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A) Series circuits:

1. In a series circuit, electricity has only one path to flow through. 

2. All the electrical components are connected in this path. 

3. If any one of them is removed or is not functioning properly, the circuit will be incomplete.

B) Parallel circuits:

1. A parallel circuit has more than one path for the flow of electricity. 

2. Each bulb in the circuit is connected in a separate path through which electricity can flow.

Correct option is D) fuse

The correct answer is C) Switch.

Correct option is C) simple circut

1. In a series electric circuit, electricity has only one path to flow through. 

2. In series connection of bulbs, if one bulb fails, the circuit breaks and current do not flow in the circuit. 

3. So other bulbs in the series connection of bulbs do not glow’ and they go OFF.

The correct answer is D) Fuse.

Charging a conductor by bringing another charged conductor close to it without touching is called induction.

EXPERIMENT: TO DEMONSTRATE CHARGES ARE OF TWO KINDS: 

EXPERIMENT: Take two glass rods A and B and charge each by rubbing them with silk. Take two Ebonite rods C and D and charge each by rubbing with Fur or (flannel) suspend charged rod A by a thread in the stand. Bring charged rod B near A. 

A gets deflected (moves away) This show that A is repelled by B. Now suspend charged rod C in a stand and bring charged rod D ‘ near C. Again repulsion is seen. 

Now bring charged rod C near the suspended charged rod A. This time attraction is there between the two rods. 

This proves that charges are of two kinds A and B have same kind of r charge called +ve charge and similar charge repels each other whereas rods C and D also have similar charge (-ve charge) and repel each other. 

Rod A attracts rod C prove that opposite charges attract each other.

When a negatively charged body is brought closer to another negatively charged body, then they will show repulsion

When an ebonite rod is rubbed with fur, the rod acquires negative charge

1. It is because the electrons in the outermost orbit of the atoms in fur are loosely bound as compared to the ebonite rod. 

2. Ebonite rod has excess electrons which becomes negatively charged and the fur which has deficiency of electrons is positively charged.

In this circuit if we want Hot air to come out of the hair dryer then we will have to close both the switches R and S. 

If we want cold air then we need to close the switch S. This will cause only the fan to work and the heater will be OFF ans thus we’ll get cold air as an output.

Correct Answer is: (b) q = -2Q

The A + B capacitor and the C + B capacitor are in parallel. B is the negative plate for both.

(d) all of these

(c) electrons

1. True

2. True

3. True

4. True

5. False

Correct statement: In parallel circuit, voltage remains the same in all components.

(a) static electricity

1. gains 

2. coulomb 

3. neutral 

4. electrons 

5. positive 

6. Abraham Bennet 

7. Lightning 

8. upward 

9. 30,000 

10. Lightning’s

The terminal which is connected to a positive terminal of a battery is called anode

(d) Battery, Wire, Switch

1. Transfer of electron 

2. positive 

3. Lightning arrestor 

4. Electric fuse 

5. series circuit

Comb rubbed with hair gains electrons from the hair and becomes negatively charged. These electrons are accumulated on the surface of the comb. When a piece of paper is teared into bits, positive and negative charges are present at the edges of the bits. Negative charges in the comb attract positive charges in the bits. So, the paper bits are moving towards the comb

True An electrical appliances in a household circuit work at the same voltage.

The leaves of an electroscope diverge because when a glass rod is touched on the metal disc, the charge travels through the metal rod to the leaves. 

Since, like charge repel, the charge travels till the leaves and then open up as both the leaves have like charges.

Yes, the LED bulb glows. From this Activity we understood that liquids also conduct electricity.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

1. Huge, quantities of electricity are discharged in lightning flashes and temperatures of over 30,000°C or more. 

2. This extreme heat causes the air to expand explosively fast and then they contract. 

3. This expansion and contraction create a shock wave that turns into a booming sound wave known as thunder.

The two reasons for connecting the appliances in parallel are as follows.

1. Each appliance will be at same potential (voltage). 

2. If one of the appliances fails the other will still keep working. 

Given 

Voltage = 220V; 

Power = 1.5kW = 1500W 

(1kW = 1000W) 

Now P = VI 

⇒ I = \(\frac{P}V=\frac{1500}{220}=6.8\)

The current in the circuit is 6.8A 

Since the current in the circuit is more than the rating of the fuse (5A) the fuse will blow off.

A fuse of rating 10 A should be put off in the circuit

No, the bulb will not glow as pure water is an insulator.

1. We should remain in the covered area. 

2. we should not use wired telephones during lightning.

Heating effect of electric current.

Benjamin Franklin in 1752.

The possible reasons so that even at switch ‘ON’ position the bulb is not glowing are:

1. The cell may be discharge 

2. The bulb may be fused. 

3. The wire may be broken from inside 

4. The connection may be loose.

During lightning and thunder, we should avoid standing in ground and open spaces. You should make yourself as small as possible by squating. It is however safe to stay inside a car because the car acts as a shield and protects us from the electric field generated by the storm.

Button cells are used is wrist watches.

1. In the house every bulb should glow independently without depending upon the working condition of other bulbs. 

2. This is possible only with parallel connection. 

3. So electric bulbs or electric appliances are connected in parallel in household electric connections.

1. A dry cell is a portable form of a leclanche cell. 

2. It consists of zinc vessel which acts as a negative electrode or anode. 

3. The vessel contains a moist paste of saw dust saturated with a solution of ammonium chloride an chloride.

4. The ammonium chloride acts as an electrolyte. 

5. The purpose of zinc pide is to maintain the moistness of the paste being highly gyroscopic. 

6. The carbon rod covered with a brass cap is placed in the middle of the vessel. It acts as positive electrode or cathode. 

7. It is surrounded by a closely packed mixture of charcoal and manganese dioxide (MnO₂ ) in a muslin bag. 

8. Here MnO₂ acts as depolarizer. The zinc vessel is sealed at the top with pitch or shellac. 

9. A small hole is provided in it to allow the gases formed by the chemical action to escape.

10. The chemical action inside the cell is the same as in avalanche cell.

Lighting conductor will not work. It left hanging in the air because in order to work, it must be installed properly and grounded using copper plate.

Yes, the bulb is hot because electrical energy is transformed to heat energy. This is known as heating effect of electric current.

In telephones, a changing magnetic effect causes a thin sheet of metal (diaphragm) to vibrate. The diaphragm is made up a metal that can be attracted to magnets.

1. The diaphragm is attached to spring that is fixed to the earpiece. 

2. When a current flows through the wires, the soft – iron bar becomes an electromagnet. 

3. The diaphragm becomes attracted to the electromagnet. 

4. As the person on the other end of the line speaks, his voice cause the current in the circuit to change. This causes the diaphragm in the earpiece to vibrate, producing sound.

They are not the same.

1. The electric bulb in our house does not glow with dry cell. 

2. The electric bulb in our houses glows with the supply of A.C. at high voltage. 

3. Dry cell supplies only D.C. at a low voltage.

Description of a dry cell:

1. A dry cell consists of a container made up of zinc metal. 

2. The container also serves as the negative terminal in the centre. 

3. A carbon (graphite) rod with a metal cap serves as a positive terminal. 

4. The carbon rod is surrounded by a mixture of carbon particles and a chemical called ammonium chloride. 

5. The cell is sealed from the top. 

6. The dry cell can supply electric current in a circuit for a certain time. 

7. After that/its chemicals get exhausted and it cannot be used any more. 

8. Dry cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

1. A cell is a device used to generate electricity. 

2. It mainly consists of two components. 

i) Electrolyte : 

This is a chemical component that conducts the electricity. 

ii) Electrodes : 

There are two electrodes in a cell. One is positive electrode called anode and the other is negative electrode called cathode.

Explosure to electricity may result in no injury at all or may result in major damage or sometimes lead to death also.