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1. They are having flexible control characteristics. The study state and dynamic characteristics of electrical drives can be shaped to satisfy load requirements.
2. Drives can be provided with automatic fault detection systems. PLCs and computers can be employed to automatically control the drive operations in a desired sequence.
3. Drives are available in wide range of speed, power and torque.
4. Control gear required for speed control, starting and BRAKING is usually simple and EASY to operate.
5. It can operate in all the four quadrants of speed - torque plane. Electric braking GIVES smooth deceleration and INCREASES life of the EQUIPMENT compared to other forms of braking.

• Electrical motors and load
• Power MODULATOR
• Sources
• CONTROL UNIT
• SENSING unit

Systems EMPLOYED for motion control are called as drives and drives employ any of the prime MOVERS such as diesel or petrol engines, GAS or steam turbines, hydraulic motors and electric motors for supplying MATHEMATICAL energy for motion control. Drives employing electric motion is called as ELECTRICAL drives.

Systems employed for motion control are called as drives and drives employ any of the prime movers such as diesel or petrol engines, gas or steam turbines, hydraulic motors and electric motors for supplying mathematical energy for motion control. Drives employing electric motion is called as electrical drives.

The effective force necessary to propel the TRAIN at the wheels of the locomotive to which the motor is geared is called the tractive effort. It is measured in newtons and is tangential to the driving wheels.

TOTAL tractive effort REQUIRED to run a train on tract = Tractive effort to produce ACCELERATION + Tractive effort to overcome effort of GRAVITY + Tractive effort to overcome train resistance.

The effective force necessary to propel the train at the wheels of the locomotive to which the motor is geared is called the tractive effort. It is measured in newtons and is tangential to the driving wheels.

Total tractive effort required to run a train on tract = Tractive effort to produce acceleration + Tractive effort to overcome effort of gravity + Tractive effort to overcome train resistance.

DEAD weight:

The TOTAL weight of locomotive and train to be pulled by the locomotive is known as dead weight

Adhesive weight:

The total weight to be CARRIED on the driving wheels is known as the adhesive weight.

Dead weight:

The total weight of locomotive and train to be pulled by the locomotive is known as dead weight

Adhesive weight:

The total weight to be carried on the driving wheels is known as the adhesive weight.

1. High SPEED of response
2. High accuracy
3. Over voltage and over speed protection
4. Electronic INTERLOCKING
5. LESS sensitive to temperature variations and DRIFT
6. NUMBERS of components used are less

1. TAP changer control
2. Thyristor control
3. CHOPPER control
4. MICROPROCESSOR control

There are three methods of applying ELECTRIC BRAKING.

They are:

1. PLUGGING or reverse current braking
2. Rheostatic braking
3. REGENERATIVE braking

There are three methods of applying electric braking.

They are:

1. The basic REQUIREMENTS of a braking SYSTEM is given below.
2. Easy to use for driver to OPERATE.
3. It should be inexhaustible.
4. The maintenance should be a minimum.
5. It should be simple, quick, robust and reliable in action.
6. Kinetic ENERGY of the train be storage during braking which could be USED subsequently during acceleration of the train.

1. Rheostatic control
2. THYRISTOR control
3. Metaldyne control
4. BUCK and boost METHOD
5. Series parallel control
6. FIELD control