InterviewSolution
Saved Bookmarks
InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 51. |
1. Academics has always been an essential part of human development. It prepares us to survive in the outside world and establish an identity of our own. But, is an individual’s development restricted to merely academics? In India, from an early age, we have been taught that education is limited to the boundaries of academics only, the idea of getting out into the field, for gaining practical experience, is always considered a hoax. This has hindered students’ development. But, the truth is that education represents a considerably broader field than we know of it. Our teaching, from the basics, has been focused on getting good grades and job offers, rather than being creative and unique.2. In the 21stcentury, the pure academic type of education is slowly paving way for a whole new type. The paradigm shift in the whole education system is evident. People have now come to understand that education is a 360 degree activity that should focus on students’ overall development, rather than restricting him/her to the classroom.3. Co-curricular activities that take place outside the classroom but reinforce or supplement classroom curriculum, in some way, have become a point of focus today. These activities help in the growth of the child, in more than one way. Participating in such activities helps youngsters grow mentally, socially and individually. Intellectual development of a student is developed in the classroom, but for the aesthetic development such as team- building, character- building, and physical growth, students must step out into the outside world. For instance, if a student is a part of school football team, he/ she will learn team- work and coordination, in a practical manner, which cannot be taught in the class.4. Similarly, in colleges and institutions, there is a need for practical exposure so that the students can experience the actual working of an industry. For example, taking a student to a manufacturing firm will give him/ her the real insight and better learning of the industry. Catering to this change, most professional colleges including B- schools, have started providing practical exposure to students through regular guest lectures, industrial visits, conferences, seminars, cultural festivals, and so on. With industry visits, students are able to better identify their prospective areas of work in the overall organizational function. Moreover, they help enhance interpersonal skills and communication techniques. In addition, guest lectures are equally important for all – round development of students. It is a great way for students to gain maximum exposure, as guest speakers talk about their real- life experiences and not what is there in the text books.5. Through such events, students are made to participate and coordinate different events wherein, they get to know how exactly things are managed. Classroom teaching provides the foundation, and co-curricular or extra- curricular activities provide practical exposure and opportunities to implement what students learn in the classroom. This helps in developing the overall personality of the students, inculcating various soft – skills in them, which otherwise are difficult to teach. Clearly, life beyond academics creates creative and empowered professionals. (507 Words) Life beyond academics facilitates |
|
Answer» ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS |
|
| 52. |
1. Academics has always been an essential part of human development. It prepares us to survive in the outside world and establish an identity of our own. But, is an individual’s development restricted to merely academics? In India, from an early age, we have been taught that education is limited to the boundaries of academics only, the idea of getting out into the field, for gaining practical experience, is always considered a hoax. This has hindered students’ development. But, the truth is that education represents a considerably broader field than we know of it. Our teaching, from the basics, has been focused on getting good grades and job offers, rather than being creative and unique.2. In the 21stcentury, the pure academic type of education is slowly paving way for a whole new type. The paradigm shift in the whole education system is evident. People have now come to understand that education is a 360 degree activity that should focus on students’ overall development, rather than restricting him/her to the classroom.3. Co-curricular activities that take place outside the classroom but reinforce or supplement classroom curriculum, in some way, have become a point of focus today. These activities help in the growth of the child, in more than one way. Participating in such activities helps youngsters grow mentally, socially and individually. Intellectual development of a student is developed in the classroom, but for the aesthetic development such as team- building, character- building, and physical growth, students must step out into the outside world. For instance, if a student is a part of school football team, he/ she will learn team- work and coordination, in a practical manner, which cannot be taught in the class.4. Similarly, in colleges and institutions, there is a need for practical exposure so that the students can experience the actual working of an industry. For example, taking a student to a manufacturing firm will give him/ her the real insight and better learning of the industry. Catering to this change, most professional colleges including B- schools, have started providing practical exposure to students through regular guest lectures, industrial visits, conferences, seminars, cultural festivals, and so on. With industry visits, students are able to better identify their prospective areas of work in the overall organizational function. Moreover, they help enhance interpersonal skills and communication techniques. In addition, guest lectures are equally important for all – round development of students. It is a great way for students to gain maximum exposure, as guest speakers talk about their real- life experiences and not what is there in the text books.5. Through such events, students are made to participate and coordinate different events wherein, they get to know how exactly things are managed. Classroom teaching provides the foundation, and co-curricular or extra- curricular activities provide practical exposure and opportunities to implement what students learn in the classroom. This helps in developing the overall personality of the students, inculcating various soft – skills in them, which otherwise are difficult to teach. Clearly, life beyond academics creates creative and empowered professionals. (507 Words) (a). From earlier times what has not been the focus of education? i. untrue (Para 1) ii. cooperative effort (Para 3) |
| Answer» SOLUTION :i. HOAX II. COORDINATION | |
| 53. |
Charge is |
|
Answer» transferable |
|
| 54. |
And then they came to its massive trunk Fifty men with axes chopped and chopped The great tree revealed its rings of two hundred years We watched in terror and fascination this slaughter As a raw mythology revealed to us its age Soon afterwards we left Baroda for Bombay Where there are no trees except the one Which grows and seethes in one's dreams, its aerial roots Looking for ground to strike. Give an example of 'Repetition' from the extract. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :EXAMPLE of 'repetition' : ''CHOPPED and chopped.'' | |
| 55. |
And then they came to its massive trunk Fifty men with axes chopped and chopped The great tree revealed its rings of two hundred years We watched in terror and fascination this slaughter As a raw mythology revealed to us its age Soon afterwards we left Baroda for Bombay Where there are no trees except the one Which grows and seethes in one's dreams, its aerial roots Looking for ground to strike. The poem has picturesque expressions. They make the poem lively. Pick out such expressions from the extract. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :MASSIVE TRUNK, AERIAL ROOTS | |
| 56. |
And then they came to its massive trunk Fifty men with axes chopped and chopped The great tree revealed its rings of two hundred years We watched in terror and fascination this slaughter As a raw mythology revealed to us its age Soon afterwards we left Baroda for Bombay Where there are no trees except the one Which grows and seethes in one's dreams, its aerial roots Looking for ground to strike. What did the rings of the trunk of the tree reveal about its age ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The rings of the trunk of the tree REVEALED that it was two hundred years OLD. | |
| 57. |
And then they came to its massive trunk Fifty men with axes chopped and chopped The great tree revealed its rings of two hundred years We watched in terror and fascination this slaughter As a raw mythology revealed to us its age Soon afterwards we left Baroda for Bombay Where there are no trees except the one Which grows and seethes in one's dreams, its aerial roots Looking for ground to strike. According to you, how do trees help the manking ? |
| Answer» Solution :ACCORDING to me, trees are of great help to the makind. They PROVIDE US fruits, medicines, shelter, herbs, etc. We also USE trees' timber to build our houses. | |
| 58. |
an activity designed to give pleasure. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ENTERTAINMENT | |
| 59. |
Author has used gentle and subtle humour to point out human foibles and idiosyncrasies in the lesson ' Poets and Pancakes'. Elucidate. |
| Answer» Solution : Exposes Robert Clive’s ambitions and his RESTLESS nature.Office boy’s boasting and bragging about his talent is brought out.Legal ADVISER is known as the opposite.Use of pancake –ostensibly to cover the pores.Team of makeup artists is referred to as ‘gang of nationally integrated make up men'who could turn any decent LOOKING person into a hideous crimson hued monster.Strict hierarchy.Commenting on Subbu’s EXPOSURE to affluent situations. He ridicules his virtue- the virtue of being a Brahmin. His inefficiency is POINTED out subtly with a comment ' he always had work for somebody' . The rapidity with which Subbu offered his Boss alternatives when he got stuck up is very amusing.Pokes fun at the ignorance of all the people .People did not know who was Stephen Spenders and why had he arrived.10 | |
| 60. |
A college in yourarea is well-know for its innovtiveacademic activities. Imagine you are a newspaper reporter and assigned to take the interview of the Principal. Frame a set of at least 8 questions regarding Teachers' Motivation, Students' Discipline, Academic Excellence, Extra Curricular Activities, etc. |
|
Answer» Solution :The question thatwe may ask are as follows: Teacher'sMotivation: Beingthe principalof the COLLEGE, whatdo youconsider to be a goodteacher and how do you make sure teachers arelivingup toyourexpections? Howwill you are staff evalation as a tool in order to help teachers and support staff develop newconpetencies and motivate them ? STUDENT's Discipline : Whatis yourphilosophy of discipline? Whatstudents' outcomes do you expect form a school's disipline plan ? Academic Excellence: As the PRINCIPAL, howcouldyou create a culture ofacademicexcellence ina school? . Breifly describecurrentcurriculm DEVELOPMENTS all the middle school level thatyou are excitedabout. Extra Curricular Activities : Whatextra curricular activites wouldyou liketo beinvolved in ? Recently, charngeswere madein theathleticprogramme to address systemicissues in theathleticprogrammes. Whatspecifically would you do , orpropose, to takethis newapproach to a higher level ? |
|
| 61. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Co-education is a system of education where boys and girls study together. In a country as conservative as India, co-education helps boys and girls break popular misconceptions existing between both since time immemorial. Co-education encourages familiarity between boys and girls and they start breaking misconceptions about each other. Their general outlook changes and they develop a healthy, normal relationship with more mature personalities. There is no discrimination based on sex. It has often been seen that students who come from a co-educational background are better communicators than students who study in same-sex institutions. Co-education also helps students in their later life when they become professionals and interact with the opposite sex. As these boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are devoid of a narrow mentality. It is essential to have more co-educational institutions to nurture good, normal, healthy citizens who in turn can help remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. Co-education can also reduce eve-teasing, ragging, rape and other crimes against women. With more under-standing, mutual respect is developed and the mind is free of any unsavoury thoughts. Thinking maturity comes at an early age and goes a long way in developing well-rounded personalities in both. What needs to be done immediately nation-wide is to introduce co-education right from primary school. At this stage itself, parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance between education and moral values. What measures are suggested for the effective implementation of co-education |
| Answer» Solution :For effective implementation of co-EDUCATION, it should be introduced nation-wide right from PRIMARY school. At this STAGE, parents and teachers should take precautions to ensure a PROPER balance between education and moral VALUES | |
| 62. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Co-education is a system of education where boys and girls study together. In a country as conservative as India, co-education helps boys and girls break popular misconceptions existing between both since time immemorial. Co-education encourages familiarity between boys and girls and they start breaking misconceptions about each other. Their general outlook changes and they develop a healthy, normal relationship with more mature personalities. There is no discrimination based on sex. It has often been seen that students who come from a co-educational background are better communicators than students who study in same-sex institutions. Co-education also helps students in their later life when they become professionals and interact with the opposite sex. As these boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are devoid of a narrow mentality. It is essential to have more co-educational institutions to nurture good, normal, healthy citizens who in turn can help remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. Co-education can also reduce eve-teasing, ragging, rape and other crimes against women. With more under-standing, mutual respect is developed and the mind is free of any unsavoury thoughts. Thinking maturity comes at an early age and goes a long way in developing well-rounded personalities in both. What needs to be done immediately nation-wide is to introduce co-education right from primary school. At this stage itself, parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance between education and moral values. Enlist positive effects of co-education on boys and girl |
|
Answer» Solution :The positive EFFECTS of co-education are as FOLLOWS (i) Boys and girls develop a healthy and normal relationship. They are better communicators. (iii) These boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are devoid of a narrow mentality. (iv) Co-education can also reduce eve-teasing, RAGGING, rape and other crimes against WOMEN. |
|
| 63. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Co-education is a system of education where boys and girls study together. In a country as conservative as India, co-education helps boys and girls break popular misconceptions existing between both since time immemorial. Co-education encourages familiarity between boys and girls and they start breaking misconceptions about each other. Their general outlook changes and they develop a healthy, normal relationship with more mature personalities. There is no discrimination based on sex. It has often been seen that students who come from a co-educational background are better communicators than students who study in same-sex institutions. Co-education also helps students in their later life when they become professionals and interact with the opposite sex. As these boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are devoid of a narrow mentality. It is essential to have more co-educational institutions to nurture good, normal, healthy citizens who in turn can help remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. Co-education can also reduce eve-teasing, ragging, rape and other crimes against women. With more under-standing, mutual respect is developed and the mind is free of any unsavoury thoughts. Thinking maturity comes at an early age and goes a long way in developing well-rounded personalities in both. What needs to be done immediately nation-wide is to introduce co-education right from primary school. At this stage itself, parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance between education and moral values. According to you, what facilities should be given to women at their work-places |
|
Answer» Solution :Women should be GIVEN pick-up and DROP service. (ii) They should be given full PAID maternity leave. (iii) Women should be given full protection from physical and sexual harassment. (iv) Special cabin or room MUST be there in every office to FEED their babies. |
|
| 64. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Co-education is a system of education where boys and girls study together. In a country as conservative as India, co-education helps boys and girls break popular misconceptions existing between both since time immemorial. Co-education encourages familiarity between boys and girls and they start breaking misconceptions about each other. Their general outlook changes and they develop a healthy, normal relationship with more mature personalities. There is no discrimination based on sex. It has often been seen that students who come from a co-educational background are better communicators than students who study in same-sex institutions. Co-education also helps students in their later life when they become professionals and interact with the opposite sex. As these boys and girls lose their shyness, they develop a broader outlook and are devoid of a narrow mentality. It is essential to have more co-educational institutions to nurture good, normal, healthy citizens who in turn can help remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. Co-education can also reduce eve-teasing, ragging, rape and other crimes against women. With more under-standing, mutual respect is developed and the mind is free of any unsavoury thoughts. Thinking maturity comes at an early age and goes a long way in developing well-rounded personalities in both. What needs to be done immediately nation-wide is to introduce co-education right from primary school. At this stage itself, parents and teachers should take precautions in ensuring a proper balance between education and moral values. What is the writer's view about removing the social evils against women |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The WRITER stands in favour of co-cducation in a CONSERVATIVE country like India. He also EMPHASIZES the need to have more co-educational institutions to nurture GOOD, normal, healthy citizens who in turn can help to remove social evils like dowry through joint efforts. | |
| 65. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? |
|
Answer» red, |
|
| 66. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. Which choice most effectively completes the explanation of a possible origin of the lion dance? |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choice A is incorrect because it doesn’t make a connection between the fierce quality of a lion and scaring away spirits. Choices B and D are incorrect because the name of the spirit (choice B) and the location of the village where the dance originated (choice D) are not as important as why a lion was incorporated into the dance. |
|
| 67. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. Which choice most effectively concludes the paragraph? |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they don’t effectively bring the paragraph to a conclusion. Each of these options is vague and calls for ELABORATION: choice A lacks specific information, choice B lacks proof for the idea of IRRELEVANCE, and choice D lacks a connection to the subject of the paragraph. |
|
| 68. |
निम्न मे से किसका जीवनकाल सबसे लंबा होता है |
|
Answer» बरगद का पेड़ |
|
| 69. |
निम्न मे से कौन सा कथन सही है ? |
|
Answer» एक सपिशिज के सभी जीवों का जीवनकाल समान होता है |
|
| 70. |
After having slept for an hour , decidedto goout into thecityand tryto findhiscontact,afterchanging hissuitchanginghiscareffullylockedhis room and steppedout of the hotel,Noone wasaround . But he had walkedonlyfor a fewminuteswhenitsuddenly 55. (a) felt/(b) occurred /( c) happened to him thathe wasbeing 56.(a) followed/(b) shot/(c ) lookedby someone , therewas really no 57.(a) reason /(b) cause /( c)evidencefor it excepta very slight58. .(a)weight /(b) sound /(c )hurting. offootsteps he wasnow walking59.(a) from /(b) down /(c ) overthe mainstreet , whichwascrowded60. (a) with /(b) by /(c )inpeople .Hebecomeextremely aware of thedanger ofpeoplethreating him. |
|
Answer» |
|
| 71. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed |
|
Answer» where it is now. |
|
| 72. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. Which choice provides information that is most consistent in style and content with the information about the symbolism of the tortoise? |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choice A is incorrect because the parenthetical information indicates what a phoenix is, not what it represents. Furthermore, the information is not presented in a prepositional phrase. Choice C is incorrect because this choice indicates the SOURCE of the phoenix, not what it represents. Choice D is incorrect because it is vague and doesn’t identify what the phoenix symbolizes. |
|
| 73. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE |
|
| 74. |
A Lion’s Share of Luck It’s the beginning of February, and as they do every year, thousands of people line H Street, the heart of Chinatown in Washington, DC. The crowd has gathered to celebrate Lunar New Year. The street is a sea of 12 ul"red. Red" is the traditional Chinese color of luck and happiness. Buildings are 13 ul"draped with festive, red, banners," and garlands. Lampposts are strung with crimson paper lanterns, which bob in the crisp winter breeze. The eager spectators await the highlight of the New Year parade: the lion dance. Experts agree that the lion dance originated in the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), however, there is little agreement about the dance’s original purpose. Some evidence suggests that the earliest version of the dance was an attempt to ward off an evil spirit, 14 ul"lions are obviously very fierce". Another theory is that an emperor, upon waking from a dream about a lion, hired an artist to choreograph the dance. 15 ul"The current function of the dance is celebration." The lion dance requires the strength, grace, and coordination of two dancers, 16 ul"both of whom" are almost completely hidden by the elaborate bamboo and papier-mâché lion costume that they maneuver. One person operates the lion’s head as the other guides the torso and tail. Many of the moves in the dance, such as jumps, rolls, and kicks, are similar to 17 ul"martial arts and acrobatics". The dancers must be synchronized with the music accompanying the dance—drums, cymbals, and gongs that supply the lion’s roar—as well as with each other. [1] While there are many regional variations of the lion dance costume, all make extensive use of symbols and colors. [2] The lion’s head is often adorned with a phoenix 18 ul"(a mythical bird)" or a tortoise (for longevity). [3] Green lions encourage friendliness. [4] Golden and red lions represent liveliness and bravery, respectively. [5] Their older counterparts, yellow and white lions, dance more slowly and deliberately. [6] In some variations, lions of different colors are different ages, and they move accordingly. [7] Black lions are the youngest, therefore, they dance quickly and playfully. [8] The appearance of the lions varies, but their message is consistent: Happy New Year. 19 As the parade winds its way through Chinatown, the music crescendos, and the lion dance reaches 20 ul"it’s" climax with the “plucking of the greens.” Approaching a doorway in which dangles a red envelope filled with green paper money, the 21 ul"lion’s teeth snare the envelope". It then chews up the bills and spits out the 22ul"money-filled envelope instead of chewing it up". The crowd cheers for the lion dancers and for the prosperity and good fortune their dance foretells. |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choice B is incorrect because the word order doesn’t MAKE grammatical sense and the pronoun “which” can’t be used to refer to people. Choices C and D are incorrect because they create comma splices. |
|
| 75. |
Amorphous solid are......... |
|
Answer» SUPERCOOLED liquid |
|
| 76. |
(A) Read the following extract and rewrite it from the point of view of the narrator's brothers Sam: [You may begin as: 'On May 10, 1945, my brother Herman was scheduled On May 10, 1945, I was scheduled to die in the gas chamber at 10:00 a.m. In the quiet of dawn, I tried to prepare myself. So many times death seemed ready to claim me, but somehow I'd survived. Now, it was over. I thought of my parents. At least, I thought, we will · be reunited. But at 8 a.m. there was a commotion. I heard shouts, and saw people running every way through camp. I caught up with my brothers. Russian troops had liberated the camp ! The gates swung open. Everyone was running, so I did too. Amazingly, all of my brothers had survived, I'm not sure how. But I knew that the girl with the apple been the key to my survival. In a place where evil seemed triumphant, one person's goodness had savedmy life, had given me hope in a place where there : was none. My mother had promised to send me an angel, and the angel had come. Eventually I made my way to England where I was sponsored by a Jewish charity, put up in a hostel with other boys who had survived the Holocaust and I trained in electronics. Then I came to America, where my brother Sam had already moved. I served in the '. U.S. Army during the Korean War, and returned to New York city after two years. By August 1957, I'd , opened my own electronics repair shop. I was starting to settle in. |
|
Answer» Solution :(A) On May 10, 1945 my brother Herman was scheduled to die in the gas chamber at 10:00 a.m. In the quiet of dawn, he tried to prepare himself. So many times death SEEMED ready to claim him but somehow he'd survived. Now it was over. He thought of our parents. At least he thought we will be reunited. But at 8:00 a.m. there was a commotion, he heard shouts, and saw people RUNNING every way through camp. He caught up with (our brothers) us. Russian troops had liberated the camp. The gates swung open. EVERYONE was running, so he did too. Amazingly we all brothers had survived, our happiness knew no bound, he was not sure how. But it was a fact. And my brother knew that the girl with the apples had been the key to his survival. In a place where evil seemed triumphant, one person's goodness had saved our life, it had given him hope in a place where there was none. Our mother had promised to send him an angel, and the angel had come. Eventually, he MADE his way to England where he was sponsored by a Jewish Charity, put up in a hostel with other boys who had survived the Holocaust and trained in electronics. Then he came to America where I had ALREADY moved. He served in the U.S. Army during the Korean war and returned to New York city after two years. By August 1957, he had opened his own electronics repair shop. Hewas starting to settle in. |
|
| 77. |
(B) Grammar (Do as directed): Now-a-days, we have to use. solar energy on .....large scale (FIll in the blanks with appropriate articles.) |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Now-a-days, we have to USE the solar energy on a LARGE SCALE. | |
| 78. |
Answer the following questions as per instruc- tions: You wish to take part in elocution contest organised by Rotary Club of your town. One of the topics therein is 'Save water ... Save life.'Prepare a speech on it in about 100 words |
|
Answer» Solution :Good morning honourable chief guest, respected teachers and my dear friends. Today I am going to deliver a speech on the topic 'Save water-Save life.'I would say water is life. We can live without food but not without water. To a thirsty man a drop of water is worth more than a sack, of gold. As we all know how water is important for the CONTINUATION of life on the earth, it is the most basic NEED of everyone. Actually there is only 1% of water on the earth which is usable to us. And other water bodies have unusable water to us. Such as 97% salty sea water which is 2% in the form of glaciers and polar ice-caps. Only 1 % water is here for us over which a huge population all over the world is dependable for the survival. Death is more possible in the lack of water than the lack of food. It again arises a question m our MIND that why we are so late in realizing the need of water since the life of each every living thing ?n the earth depends on water. The scenario will get worse if useful water becomes dirty or starts reducing.Parents should make their children aware about the need of water conservation. Everyone should be aware of the water shortage. There should be water conservation awareness training programme in schools, colleges, work places, offices, institutions, etc. Being educated citizens we should ENCOURAGE our friends and neighbours to join the water conscious community. Thank you! |
|
| 79. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. The main purpose of the passage is to |
|
Answer» describe PERIODS in Earth’s recent geologic history. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not identify the main purpose of the PASSAGE. |
|
| 80. |
A long time ago. I'm Mrs. Green, you know . The missing Mrs. Green. The one for whom you put up that handsome tombstone in the cemetery.I was very touched by it. And I'm glad you didn't add"Beloved wife of Henry Green '. Becuause I did't him any more than he loved me". "Then - then - you aren't the skeleton ?" stammered my mother. "Do I look like a skeleton ?". "No !"we said together. "But we heartd you disappeared ,"I said . "and when we found that skeleton-" "You put two and two together ". "Well. it was Miss Kellner who convinced us, " said my mother."And you did disappear mysteriously. You were missing for years. And everyone Knew Mr.Green was a philanderer !". "Could't wait to get away from him,"said pink lady. "Couldn't stand him any more . He was a lady- killer, but not a real killer. " "But your father came looking for you . Didnt you get in touch with him ? " |
|
Answer» Solution :Mrs. Green narrated her story and revealed her story why did she disappear. Mr. Green was a handsome man always smarthly dressed , a charming personality and a great dancer . I had to bear with him , though he had affairs with so many women. He married to me for my MONEY. He always forced me to bring money from my father. but I refused so he started neglecting me . And one day I heared him talking with his beloved that he was in need of money and can go any extent to get it . He was very angry with me as I was not listening to him for bring money from my father . Few days passed and one day I saw him putting SKELETON in a cupboard. I was very much scared and realised what will be my future if I will live with him now. And one day I disappeared I went far away from him and decided to live alone without informing anyone not even my parents because I knew. Mr. Green will reached their. I joined an NGO working for poor and old people when I READ in about it in NEWSPAPER I decided to come back. Because don't have to fear Mr. Green , was no more . |
|
| 81. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. The passage and the figure are in agreement that the onset of the Little Ice Age began |
|
Answer» around 1150 CE. Choices A, C, and D are INCORRECT because the passage and figure do not indicate that the Little Ice Again began around 1150 CE, just before 1500 CE, or around 1650 CE. |
|
| 82. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. |
|
Answer» The greatest cooling during the Little Ice Age occurred hundreds of years after the temperature peaks of the Medieval Warm Period. Choices B, C, and D are INCORRECT because the figure does not FOCUS on equatorial volcanic eruptions, pyroclastic flows, orradiocarbon analysis. |
|
| 83. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. Which choice best supports the claim that Quilotoa was not responsible for the Little Ice Age? |
|
Answer» Lines 3-4 (“Identifying . . . tricky”) Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they focus on the difficulty of identifying the volcano responsible for the Little Ice Age, the magnitude of the volcanic eruption, and the researchers’ experiment. |
|
| 84. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. According to the data in the figure, the greatest below-average temperature variation occurred around what year? |
|
Answer» 1200 CE Choice A is incorrect because the figure shows that the temperature in 1200 CE was above average (+0.25° Celsius). Choices B and D are incorrect because the below-average temperature variation REPORTED in 1675 CE (at `-1.0^(@)` Celsius) was greater than the below-average temperature variation reported for 1375 CE (around `-0.25^(@)` Celsius) and 1750 CE (around (`-0.5^(@)` Celsius). |
|
| 85. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. As used in line 68, the phrase “Another possible candidate” implies that |
|
Answer» powerful volcanic eruptions occur FREQUENTLY. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the phrase “another possible candidate” does not imply the frequency or effects of volcanic eruptions, or that some volcanoes have large calderas. |
|
| 86. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? |
|
Answer» Lines 1-3 (“About 750 . . . Ice AGE”) Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not provide evidence that the medieval volcanic eruption most likely occurred in Indonesia near the equator. Rather, choices A, B, and C focus on the medieval volcano’s power, impact, and magnitude. |
|
| 87. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. Where does the author indicate the medieval volcanic eruption most probably was located? |
|
Answer» Near the equator, in Indonesia Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the scientists do not SUGGEST that the medieval volcanic eruption was located in the Arctic region, the Antarctic region, or Ecuador. |
|
| 88. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. The author uses the phrase “is written in” (line 6) most likely to |
|
Answer» demonstrate the concept of the hands-on nature of the work done by scientists. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the author does not USE the phrase “is written in” to demonstrate the concept of the hands-on nature of the scientists’ work, highlight the fact that scientists often write about their work, or underscore the sense of importance scientists have about their work. |
|
| 89. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. Over the course of the passage, the focus shifts from |
|
Answer» a criticism of a scientific model to a NEW theory. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the passage does not criticize a scientific model, OFFER a new method of measuring sulfates, or shift from the use of radiocarbon dating to an examination of volcanic glass. |
|
| 90. |
About 750 years ago, a powerful volcano erupted somewhere on Earth, kicking off a centuries-long cold snap known as the Little Ice Age. Identifying the volcano responsible has been tricky. That a powerful volcano erupted somewhere in the world, sometime in the Middle Ages, is written in polar ice cores in the form of layers of sulfate deposits and tiny shards of volcanic glass. These cores suggest that the amount of sulfur the mystery volcano sent into the stratosphere put it firmly among the ranks of the strongest climate-perturbing eruptions of the current geological epoch, the Holocene, a period that stretches from 10,000 years ago to the present. A haze of stratospheric sulfur cools the climate by reflecting solar energy back into space. In 2012, a team of scientists led by geochemist Gifford Miller strengthened the link between the mystery eruption and the onset of the Little Ice Age by using radiocarbon dating of dead plant material from beneath the ice caps on Baffin Island and Iceland, as well as iceand sediment core data, to determine that the cold summers and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 C.E. (and became intensified between 1430 and 1455 C.E.). Such a sudden onset pointed to a huge volcanic eruption injecting sulfur into the stratosphere and starting the cooling. Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions ofther volcanoes, as well as sea-ice/ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s. Volcanologist Franck Lavigne and colleagues now think they’ve identified the volcano in question: Indonesia’s Samalas. One line of evidence, they note, is historical records. According to Babad Lombok, records of the island written on palm leaves in Old Javanese, Samalas erupted catastrophically before the end of the 13th century,evastating surrounding villages—including Lombok’s capital at the time, Pamatan—with ash and fast-moving sweeps of hot rock and gas called pyroclastic flows. The researchers then began to reconstruct the formation of the large, 800-meter-deep caldera [a basin-shaped volcanic crater] that now sits atop the volcano. They examined 130 outcrops on the flanks of the olcano, exposing sequences of pumice—ash hardened into rock—and other pyroclastic material. The volume of ash deposited, and the estimated height of the eruption plume (43 kilometers above sea level) put the eruption’s magnitude at a minimum of 7 on the volcanic explosivity index (which has a scale of 1 to 8)—making it one of the largest known in the Holocene. The team also performed radiocarbon analyses on carbonized tree trunks and branches buried within the pyroclastic deposits to confirm the date of the eruption, it could not, they concluded, have happened before 1257 C.E., and certainly happened in the 13th century. It’s not a total surprise that an Indonesian volcano might be the source of the eruption, Miller says. “An equatorial eruption is more consistent with the apparent climate impacts.” And, he adds, with sulfate appearing in both polar ice caps—Arctic and Antarctic—there is “a strong consensus” that this also supports an equatorial source. Another possible candidate—both in terms of timing and geographical location—is Ecuador’s Quilotoa, estimated to have last erupted between 1147 and 1320 C.E. But when Lavigne’s team examined shards of volcanic glass from this volcano, they found that they didn’t match the chemical composition of the glass found in polar ice cores, whereas the Samalas glass is a much closer match. That, they suggest, further strengthens the case that Samalas was responsible for the medieval “year without summer” in 1258 C.E. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? |
|
Answer» Lines 17-25 (“In 2012 . . . 1455 C.E.”) Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not provide the best evidence that the passage shifts focus from a description of a recorded event to its likely cause. Choices B, C, and D all focus on the scientists’ research but do not explain what caused the Little Ice Age. |
|
| 91. |
Answer the following questions as per instructions : (A) A leading Indian cricket player has scored a double century in an international tesI match. Imagine, you are a newspaper reporter and assigned to take interview of that cricketer. Frame a set of 8 to 10 questions regarding his achievements, his motivation, a turning point in his carrer, his relation with his team-mtes and massage to the youth |
|
Answer» Solution :First of all, hearty congratulations for the dostile century in the INTERNATIONAL TEST match. (1) You batted for more than 7 hours. What kept you motivated ? (2) You had a nice partnership with Virat Kohli. How did Virat READ to your BATTING (3) What did you feel afler completing the first double century of your carcer ? (4) When did you decide to take up cricket as your carcer ? (5) How did your family SUPPORT you in your decision ? (6) What really proved to be the turning point in your career (7) How did your coach support you in overcoming the defects in your technique (8) How did your team-mates support you to push on (9) What can you advise to all the young. promising upcoming cricketers |
|
| 92. |
(B) Grammar (Do as directed): (iii) "Can you suggest me a good hotel ?" Mr. Shah asked the taxi driver. "Yes, I'll. It's very close to the railway station," said the taxi driver. (Change it into Indirect speech.) |
| Answer» Solution :MR. Shah asked the taxi DRIVER if he could SUGGEST him a good hotel. THEREUPON, the taxi driver replied that he WOULD and it was very close to the railway station. | |
| 93. |
According to you , why do the youngsters rise up late ? |
| Answer» Solution :There are various reasons : (i) They watch T.V. and play games or chat on mobile till late NIGHT . (ii) Some of them study up to late night (iii) Many of them work in call centres . (iv) And they MAY don't know the benefit of early rising . CHANGED life style is ALSO ANOTHER reason for their late rise up . | |
| 94. |
An Employee Benefit That Benefits Employers According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. 34 ul"Despite these findings," more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps 35 ul"increase customer satisfaction" and improve the quality of the companies’ business.Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers offer their 36 ul"workers’ opportunities" for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, 37 ul"who stressed" the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler’s car dealerships: “This is a benefit that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 38 ul"employees. Retaining employees" is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of finding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition is reimbursed often stay with their employer even after they complete their 39 ul"degrees. Because" their new qualifications give them opportunities for advancement within the company. The career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 40 ul"(UTC)" is a significant success story for her company’s tuition‑reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. This allowed UTC to retain an employee with a 41 ul"deep" knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. Tuition reinbursement can be expensive , and many companies would find it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 42 ul"minimizing and keeping down costs" and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by offering fixed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects workers can study . Even with these methods , tuition reimbursement may be not be appropriatein all cases, especially if classes are likely 43 ul"to divert" employees' time and energy from their jobs. The writer wants to insert the following sentence. ltbr. Still, since securing an excellent workforce is crucial to a business's success, employers should give serious thought to inverting in reimbursement programs . To make the passage most logical , the sentence should be placed immediately after the last sentence in paragraph |
|
Answer» 1 Choices A, B, and C are INCORRECT because placing the sentence at the end of paragraph 1, 2, or 3 would result in an ILLOGICAL passage. |
|
| 95. |
An Employee Benefit That Benefits Employers According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. 34 ul"Despite these findings," more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps 35 ul"increase customer satisfaction" and improve the quality of the companies’ business.Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers offer their 36 ul"workers’ opportunities" for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, 37 ul"who stressed" the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler’s car dealerships: “This is a benefit that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 38 ul"employees. Retaining employees" is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of finding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition is reimbursed often stay with their employer even after they complete their 39 ul"degrees. Because" their new qualifications give them opportunities for advancement within the company. The career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 40 ul"(UTC)" is a significant success story for her company’s tuition‑reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. This allowed UTC to retain an employee with a 41 ul"deep" knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. Tuition reinbursement can be expensive , and many companies would find it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 42 ul"minimizing and keeping down costs" and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by offering fixed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects workers can study . Even with these methods , tuition reimbursement may be not be appropriatein all cases, especially if classes are likely 43 ul"to divert" employees' time and energy from their jobs. Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous sentence to the information that immediately follows in this sentence? |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choice A is incorrect because “DESPITE these FINDINGS” suggests that regardless of the percentages, more companies should consider providing tuition assistance, which is illogical. Choice B is incorrect because the information that follows in the sentence isn’t additional to the 2014 study. Choice D is incorrect because the issue of whether companies want or don’t want to provide tuition assistance isn’t mentioned in the previous sentence. |
|
| 96. |
An Employee Benefit That Benefits Employers According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. 34 ul"Despite these findings," more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps 35 ul"increase customer satisfaction" and improve the quality of the companies’ business.Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers offer their 36 ul"workers’ opportunities" for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, 37 ul"who stressed" the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler’s car dealerships: “This is a benefit that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 38 ul"employees. Retaining employees" is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of finding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition is reimbursed often stay with their employer even after they complete their 39 ul"degrees. Because" their new qualifications give them opportunities for advancement within the company. The career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 40 ul"(UTC)" is a significant success story for her company’s tuition‑reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. This allowed UTC to retain an employee with a 41 ul"deep" knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. Tuition reinbursement can be expensive , and many companies would find it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 42 ul"minimizing and keeping down costs" and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by offering fixed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects workers can study . Even with these methods , tuition reimbursement may be not be appropriatein all cases, especially if classes are likely 43 ul"to divert" employees' time and energy from their jobs. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion? |
|
Answer» employees, and this retention Choice A is incorrect because “retention” repeats the idea of “retain,” which is already mentioned in the sentence. Choice B is incorrect because “retaining” repeats the idea of “retain,” and the pronoun “whom” repeats the idea of “employees.” Choice D is incorrect because the pronoun “that” doesn’t have a clear antecedent and THEREFORE creates a vague sentence. |
|
| 97. |
An Employee Benefit That Benefits Employers According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. 34 ul"Despite these findings," more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps 35 ul"increase customer satisfaction" and improve the quality of the companies’ business.Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers offer their 36 ul"workers’ opportunities" for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, 37 ul"who stressed" the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler’s car dealerships: “This is a benefit that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 38 ul"employees. Retaining employees" is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of finding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition is reimbursed often stay with their employer even after they complete their 39 ul"degrees. Because" their new qualifications give them opportunities for advancement within the company. The career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 40 ul"(UTC)" is a significant success story for her company’s tuition‑reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. This allowed UTC to retain an employee with a 41 ul"deep" knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. Tuition reinbursement can be expensive , and many companies would find it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 42 ul"minimizing and keeping down costs" and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by offering fixed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects workers can study . Even with these methods , tuition reimbursement may be not be appropriatein all cases, especially if classes are likely 43 ul"to divert" employees' time and energy from their jobs. |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choices A and B are incorrect because the plural POSSESSIVE nouns “workers’” and “opportunities’” should be the plural nouns “workers” and “opportunities,” since nothing belongs to the workers or opportunities in the SENTENCE. Choice D is incorrect because the singular nouns “worker” and “opportunity” should be plural, and the apostrophes indicating possession aren’t needed. |
|
| 98. |
An Employee Benefit That Benefits Employers According to a 2014 report from the Society for Human Resource Management, 54 percent of surveyed companies provide tuition assistance to employees pursuing an undergraduate degree, and 50 percent do so for employees working toward a graduate degree. 34 ul"Despite these findings," more companies should consider helping employees pay for education because doing so helps 35 ul"increase customer satisfaction" and improve the quality of the companies’ business.Tuition-reimbursement programs signal that employers offer their 36 ul"workers’ opportunities" for personal and professional development. According to professor of management Peter Cappelli, such opportunities are appealing to highly motivated and disciplined individuals and may attract applicants with these desirable qualities. Many in the business community concur. Explaining his company’s decision to expand its tuition-assistance program, John Fox, the director of dealer training at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in the United States, 37 ul"who stressed" the importance of drawing skilled employees to Fiat Chrysler’s car dealerships: “This is a benefit that can surely bring top talent to our dealers,” he said. Paying for tuition also helps businesses retain 38 ul"employees. Retaining employees" is important not only because it ensures a skilled and experienced workforce but also because it mitigates the considerable costs of finding, hiring, and training new workers. Employees whose tuition is reimbursed often stay with their employer even after they complete their 39 ul"degrees. Because" their new qualifications give them opportunities for advancement within the company. The career of Valerie Lincoln, an employee at the aerospace company United Technologies Corporation 40 ul"(UTC)" is a significant success story for her company’s tuition‑reimbursement program. In eight years at UTC, Lincoln earned associate and bachelor’s degrees in business and advanced from an administrative assistant position to an accounting associate position. This allowed UTC to retain an employee with a 41 ul"deep" knowledge of her industry and years of valuable experience. Tuition reinbursement can be expensive , and many companies would find it impractical to pay for multiple degrees for all employees. Businesses have succeeded in 42 ul"minimizing and keeping down costs" and ensuring the relevance of employees' coursework by offering fixed amounts of reimbursement each year and stipulating which subjects workers can study . Even with these methods , tuition reimbursement may be not be appropriatein all cases, especially if classes are likely 43 ul"to divert" employees' time and energy from their jobs. Which choice most effectively establishes the main idea of the passage? |
|
Answer» NO CHANGE Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they don’t establish the passage’s main idea. The passage isn’t about increasing customer satisfaction, solving the problem of rising tuition costs, or strengthening the US economy. |
|
| 99. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today, as I bid adieu, I explore against the "Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory." The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library, the ' spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances, the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts, the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind, teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips, the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for, triumphantly acquired. What is the extract about ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : NARRATOR's IMPRESSION about MUMBAI. | |
| 100. |
(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today, as I bid adieu, I explore against the "Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory." The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library, the ' spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances, the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts, the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind, teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips, the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for, triumphantly acquired. What does the writer say about the NCPA and the Nehru Centre ? |
| Answer» Solution :The writer says that the NCPA is FAMOUS for the THEATRICAL performances and the NEHRU centre is famous for the classical music CONCERTS. The writer used to enjoy them. | |