Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

There are difference of opinions and competition over land, water, mineral resources, etc. among neighbouring countries. Moreover, there can be economic and political causes which lead to war among different countries. Many times the l religions and ethnicity are also caused for dispute. Due to international conflicts, the peace is disturbed and it results in war.

Tourism is mainly because people like to visit scenic places, undertake nature watch, wish to visit to sacred places and for entertainment purpose.

ECOSYSTEMS

In 1935, the British ecologist A.G.Tansley coined the term “eco system”. 

• The term “eco system” is made up of two Greek words. “Eco” means ecological sphere(or) place of living while “system” means “group of organisms joined in regular and interdependent manner. 
• A group of organisms interacting among themselves and with environment is known as ecosystem. (OR) 
• A system of interaction of organisms with their surroundings (i.e., environment) is called as “ecosystem”. Examples: Pond, lake, ocean, forest and desert…. etc are some of the examples of the ecosystems.

CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM:

The ecosystem can be generally classified into two types:

1. Natural Ecosystem

2. Artificial Eco system

1. NATURAL ECOSYSTEM:

A natural ecosystem is developed and governed by nature. These are capable of operating and maintaining themselves without any major interference by man. The following are the two types of natural ecosystem based on their habitat.

1. Terrestrial Ecosystem.

2. Aquatic Ecosystem.

1) Terrestrial Ecosystem:

This ecosystem is related to land.

Examples: Grassland ecosystem. Forest ecosystem, and Desert ecosystem etc.

2) Aquatic Ecosystem:

This ecosystem is related to water, it is further sub divided into two types based on salt content.

i. Fresh Water Ecosystem:

a. Running Water Ecosystems Examples: Rivers, streams (small narrow rivers)

b. Standing Water Ecosystems Examples: Pond, lake & well, etc

ii. Marine Ecosystem:

Examples: seas and sea shores

2. MAN MADE (OR) ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEM:

An artificial ecosystem is created and maintained by man for his different needs. Examples: Reservoirs, Artificial lakes and gardens, etc.

Types of ecosystems are formed according to size, place, climate, types of plants and animals that survive in that ecosystem.

When people do not get sufficient food and other amenities, they migrate to the cities. The cities provide employment for many people due to industries, factories and other facilities. Every day many people migrate to cities. This causes urbanization. Due to increased population in cities, there is more need for housing. This results in loss of agricultural lands, marshlands, wetlands, forests and grasslands, etc.

The natural ecosystems are lost in an attempt to have developmental work. Human interference causes changes in the ecosystems. When land usage is changed many naturally occurring species of plants and animals are exterminated. Animal- human conflicts are very common in newly established urban areas which are near the natural forests.

Natural ecosystems must be protected as they maintain balance in the biosphere.

When a large dam is constructed, the original landscape is changed. The trees are cut down causing deforestation. The wild animals lose their habitat. Many of them become extinct. There is great loss of flora and fauna due to construction of large dams. There is undue pressure on the land surface caused due to stored water column. This may cause earthquakes. The human settlements are removed as their houses and farms are immersed under water. In all the above ways large dams destroy the ecosystems.

1. Human population growth rate is very big as compared to other animals. 

2. Moreover, they are apex consumers in an ecosystem. Just like any other organisms, ecosystems provide all the basic needs to humans, too. 

3. However, man demands much more due to excessive population. The natural resources are utilized on the large scale only by man. 

4. Changing lifestyles, consumerism, degradation of nature and pollution are certain aspects which are created only by human beings.

5. All these cause increased stress on the ecosystems. Large human population also produces large-scale solid wastes.

Dudhwa forest is in Uttar Pradesh. About a century back, Dudhwa forest was the habitat for one-horned Rhino. However, due to hunting and poaching in 20th century, this animal became endangered. Thus to restore their populations, on 1st April 1984 rhino were introduced there again. Rhinos can were bred in captivity followed by releasing them back into natural ecosystem.

For this purpose at first the land was selected. This was 27 square km grassland and forest with continuous water supply through natural resources. Two observatories were established for making these efforts successful. Now Dudhwa is known for one¬horned Rhino population.

Long ago in last century, Dudhwa forest was the natural habitat of the one-horned Rhino. However, due to hunting and poaching, the Rhino became almost extinct. In order to restore it back the breeding in captivity was attempted and the young ones were released in the natural habitat. Saving the precious wildlife is important and hence these efforts were done.