystem.
(2) It is present all over the ecosystem.	(2) It occurs in the growth medium of producers.
(3) It indicates the productivity of the ecosystem.	(3) It determines the productivity of the ecosystem.

Discussion

690.	Define Productivity? How is it expressed?
Answer» Productivity refers to the rate of biomass production. It is expressed as g^-2 yr^-2 or (Keal m^-2) yr^-1

Discussion

691.	Which of the following is not a producer?A. SpirogyraB. AgaricusC. VolvoxD. Nostoc
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

692.	Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession.Phytoplankton → (a) → (b) → (c) → Submerged free-floating → (d) → Forest plant stageWhat is common between hydrarch and xerarch succession?
Answer» a. Reed-swamp stage b. Submerged plant stage c. Marsh-meadow stage d. Scrub stage Both the hydrarch and xerarch lead to mesic conditions of forest.

692.

Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession.Phytoplankton → (a) → (b) → (c) → Submerged free-floating → (d) → Forest plant stageWhat is common between hydrarch and xerarch succession?

Answer»

a. Reed-swamp stage

b. Submerged plant stage

c. Marsh-meadow stage

d. Scrub stage

Both the hydrarch and xerarch lead to mesic conditions of forest.

Discussion

693.	Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession. Phytoplankton → Read and swamp stage → A → B → submerged free floating stage → C → Forest plant stage
Answer» A - Submerged plant stage B - Marsh-meadow stage C - Shrub stage.

693.

Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession. Phytoplankton → Read and swamp stage → A → B → submerged free floating stage → C → Forest plant stage

Answer»

A - Submerged plant stage

B - Marsh-meadow stage

C - Shrub stage.

Discussion

694.	Identify the correct sequence of the stages in `1^(@)` hydrarch succession (a) Reed-swamp stage (b) ubmerged plant stage (c) Scrub stage (d) Forest (e) Marsh- meadow stage (f) Phytoplankton (g) Submerged free floating plant stageA. a,b,c,d,e,f,gB. f,b,e,g,a,c,dC. f,g,b,a,c,e,dD. f,b,g,a,e,c,d
Answer» Correct Answer - D The correct sequence of the stage in `1^(@)` hydrarch succession are: f. Phytoplankton b. Submerged plant stage g. Submerged free floating plant stage a. Reed-swamp stage e. Marsh-meadow stage c. Scrub stage d. Forest

Discussion

695.	The concept of ecological pyramids was given byA. DarwanB. OdumC. ReiterD. Elton
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

696.	What are decomposers? Write their function.
Answer» Decomposers are organisms that break down dead life forms, whether plant or animal, into simpler substances for easy absorption by plants. Decomposers are usually fungi or bacteria and are a crucial part of the food web. Decomposers consume dead plants and animals as nutrients and excrete nutrients that can be used by plants. (a) Saprotrophs feed on dead bodies of organisms, (b) Decomposition and mineralization.

696.

What are decomposers? Write their function.

Answer»

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead life forms, whether plant or animal, into simpler substances for easy absorption by plants. Decomposers are usually fungi or bacteria and are a crucial part of the food web. Decomposers consume dead plants and animals as nutrients and excrete nutrients that can be used by plants.

(a) Saprotrophs feed on dead bodies of organisms,

(b) Decomposition and mineralization.

Discussion

697.	What are ecosystem services?
Answer» The products of ecosystem processes are named as ecosystem services. Healthy forest ecosystems purify air and water. Mitigate droughts and flood. Cycle nutrients. Generates fertile soil. Provide wildlife habitat. Maintain biodiversity. Pollinate crops. Provide storage site for carbon Provides aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values

697.

What are ecosystem services?

Answer»

The products of ecosystem processes are named as ecosystem services.

Healthy forest ecosystems purify air and water.
Mitigate droughts and flood.
Cycle nutrients.
Generates fertile soil.
Provide wildlife habitat.
Maintain biodiversity.
Pollinate crops.
Provide storage site for carbon
Provides aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values

Discussion

698.	Which of the following trophic levels are occupied by sparrow ?A. Primary consumer, primary producerB. Secondary consumer , top carnivoreC. Primary producer, secondary consumerD. Primary consumer, secondary consumer.
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

699.	Amount of inorganic substances present in an ecosystem is _____. Energy flow is a ________feature of ecosystem.A. Standing crop , structuralB. Standing state, functionalC. Standing crop , functionalD. Standing state , structural
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

700.	How phosphorus cycle differs from carbon cycle?
Answer» There is no respiratory release of phosphorus into atmosphere. Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall are much smaller. Gaseous exchange of phosphorus between organism and environment are negligible.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

The complexity pf food wweb can vary greatly and this complexity express by . . . . . . Of the food web.A. connectanceB. connectivityC. flowD. energy

Decomposition is the process in which complex dead matters are broken down into simpler inorganic substances,1. Name the step of decomposition in which biological activity not found?2. Chemical composition of detritus influence decomposition why?

Tropical plants Prosopis, Acacia and Cappar is belong toA. GrasslandsB. Thorn forestsC. Deciduous forestsD. Evergreen forests

The rate at which light energy is changed into chemical energy of organic molecules by the producers isA. net primary productivityB. gross primary productivityC. net secondary productivityD. gross secondary productivity

Which one of the following statements is correct for secondary succession?A. It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast paceB. It begins on a bare rockC. It occurs on a deforested siteD. It follows primary succession

Pioneer in a hydrosphere areA. DiatomsB. fernsC. lichensD. Lemna

Which are the biotic componets of forest ecosystemA. ProducersB. DecomposersC. ConsumersD. All of the above

The first plants to reappear in a badly burned forest area will most probably beA. MossesB. LiverwortsC. FernsD. Grasses

Primary succession starts in an area whereA. No living organisms ever existedB. All the living organisms that existed there, lost to any reasonC. No living organisms are thereD. Both A and C

Primary succession on rocks starts withA. herbsB. animalsC. lichensD. trees

First plants to appear on a badly burnt forest area will beA. mossesB. fernsC. liverwortsD. grasses

Which of the following is correctly matched?A. Parthenium hysterophorus -Threat to biodiversityB. Stratification - PopulationC. Aerenchyma - OpuntiaD. Age pyramid - Biome

Which of the following National Parks is home to the famous musk deer or hangulA. Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuay, Arunachal PradeshB. Dachigam National Park, Jammu & KashmirC. Keibul Lamjao National Park, ManipurD. Bandhagarh National Park, Madhya Pradesh

A community become stabilised in an area communityA. pioneer communityB. climax communityC. seres communityD. none of these

Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity?A. CaveB. PondC. MeadowD. Forest river bank

Which one of the following components of ecosystem comes from outside?A. EnergyB. OxygenC. InsectsD. Temperature

A large number of organic compounds can be decomposed by:A. PseudomonasB. AzotobacterC. MycoplasmaD. Chemolithotrophs

How does the dead organic matter get decomposed in nature ? Explain.

Explain primary productivity and the factors that influence it.

Which of the following atoms typically cycles within the most localised area ?A. CarbonB. WaterC. NitrogenD. Phosphorus

Ecosystem may be defined asA. A localised association of several plants and animalsB. Different communities of plants, animals and microbes together with their physico-chemical enviromentsC. Different communties of plants and microbesplus their physicochemical environmentsD. None of these

Food chain consists ofA. Producer, consumer and deocomposerB. Producer, carnivore and decomposerC. Producer and primary consumerD. Producer, herbivore and carnivore

Ecosystem is defined asA. Relation between plants and animalsB. Relation between biotic and physical componentsC. Relation between producers and decomposersD. None of these

Decomposers areA. AutotrophsB. HeterotrophsC. AutoheterotrophsD. Organotrophs

More moisture loving mosses areA. Polytrichum, GrimmiaB. Hypnum, BryumC. Both (a) and (b)D. none of these

Nitrogen is a critical element of the ecosystem because it isA. essential elemantB. abundant in atmosphereC. labileD. fixed by microbes

Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:A. herbivoresB. carnivoresC. producersD. none of these

Give an account for flow of energy in an ecosystem.

Which one of the following is not used for construction of ecological pyramids?(a) Dry weight(b) Number of individuals(c) Rate of energy flow (d) Fresh weight

Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in dense vegetation is calledA. stratificationB. species compositonC. standing cropD. trophic structure.

Which of the following aspects is not a component of functional unit of ecosystem?A. ProductivityB. DecompositionC. energy flowD. Ecological pytramids

Choose odd one out w.r.t. functional aspects of ecosystem.A. Energy flowB. DecompositionC. Species compositionD. Nutrient cycling

How many most important functional aspects of ecosystem are there ? Whiche one is associated with rate of biomass production ?

Name the four functional aspects of an ecosystem.

Differentiate between standing crop and standing state

Define Productivity? How is it expressed?

Which of the following is not a producer?A. SpirogyraB. AgaricusC. VolvoxD. Nostoc

Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession.Phytoplankton → (a) → (b) → (c) → Submerged free-floating → (d) → Forest plant stageWhat is common between hydrarch and xerarch succession?

Fill in the missing stages in the given primary hydrarch succession. Phytoplankton → Read and swamp stage → A → B → submerged free floating stage → C → Forest plant stage

Identify the correct sequence of the stages in `1^(@)` hydrarch succession (a) Reed-swamp stage (b) ubmerged plant stage (c) Scrub stage (d) Forest (e) Marsh- meadow stage (f) Phytoplankton (g) Submerged free floating plant stageA. a,b,c,d,e,f,gB. f,b,e,g,a,c,dC. f,g,b,a,c,e,dD. f,b,g,a,e,c,d

The concept of ecological pyramids was given byA. DarwanB. OdumC. ReiterD. Elton

What are decomposers? Write their function.

What are ecosystem services?

Which of the following trophic levels are occupied by sparrow ?A. Primary consumer, primary producerB. Secondary consumer , top carnivoreC. Primary producer, secondary consumerD. Primary consumer, secondary consumer.

Amount of inorganic substances present in an ecosystem is _____. Energy flow is a ________feature of ecosystem.A. Standing crop , structuralB. Standing state, functionalC. Standing crop , functionalD. Standing state , structural

How phosphorus cycle differs from carbon cycle?

Amount of inorganic substances present in an ecosystem is _. Energy flow is a ____feature of ecosystem.A. Standing crop , structuralB. Standing state, functionalC. Standing crop , functionalD. Standing state , structural