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201.

A Practice Exercise for Relative Clauses: I met Ram. Ram gave me your message.

Answer»

SOLUTION :I MET RAM who GAVE me your MESSAGE.
Discussion
202.

Change the following sentences into Passive Voice. Do they speak French?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Is FRENCH SPOKEN by them?
Discussion
203.

Anil was asleep. A beam of moonlight stepped over the balcony and fell on the bed. I sat up on the floor, considering the situation. If I took the money, I could catch the 10.30 Express to Lucknow. Slipping out of the blanket, I crept up to the bed. Anil was sleeping peacefully. His face was clear and unlined, even I had more marks on my face, though mine were mostly scars.What was Anil doing when Hari crept up to his bed?

Answer»

Solution :HARI SLIPPED out of his BLANKET. He crept up to Anil.s bed. Anil was sleeping peacefully. It seemed that he was not at all aware of what Hari was going to do.
Discussion
204.

Anil was asleep. A beam of moonlight stepped over the balcony and fell on the bed. I sat up on the floor, considering the situation. If I took the money, I could catch the 10.30 Express to Lucknow. Slipping out of the blanket, I crept up to the bed. Anil was sleeping peacefully. His face was clear and unlined, even I had more marks on my face, though mine were mostly scars.Who was considering the situation and why?

Answer»

Solution :Hari sat on the floor MAKING the plan of stealing the money which Anil had PUT under the mattress. He wanted to catch the 10:30 Express to LUCKNOW if he SUCCEEDED in stealing the money.
Discussion
205.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 38. Emerson frames the philosophical struggle underlying the nation's conflict as one between

Answer»

geographica needs varsus international recognition
monetary concerns VERSUS POLITICAL considerations
traditional precedent versus moral necessity
skeptical QUESTIONING versus pious obedience.

Solution :To approach this question consider how emerson introduces the conflict of american civilization as the incompatibility between two" states of society under one law. " He, then makes the case that democracy has a responsiblily. Thet following the tradition of salvery is not the american bdstiny, and that" emancipation is the demandof civization . " hence, we can SAY that he frames the conflict between what is long. established and what is ETHICAL. (A) is incorrect because international relations are not thoroughly discussed. According to emerson, both aspects of (B) would be solved by emancipation.(d) uses details of emerson's argument, but does not condider the underlying aspects.
Discussion
206.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 36. As used in line 12, the word " stern " most closely means

Answer»

playful
terrifying
SERIOUS
pointless

Solution :According to lines 11-12 the state of the country induces' stern duties, " so serious is the correct choice. Acountry at war WOULD not connect to anytyhing piayful. (B) is too negative. Choice (D)would inaccurately INDICATE that what's at STAKE is aintless.
Discussion
207.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 34. Which option gives the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Answer»

Lines 20-25 ("But the … years" )
Lines 37-39 (" Our … RACE")
Lines 62-64 (" Thus …… Union")
Lines 69-72 ("It is …. Means" )

Solution :Lines 69-72 indicate that , for emerson, american democracy is not importan in and of itself, but only useful in ACHIEVING a bigger AIM. That aim, he contends, is MORALITY and in this specific instance, emancipation represents the moral choice. THEREFORE, these lines best express his overall attitude toward the role fo politics. (A) and (C) give detailed support for emancipation, while (B) suggests that america is a divine power's last chance at getting humanity right.
Discussion
208.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q)35. Lines 6-9 (" the boys .. complete" ) most clearly indicate that

Answer»

interests in childhood entertainment changed greatly
war led to a focus on the bare necessities
children became less INTERESTED in stimulation
emancipation was not a priority for the young

Solution :In the context of the first passage, these line SERVE t illustrate the effects of the civil war. We learn that the atmosphere is one of ANXIETY' and "stern duties. " Choice (B) is the only option that focuses on the MISFORTUNES of children as being CAUSED by the war.
Discussion
209.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 37. What is the purpose tof the question in lines 26-36?

Answer»

To rhetorically emphasize a need for action
To encourage raders intellectual curiosity
To CRITIQUE the REASONING given in the previous paragraph
To summarize the thoughts of Emerson's mentor

Solution :The questions in lines 26-36 rhetorically appeal to a sense of DUTY and justice associated with american democracy. Making choice (A) correct. Words in these lines like practical. Heroic. Action, and will emphazie the author's urgency. Choice (C0 is incorrect because the questions expand on the previous paragraph's resaoning rather than critque it And (B) and (D)are nonsensical because this dervice is REFLECTING on the application of democracy and calling for action, not arousing curiosity or summarizinganother's thoughts.
Discussion
210.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 39. Which option gives the best evidence for the answer to the previous question

Answer»

Lines 1-6 ("At this … times")
Lines 9-11 ("All …. Deferred" )
Lines 37-43 ("Our WHOLE.. People")
Lines 57-62 (" Now …. Laborers" )

Solution :Choices (A) and (B)INTRODUCE thenation'sstate of restless disillusionment. Choice (D) gives an example of how emancipation will solidify the north and South. None of these options provides evidence of a philosophical struggle framing the nations' decision. (C) is the onlyanswer that ADDRESSES how EMERSON understands the fundamental conflict an opportunity for morality that diverges from ' a literal SLAVISH folowing of precedents" - and thus, affirms the previous question.
Discussion
211.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q)41. What option best summarizesthe paragraph in lines 56-67?

Answer»

Emancipation will lead to the political dominance of European immigrants
Emancipation will ENSURE an equitable redistribution of INCOME acros the races
An end to slavery will cause the Southern constitution to be amended
An end to slavery will realign southern economic interests in favor of union.

Solution :To paraphrase LINES 55-56, emancipation will change southern culture in ways that will unify the nation thus (D) best captures this idea. Emerson only MENTIONS immigrant to argue that emancipation opens up labor options. Choice (B) is a distorted exaggeration. A southern constitution, as in (C) was never mentioned
Discussion
212.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 40. As used in line 40, the word " following' most closely means

Answer»

ENSUING
succeeding
resulting
obeying

Solution :Obeying is appropriate heresince emerson is arguing that a following of precedents, " or a repeating of history, isn't befitting of American civilzation. Ensuing MEANS " to happen as a result. " Succeeding refers to coming after something in TIME. LIKEWISE, resulting is a synonym of following that doesn't indicate a conforming to past TRADITION.
Discussion
213.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 33. What is emerson's overall attitude toward politics?

Answer»

its practice is his great passion
It is merely a means to an end
it takes on less importance in war
It will ultimately settle the question of slavery

Solution :This can BEST be seen in LINES 68-72 which state that political struggle is not the end but only the means. Thus, (B)is the correct choice. There is no evidence for choice (A) . Emerson would disagree with choice (C) ACCORDING to lines 1-2 Ad finally , as for (D)Emerson believes a moral GOVERNMENT would settle the question of slavery, but not necessarily any political body.
Discussion
214.

At this moment in America the aspects of political society absorb attention. In every house, form canda to the gulf, the children ask the serious father, -" What is the news of the war today and when will there be better times? The boys have no new clothers, no gifts, no juo0urneys, the girls must go without new bonnets, boys and girls find their education, this year, less liberal and complete. All the little hopes that heretofore made the year pleasant are deferred. the state of the country fills us with anxiety and stern duties. We have attempted to hold together two states of civilzation, a higher state, where labor and the tenure of land and the right of suffrage are democratical, and a lower state, in which the old military tenure of prisoners or slaves and of power and land in a few hands, makes an oligarchy, we have attempted to hold these two states of society under one law. But the rude and early state of society does not work well with the later nay, works badly and has poisoned politics, public morals and social intercourse in the Republic now for many years. the times put this question, Why cannot the best civilzation be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilization be extended over the whole country, since the disorder of the less civilized portion menaces the existence of the country Is this secular progres we have described, this evolution of man to the highest powers, only to giv ehim sensibility, and not to bring duties with it is he not to make his knowledge practical to stand and to withstand Is not civilzation heroic also is it not for action has it not a will america is another word for opportunity. Our whole history appears lke a last effort of the Divine providence onbehalf of the human race, and a literal slavish following of precedents, as by a justice of the peace, is not for those who at this hour lead te destinies of this people. the evil you contend with has taken alarmig proportions, and you still content yourself with parrying the blows it aims, but, as if enchanted abstain from striking at the cause. {..} Emancipation is the demand of civilization. That is a principle, everything else is an intrigue. This ais a progressive policy, puts the whole people in healthy, productive, amiable position, puts every man in the south in just and natural relations with every man in the north, laborer with laborer. the power of Emancipation is this, that if alters the atomic social constitution of the Southern people. Now their interest is in keeping out white labor, then, when they must pay wages, their interest wil by to let it in , to get the best labor, and , if they fear their lbacks, to inite irish, German and american laborers. Thus, whilst slavery makes and keeps disunion, emancipation removes the whole objection to union. Emancipation at one stroke elevates the poor white of the south, and identifies his interest with that of the northern laborer. [..] The end of all political struggle is to establish morlity as the basis of all legislation. It is not free institutions, tis not a epublic, tis not a democracy, that is the end, no, but only the means. Morality is the object of government. We want a state of things in which crime shall not pay . This is the consolation on which we rest in the darness of the future and the afflictions of today, that the government of the world is moral, and does forever destroy what is not. (Q) 32/ What is the general porpose of this passage

Answer»

To argue in favor of EMANCIPATION
to ILLUSTRATE the evils of slavery
to highlight the economic problems in the south
to articulate a comprehensive theory of morality

Solution :Emerson's purpose is to present support for emancipation as in (A) . While slavery is obviously related, this passage doesn't WORK to illustrate its evils as in (B) . Likewise, CHOICE (c) is a detail USED to argue for emancipation, but is not the objective. and finally, morality is the basis for Emancipation according to emerson, but again, is related to his general purpose as a thinker rather than the purpose of the passage itself.
Discussion
215.

Can you say which parts of India grow (i), tea, (ii) coffee ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :ASSAM and COORG.
Discussion
216.

Change the following sentences into Passive Voice. He has missed the train.

Answer»

SOLUTION :The TRAIN has been MISSED by him.
Discussion
217.

Bholi was a neglected child. Explain.

Answer»

SOLUTION :There were no new CLOTHES for Bholi and old dresses were passed on to her. Nobody cared for or MENDED her clothes. Her parents sent her to SCHOOL as they thought there was a little chance of her GETTING married.
Discussion
218.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: Eleanor Roosevelt was the First Lady because:

Answer»

She was very intelligent.
Her parents were wealthy
She WORKED during World WAR II.
Her HUSBAND was the President.

SOLUTION : Her husband was the President.
Discussion
219.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question:'She became her husband's legs and eyes' mean:

Answer»

She never CARED for her husband.
She did not ALLOW her husband to REMAIN in politics.
She had not LIKING for politics.
She shared her husband's RESPONSIBILITIES.

Solution :She shared her husband.s responsibilities.
Discussion
220.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: What is the correct order of the information given below?

Answer»

Eleanor Roosevelt was SENT to England.
Her husband was stricken with polio.
She was born to wealthy parents.
Her husband became Governor.

SOLUTION :(III), (i), (II), (iv)
Discussion
221.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: She took a great interest in ____

Answer»

SOLUTION :the AFFAIRS of the COUNTRY.
Discussion
222.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: What special contribution did she perform during World War II?

Answer»

She never cared for the soldiers.
She VISITED hospitals.
She wrote several ARTICLES.
She met soldiers in the CAMPS.

Solution :She met soldiers in the camps.
Discussion
223.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: "My Day" was:

Answer»

a FAMOUS newspaper.
pusblished from NEW york
published by eleanor roosevelt
a DAILY newspaper COLUMN.

Solution :a daily newspaper column
Discussion
224.

1. Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl growing up in New York City would one daybecome the First Lady of the United States. Even fewer thought she would become an authorand lecturer and a woman much admired and loved by people throughout the world.2. Born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to wealthy, but troubled parents who both died whileshe was young, Roosevelt was cared for by her grandmother and sent to school in England. In 1905, she married her distant cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her husband had six children. Although they were wealthy, her life was not easy and she suffered several personal tragedies. Her second son died when he was a baby. In 1921, her strong athletic husband wasstricken with polio, which left him physically disabled for life.3. Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who had great intelligence and tremendous strengthof character. She never let things get her down. She nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She then helped him to become Governor of NewYork, and in 1933, President of the United States. 4. While her husband was President, she took a great interest in all the affairs of the country.She became her husband's legs and eyes, she visited prisons and hospitals, she went down into mines, up scaffoldings and into factories. Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II ,she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world. The United States had never known a First Lady like her. 5. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called 'My Day'. She broadcast on the radio and delivered lectures, all first for a First Lady.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer the question: The side of her personality reflected in the passage:

Answer»

a WEAK woman with timid HEART
a remarkable woman with great intelligence and tremendous STRENGTH of character
a careless mother having no responsibility for family
a STRONG woman with SELFISH attitude

Solution : a remarkable woman with great intelligence and tremendous strength of character
Discussion
225.

A feature story ….................(a)………………… with an interesting ….................(b)…………………sentence called the 'lead', Your draft should include ….................(c)………………… events because readers enjoy ….................(d)………………… meaningful digressions. The conclusion should effectively bring your story to ….................(e)………………… close. ….................(f)…………………concluding you might generally confirm what is significant ….................(g)…………………your story. It is not very ….................(h)………………… to write a short story.

Answer»

ease
eased
easy
easily
Discussion
226.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again. 11. It is most reasonable to infer that the author believes the members of her readership think they are

Answer»

wealthier than their peers
above the INFLUENCE of advertising
more politically astute than their elders
destined to leave a great LEGACY t their offspring

Solution :lines 13-19 lines 47-50, and lines 63-65 all SUGGEST that the audience is unknow-ingly manipulated by advertising. The author appears to be speaking togeneral audience, rather than a financially elite one as in (A). Likewise, there is no indication of what the audience might feel towards their CHILDREN as in (D). (C ) can be te4mpting because the author states that the audience thinks they are less inclined to foolery than PREVIOUS generations. but not necessarily in regared to politics.
Discussion
227.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 12. What is the most likely reason that the author chose to begin the essay as she did rather than beginning with the second paragraph?

Answer»

TOhelp her READERS first understand the pitfalls fof advertising befor seeing its benefits
to give examples of terms used in context PRIOR to those same ters being defined
to provide a modern case study befor a DISCUSSION of HISTORICAL precedents
to build rapport with her readers before delving into a technical analysis

Solution :The author begins conversationally, hinting at all the aspects of culture that are influenced by advertising before moving into a detailed analysis of advertsing schemes. Rapport refers to a chlose relationship or a mutual understanding, making (D) correct. neither the benefits nor the HISTORY of advertising is thoroughly addressed. And (B0 is inaccurate because the terms are fefined before they are used in context.
Discussion
228.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 21. Which of the following modifications to the graph would makeit more helpful to a consulting firm advising clients from a wide range of industries as to how to best spend their advertising dollars?

Answer»

Giving a grater degree of precision in the presented results by reporting the factor peercentages to the nearest hundredth of a percent instead of a WHOLE percent
reporting the per CAPITA income le4vels of the persons SURVEYED
Adding a breakdown of the relative influence of the three factors with respect to general categories of products such as entertainment, finance, and consumer goods
Providing this same factor breakdown, but ding so with respect to different geographical regions

Solution :If a consulitng firm were advising a RAGE of indstries on advertising, it would be important that this graph be more specific to each particular industry. For instance, an entertainment firm might use these factors differentl than a corporate banking firm. Additionaly, psychological factors might influence an educational firm's consumers to a greater extent than a clothing firm's (C) is the only choice that addresses the graph's ambiguity toward different industries. Although precision is needed.(A) fails to giveany new information. (b) might be helful if the industries were targeting certain social classes, but there is no evidence for that. And (D) would only be helful if the indstries were targeting certain locations and if there was research to prive geography SIGNIFICANTLY alters a person's consumer behavior, both of which oare not supported.
Discussion
229.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 20. Which option gives the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Answer»

Lines 99-103(" For instance . . .Product")
Lines 103-106 ("psychology. . . CONSUMER" )
Lines 106-109 (" According . . . Feelings")
Lines 110-113 (" just … again")

SOLUTION :These lines give direct evidence of images that an advertisement might deploy when hoping to INFLUENCE consumers through affective conditioning choices (B) and (C ) refer to an authoritative source used by the author toillustrate the EFFECTS of affective conditioning, but do not DISCUSS how it works. And (D) is incorrect because it simply consludes the passage with a warning from the author.
Discussion
230.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 18. Accorig to the graph, coltural factors are approximately what percentage grater in their influence than the combination of personal and psychological factors.

Answer»

0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6

Solution :This is a percentage -of -change problem. To calculate percent change, you find the difference between the values and then divide by the original VALUE. Here, the combination of personal and PSYCHOLOGICAL factors makes up 40%, compared to the 60% of cultural factors. 60-40=20and 20 DIVIDED by the original 40% gives 0.5. this is equivalent to 50%.
Discussion
231.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 17. As used in line 61 , the wor4d mediums most closely means

Answer»

middles
ranges
methods
medians

Solution :Methods fits the MEANING best since this REFERS to other mechanisms USED for advertising. Choices (A) and (D) refer to " a midway point" while (B) MEANS a span, " or " thevariation between upper and lower limits or values.
Discussion
232.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 19. Based on the information in the graph and the passage, and advertiser wishing to effectively use affective conditioning would most likely show what sort of a scene to advertise a car?

Answer»

The car being driven by a faous celebrity through a beautiful seaside landscape
the car driver shown listening to educational programs on the car's satellite radio
Acar buyer looking at different car price tags and finding the one being advertised to tbe the cheapest
An ENGINEER of the cvar carefully describbing its unique desingn features

Solution :From the graph, we know that cultural factors are miost effective in persuading consumers. From the passage, lines 92-109, we know that affective conditioning associates positive feelings through appealing imagery with products. Therefore, we can ASSUMETHAT a car ADVERTISEMENT WOULD use feel -good, culturally relevant images to transfer those feelings to the car itself, making (A) correct. (D) is an example of logical persuasion rather than affective conditioning. And CHOICES (B) and (C ) fail to transfer feelingsthrough pleasant scenes.
Discussion
233.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 14. The author most strongly suggests that the overall attide that consumers should have towards advertising should be

Answer»

grateful
subconscious
distrustful
bellicose

Solution :Lines 110-113 serve as a warning to the readers to use caution and not to ASSUME they are unaffected. So distrustful is indicative of how the AUTHOR would advise consumers. (A)is too positive. (B0 RFERS to the PART of the mind one is not fully aware of, but does not describe an ATTITUDE. ((D) means aggressive or hostile, and is too extremely negative.
Discussion
234.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 13. As used in lines 1-6 , the words" hip[ster" boho, " and preppy most closely mean

Answer»

progressive youth
fashion subcultures
independent thinkers
unconventional labels

Solution :These words are used to denote fashion subcultures that the author uses to introduce the manifestations of EFFECTIVE advertising in a consumerist SOCIETY. They are not used to suggest a reformist agenda as in (A) or (C ) and the author is ACTUALLY implying that the labels are conventional, making (D) INCORRECT.
Discussion
235.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again 16. What is most likely the propose of lines 58-63 (" U. S ... ads" )?

Answer»

To explain the process by which advertising is creatd
To critique corporations for misleading unethical practices
to give concrete evidence to illustrate the IMPACT of advertising
to demonstrate instances when consumers FEEL consciously manipulated

Solution :Thisis a statistic intended to prove that advertising is PERVASIVE and successful, so (c)iscvorrect. The other options don'tconsider the context AROUND these lines in which the author tries to persuade the reader that advertising is effective despite common opinion that ONE isimmune to influence.
Discussion
236.

Ahbut you see my friend, I fail to be " hip- ster" without the checkered shirt, bow tie and skinny jeans My free-spirited best friend is only boho' with her headboand and fringe bag. And my preppy" sister is rarely seen without her bean boots and stroped cardigans. One day, I will drive a mercedes- Benz because, well why wouldn't I? and when all of my aspirations and the labels attached to them cause in me a grat migraine, I will take tylenol before stopping at the neighborhood starbucks for my daily mocha latte. you see where this is going because you are so perceptive and undoubtedly a millennial, known for your skepticism, freelings fo self- importance. and immunity to the pathetic propaganda that so easily tricked the previous generations. But are you immune to being tricked? you woould do well to study the following list of definitions before continuing. they were all found via a simple google search for the respective term. capitalism, and economic and political system in which a country's tr4ade and industry are controlled by private own- ers for profit, rather than by the state consumerism: a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition fo goods and services in ever increasing amounts propaganda, information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to influence and audience and further an agenda advertising the marketing communication used by compaines to persuade an audience to purchase their products and/ or servicesmere exposure. a psychological phenomenon in which people develop a preference for things through familiartiy7 affective conditioning the transfer of feelings from one set of items to another to encourage the public to associate a product with positivity certainly, you have ascended beyond the manipulation accompanying such ridiculous subculture labels as those mentioned above. You have seen it and heard it all. Advertising is all around yu: we live in a commercial world a capitalist economy with an unpar alleletd attachment to consumerism. But those sly little devils are far from bringing you to the dark side. Or so you think. Nobody wants to feel easily influenced. yet, I beg you to hear me out: advertsing is everywhere because it works. U. S companies spend an annual $70 billion in television ads, and this is before we take a look at other mediums of advertision like radios, magazines, website cookies, and even those terrible social media sponsored ads. The truth is we don'tlike to feel manipulated, but we are. advertising is by its nature a form of porpaganda in that it changes perceptions with limited information- it is neither objective nor complete.First, it informs the public of a producet's exist4nce (no harm in that , riht?) Next, it is meant build brand recongnition-as cons8kersl wewant to trust and recongze the names behind our products. Thirsd, advertisuct is somehow like you it says something about you: you can relate to the product and its other sonsumers. The world of advertising spends a lot of money and time developing strategies to accomplish these three goals. we will first look at logical persuasion, or the exposition of facts about products. This technique in itself is quite harmless. We cannot be informed consumers without information. Yet, I urge you to be skeptical of even the most straighforwaqrd advertision mere exposure is an effective tool in leaving lasting impression of the public. with your only basis as recongition, you would be suprised to see how quickly you choose one product over another, even at a higher cost. Perhps more danerous is the strategy of nonrational influence, in which advertising schemes circumvent consumers conscious awareness by depicting a fun or pleasant scene quite unrelated to the product itself. her, affecitve conditioning allows you to associate positive feelings with specfic products. For instance, a comercial might flash images of clorful flowers. sucnshine puppeies, etc, and even yaers later, your subconscious will recall the3se feel good" images when you spot that product. Psychology today found that this type of advertising lowers brain actvity and causes less restraint in the consumer. According to the study, you are 70-80% more likely to buy an inferior product when you have paired it with positive feelings just remember, my wary consumer, to use caution in a society of distoritin and illusion. Adertising can be subtle, but powerful. and if you think you are unaffected, think again. 15. Which option givs the best eviden e for the aqnswer th the previous question?

Answer»

Lines 1-9 ("Ah . . . Wouldn't I )
Lines 50-55(" advertising. . . Think")
Lines 85-91 (" Yet. .. COST")
Lines 97-103(Here . . . Product" )

Solution :In these lines, the author urges the reader to be SKEPTICAL of advertising giving clear evidence that one should not candidly trust whatever is said or depicted. (A) is a rhetorical device to apeal to the READERS. (B) merely STATES how ubiquitous advertising is . (D) is an appealing choice because it describes how a particular achem of advertising creates an ATTITUDE in a consumer, but the author would caution against this reaction
Discussion
237.

And Sulekha said in a voice that was calm and steady, “Don't you worry, Pitaji! In your old age I will serve you and Mother and I will teach in the same school where I learnt so much. Isn't that right, Ma’am?”The teacher had all along stood in a corner, watching the drama. “Yes, Bholi, of course,” she replied. And in her smiling eyes was the light of a deep satisfaction that an artist feels when contemplating the completion of her masterpiece.How did Bholi's teacher feel in the end?

Answer»

Solution :Bholi.s teacher was standing in a CORNER and watching the WHOLE drama. She agreed that Bholi would teach in the same school where she received her EDUCATION. She felt SATISFIED as her mission was going to be FULFILLED.
Discussion
238.

And Sulekha said in a voice that was calm and steady, “Don't you worry, Pitaji! In your old age I will serve you and Mother and I will teach in the same school where I learnt so much. Isn't that right, Ma’am?”The teacher had all along stood in a corner, watching the drama. “Yes, Bholi, of course,” she replied. And in her smiling eyes was the light of a deep satisfaction that an artist feels when contemplating the completion of her masterpiece.What did Sulekha (Bholi) assure her father?

Answer»

Solution : SULEKHA assured her father not to worry about her. She would SERVE her parents in their OLD AGE. She would teach in the same SCHOOL where she learnt so much.
Discussion
239.

Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech : He said, ''I will do it now''.

Answer»

SOLUTION :He SAID that he WOULD do it then.
Discussion
240.

Can you find other examples of poets taking liberties with language, either in English or in your own language(s)? Can you find examples of humorous poems in your own language(s)?

Answer»

Solution :Yes, poets generally TAKE LIBERTIES with language to create a special poetic effect. We call it a poetic LICENCE. For example, in the following lines the word .prest. is used instead of .pressed to create a rhyming effect so that .prest" may rhyme with the word .breast..
A TREE whose hungry mouth is prest
Against the earth.s sweet flowing breast.
Discussion
241.

But then I slowly saw that not only was I not free, but my brothers and sisters were also not free. I saw that it was not just my freedom that was curtailed, but the freedom of everyone who looked like I did. That is when I joined the African National Congress, and that is when the hunger for my own freedom became the greater hunger for the freedom of my people. It was this desire for the freedom of my people to live their lives with dignity and self-respect that animated my life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk. What transformed a frightened young man into a bold one?

Answer»

Solution :It was Mandela.s desire for the freedom of his people to live their LIVES with dignity and SELF respect that transformed him completely. It transformed a frightened LAW ABIDING YOUNG man to become a revolutionary.
Discussion
242.

But then I slowly saw that not only was I not free, but my brothers and sisters were also not free. I saw that it was not just my freedom that was curtailed, but the freedom of everyone who looked like I did. That is when I joined the African National Congress, and that is when the hunger for my own freedom became the greater hunger for the freedom of my people. It was this desire for the freedom of my people to live their lives with dignity and self-respect that animated my life, that transformed a frightened young man into a bold one, that drove a law-abiding attorney to become a criminal, that turned a family-loving husband into a man without a home, that forced a life-loving man to live like a monk. What did Mandela learn about himself and his people?

Answer»

Solution :As he grew in LIFE, Mandela slowly REALISED that not only was he not FREE, but his brothers and SISTERS and all the blacks were not free. Their freedom was CURTAILED by the oppressive regime in South Africa.
Discussion
243.

Can a novice distinguish among wild animals? How can hyenas be distinguished from crocodiles?

Answer»

SOLUTION :It is very difficult for a novice to distinguish among wild ANIMALS. He can be EASILY confused. But it is very easy to distinguish between crocodiles and hyenas. Hyenas come with merry smiles. Crocodiles can be RECOGNISED by the tears in their eyes. But their APPEARANCE is always deceptive.
Discussion
244.

1. Obesity-linked "adult on-set” diabetes mellitus is for the first time being reported in childrenand adolescents in the UK and many other countries. A 1986 landmark study of obesity and television viewing found a clear association between the number of hours of television a childwatched and the risk of that child becoming obese or over-weight.2. In 12 to 17-year-olds, the prevalence of obesity increases by two per cent for every hour of weekly television time. A more recent study found that, while eight per cent of children watching one hour or less of television a day were obese, 18 per cent of children watching four or more hours were obese. 3. The more children watch television, the more they eat. (By comparison, even reading is a workout, at least in studies that have been done with obese children, perhaps because it engages their minds a bit more emphatically.) Television viewing prompts children to consume morefood while they consume less energy, an ideal recipe for adiposity.4. When children dictate family food choices, as is increasingly the case in the US, entire households are immersed in a miasma of one-dimensional sweet taste that reinforces juvenile preferences. Marketing of soft, sweet and salty foods is good business, and children are themost vulnerable targets.5. Childhood obesity rates are highest in countries where advertising on children's televisionprogrammes is least regulated - in Australia, the US and England. Sweden and Norway maintain a virtual ban on advertising to children, and have consistently low levels of childhood obesity. Ireland, Belgium, Italy and Denmark pose restrictions on children's advertising and are pressingthe other states of the European Union to do the same.6. The US and other countries can afford to do no less. Public nutrition campaigns should go beyond vague recommendations to exercise and eat a balanced diet: the link between inactivity, junk food consumption and obesity should be made explicit. The food industry will lobby against these efforts, of course, claiming that they constitute “legislation of food choices”.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer thequestions:Obesity and diabetes have:

Answer»

an INDIRECT RELATION
a DIRECT relation
no relation at all
some relation

Solution :a direct relation
Discussion
245.

1. Obesity-linked "adult on-set” diabetes mellitus is for the first time being reported in childrenand adolescents in the UK and many other countries. A 1986 landmark study of obesity and television viewing found a clear association between the number of hours of television a childwatched and the risk of that child becoming obese or over-weight.2. In 12 to 17-year-olds, the prevalence of obesity increases by two per cent for every hour of weekly television time. A more recent study found that, while eight per cent of children watching one hour or less of television a day were obese, 18 per cent of children watching four or more hours were obese. 3. The more children watch television, the more they eat. (By comparison, even reading is a workout, at least in studies that have been done with obese children, perhaps because it engages their minds a bit more emphatically.) Television viewing prompts children to consume morefood while they consume less energy, an ideal recipe for adiposity.4. When children dictate family food choices, as is increasingly the case in the US, entire households are immersed in a miasma of one-dimensional sweet taste that reinforces juvenile preferences. Marketing of soft, sweet and salty foods is good business, and children are themost vulnerable targets.5. Childhood obesity rates are highest in countries where advertising on children's televisionprogrammes is least regulated - in Australia, the US and England. Sweden and Norway maintain a virtual ban on advertising to children, and have consistently low levels of childhood obesity. Ireland, Belgium, Italy and Denmark pose restrictions on children's advertising and are pressingthe other states of the European Union to do the same.6. The US and other countries can afford to do no less. Public nutrition campaigns should go beyond vague recommendations to exercise and eat a balanced diet: the link between inactivity, junk food consumption and obesity should be made explicit. The food industry will lobby against these efforts, of course, claiming that they constitute “legislation of food choices”.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer thequestions: The most appropriate heading to the whole passage is:

Answer»

OBESITY
PUBLIC NUTRITIONS
CHILDREN NUTRITION
Obesity in children

Solution :Obesity in Children
Discussion
246.

1. Obesity-linked "adult on-set” diabetes mellitus is for the first time being reported in childrenand adolescents in the UK and many other countries. A 1986 landmark study of obesity and television viewing found a clear association between the number of hours of television a childwatched and the risk of that child becoming obese or over-weight.2. In 12 to 17-year-olds, the prevalence of obesity increases by two per cent for every hour of weekly television time. A more recent study found that, while eight per cent of children watching one hour or less of television a day were obese, 18 per cent of children watching four or more hours were obese. 3. The more children watch television, the more they eat. (By comparison, even reading is a workout, at least in studies that have been done with obese children, perhaps because it engages their minds a bit more emphatically.) Television viewing prompts children to consume morefood while they consume less energy, an ideal recipe for adiposity.4. When children dictate family food choices, as is increasingly the case in the US, entire households are immersed in a miasma of one-dimensional sweet taste that reinforces juvenile preferences. Marketing of soft, sweet and salty foods is good business, and children are themost vulnerable targets.5. Childhood obesity rates are highest in countries where advertising on children's televisionprogrammes is least regulated - in Australia, the US and England. Sweden and Norway maintain a virtual ban on advertising to children, and have consistently low levels of childhood obesity. Ireland, Belgium, Italy and Denmark pose restrictions on children's advertising and are pressingthe other states of the European Union to do the same.6. The US and other countries can afford to do no less. Public nutrition campaigns should go beyond vague recommendations to exercise and eat a balanced diet: the link between inactivity, junk food consumption and obesity should be made explicit. The food industry will lobby against these efforts, of course, claiming that they constitute “legislation of food choices”.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer thequestions:Obesity has a direct relationship with:

Answer»

a SEDENTARY LIFE
an inactive life
television VIEWING
movies

Solution :television viewing
Discussion
247.

1. Obesity-linked "adult on-set” diabetes mellitus is for the first time being reported in childrenand adolescents in the UK and many other countries. A 1986 landmark study of obesity and television viewing found a clear association between the number of hours of television a childwatched and the risk of that child becoming obese or over-weight.2. In 12 to 17-year-olds, the prevalence of obesity increases by two per cent for every hour of weekly television time. A more recent study found that, while eight per cent of children watching one hour or less of television a day were obese, 18 per cent of children watching four or more hours were obese. 3. The more children watch television, the more they eat. (By comparison, even reading is a workout, at least in studies that have been done with obese children, perhaps because it engages their minds a bit more emphatically.) Television viewing prompts children to consume morefood while they consume less energy, an ideal recipe for adiposity.4. When children dictate family food choices, as is increasingly the case in the US, entire households are immersed in a miasma of one-dimensional sweet taste that reinforces juvenile preferences. Marketing of soft, sweet and salty foods is good business, and children are themost vulnerable targets.5. Childhood obesity rates are highest in countries where advertising on children's televisionprogrammes is least regulated - in Australia, the US and England. Sweden and Norway maintain a virtual ban on advertising to children, and have consistently low levels of childhood obesity. Ireland, Belgium, Italy and Denmark pose restrictions on children's advertising and are pressingthe other states of the European Union to do the same.6. The US and other countries can afford to do no less. Public nutrition campaigns should go beyond vague recommendations to exercise and eat a balanced diet: the link between inactivity, junk food consumption and obesity should be made explicit. The food industry will lobby against these efforts, of course, claiming that they constitute “legislation of food choices”.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer thequestions:The more children watch television, the more:

Answer»

they become dullards
they GET EDUCATED
they learn NEW THINGS
they EAT

Solution : they eat
Discussion
248.

1. Obesity-linked "adult on-set” diabetes mellitus is for the first time being reported in childrenand adolescents in the UK and many other countries. A 1986 landmark study of obesity and television viewing found a clear association between the number of hours of television a childwatched and the risk of that child becoming obese or over-weight.2. In 12 to 17-year-olds, the prevalence of obesity increases by two per cent for every hour of weekly television time. A more recent study found that, while eight per cent of children watching one hour or less of television a day were obese, 18 per cent of children watching four or more hours were obese. 3. The more children watch television, the more they eat. (By comparison, even reading is a workout, at least in studies that have been done with obese children, perhaps because it engages their minds a bit more emphatically.) Television viewing prompts children to consume morefood while they consume less energy, an ideal recipe for adiposity.4. When children dictate family food choices, as is increasingly the case in the US, entire households are immersed in a miasma of one-dimensional sweet taste that reinforces juvenile preferences. Marketing of soft, sweet and salty foods is good business, and children are themost vulnerable targets.5. Childhood obesity rates are highest in countries where advertising on children's televisionprogrammes is least regulated - in Australia, the US and England. Sweden and Norway maintain a virtual ban on advertising to children, and have consistently low levels of childhood obesity. Ireland, Belgium, Italy and Denmark pose restrictions on children's advertising and are pressingthe other states of the European Union to do the same.6. The US and other countries can afford to do no less. Public nutrition campaigns should go beyond vague recommendations to exercise and eat a balanced diet: the link between inactivity, junk food consumption and obesity should be made explicit. The food industry will lobby against these efforts, of course, claiming that they constitute “legislation of food choices”.On the basis of your reading of the above passage answer thequestions: Which country is trying to put restrictions on children's advertising?

Answer»

US
ENGLAND
AUSTRALIA
DENMARK

SOLUTION :Denmark
Discussion
249.

After she put a whoopee cushion under his seat at dinner, Joey set up a prank to exact his revenge on his older sister. It was time for her to feel embarrassed.

Answer»

avenge
impose his retribution
enact his cruelty
tit for tat

Solution :(B) This line says "Joey set up a prank to EXACT his revenge on his older sister,"so the closest meaning for the UNDERLINED PORTION is (B). (A) is "to inflict harm on behalf of,"so it would only be approriate to say,"Joey set out to avenge himself." (C ) adds assumption, namely that Joey is cruel. (D) is a SLANG term for revenge, but it isn't precise to say "tit for tat on his older sister."
Discussion
250.

Alternative Splicing with James Watson and Francis Crick's landmark article on the double helical structure of DNA now more than a half-century old, the sheer volume of knowledge we have since amassed regarding the regulation and expression of genetic material is staggering, and continues to expand daily. Yet for all that has been accomplished in the study of genetics, there comes now and again a discovery to underscore just how many mysteries we have yet to unravel. Historically, we have defined a gene as a region of DNA responsible for encoding and regulating the expression of a discrete, heritable trait. The use of regulating here is of no small importance, as the protein-coding sequence itself represents only a fraction of the DNA contained within a given gene. A "promoter" region, for instance, does not directly contribute to the mRNA transcript, but instead provides binding sites for transcription factor proteins, and functions as sort of an "on" or "off" switch for the expression of the gene's corresponding trait. Similarly, "silencer" and "enhancer regions can also bind regulatory proteins, and help to fine-tune the precise degree to which a gene will be expressed under various circumstances and in response to varying stimuli. However, perhaps the most implicitly fascinating non-coding regions of DNA are those embedded within the protein-coding region itself. During transcription, nucleotides are polymerized into a strand of mRNA whose sequence is complementary to that of the template DNA. This "pre-mRNA" typically contains several regions of non-coding material, or "introns," that must be excised prior to translation of the protein-coding regions, which are referred to as "exons." In a complex process known as splicing, the introns are removed and degraded, while the adjacent ends of exons are adjoined, and trafficked out of the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum, where protein synthesis can at last begin. Predictably, mutations that affect a gene's splicing pattern may precipitate severe functional impairments to its encoded protein, and some studies have estimated that as many as half of all disease-causing mutations in humans-including those responsible for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and certain forms of cystic fibrosis are ultimately a result of altered splicing. Furthermore, an increasing body of research has also reported patterns of altered splicing in a wide variety of cancer cells, though it remains to be seen as to whether these changes contribute to oncogenesis, or are simply symptomatic of dysregulated growth. With such grim potential for genetic misstep, one might wonder how evolution could have ever favored the development of such a precarious and seemingly superfluous system of gene expression in the first place. The answer to this lies in the fact that alternative splicing patterns are not exclusively pathological, but can and do occur under physiological circumstances as well. That is to say, through tightly controlled Changes to the differential removal of introns and retention of exons, two identical strands of pre-mRNA can, ultimately, code for two entirely different proteins. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, or CGRP, was among the first proteins identified as a product of physiological alternative splicing. Whereas calcitonin is a well-known hormone produced by the medullary cells of the thyroid gland, and is involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood, CGRP is believed to mediate pain sensations within central and peripheral neurons. Despite their unique structures and vastly differing functions, both proteins are nonetheless encoded by the same gene. The discovery of physiological alternative splicing came as a challenge to our traditional understanding of genes, which held that each coding region was responsible for the expression of a single protein. Today, of course, we know this line of thought to be an elegant but erroneous oversimplification. Scientists have demonstrated that the vast majority of animal genes participate in alternative splicing to one extent or another, far from a mere biochemical curiosity, it is a vital biological strategy to maximize the economy of genetic material, which must be laboriously reproduced with each cell division, while maintaining an immense diversity in the protein-encoding capacity of a genome. In an extreme example, the genome of the insect species Drosophila melanogaster contains about 15,000 genes. Yet, through alternative splicing, one single D melanogaster gene-known as DSCAM--has been shown to encode about 38,000 different proteins. What is the overall purpose of this passage?

Answer»

to make an argument
to INTRODUCE a topic
to PRESENT opposing views
to GIVE medical advice

Solution :This PASSAGE is explanatory and INFORMATIVE, but fails to argue or give medical advice. The author does compare historical scientific paradigms to more recent discoveries, but these are not opposing so much as replacing the outdated beliefs.
Discussion