Quiz about English in Class 12

Question 1

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today as I bid adieu I explore against the Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory. The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library the spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for triumphantly acquired.  According to you what can you do to preserve the monuments off historical importance in your locality

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 2

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today as I bid adieu I explore against the Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory. The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library the spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for triumphantly acquired.  What is the writers experience about the Strand bookstore

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 3

Answer any five of the following questions in 30 to 40 words each.  a. Why did Hari Singh think that Anil’s job was queer? b. Bholi was a neglected child. Explain. c. Why did Mr.Keesing call Anne ‘an incorrigible chatterbox’?  d. Nelson Mandela speaks of ‘Twin Obligations’. Elucidate e. Why did Belinda tickle the dragon? f. How is bread an important part of life in Goa?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 4

A Necessary Resource for Science  In the winter of 1968 scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul227 this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 uldestructive and irresponsible this method of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ulIn addition to being unsightly and odorous these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ulgreen. It was thick with the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.  5 ulOne mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment. The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226 they added phosphates nitrates and a source of carbon in the other they added just nitrates 6 uland a source of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ulwas teeming with blue-green algae.  Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ulshown off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ulFor example legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents which had been entering the water supply. 10  Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ulOf course regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue. Selectively establishing remote study locations such as the Experimental Lakes Area can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice provides the best transition from the previous paragraph to this one?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 5

A Necessary Resource for Science  In the winter of 1968 scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul227 this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 uldestructive and irresponsible this method of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ulIn addition to being unsightly and odorous these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ulgreen. It was thick with the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.  5 ulOne mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment. The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226 they added phosphates nitrates and a source of carbon in the other they added just nitrates 6 uland a source of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ulwas teeming with blue-green algae.  Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ulshown off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ulFor example legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents which had been entering the water supply. 10  Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ulOf course regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue. Selectively establishing remote study locations such as the Experimental Lakes Area can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. At this point the writer wants to add a second policy outcome of the research described. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 6

A Necessary Resource for Science  In the winter of 1968 scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul227 this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 uldestructive and irresponsible this method of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ulIn addition to being unsightly and odorous these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ulgreen. It was thick with the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.  5 ulOne mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment. The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226 they added phosphates nitrates and a source of carbon in the other they added just nitrates 6 uland a source of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ulwas teeming with blue-green algae.  Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ulshown off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ulFor example legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents which had been entering the water supply. 10  Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ulOf course regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue. Selectively establishing remote study locations such as the Experimental Lakes Area can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice most effectively anticipates and addresses a relevant counterargument to the argument in favor of the types of experiments described in the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 7

A Necessary Resource for Science  In the winter of 1968 scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul227 this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 uldestructive and irresponsible this method of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ulIn addition to being unsightly and odorous these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ulgreen. It was thick with the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.  5 ulOne mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment. The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226 they added phosphates nitrates and a source of carbon in the other they added just nitrates 6 uland a source of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ulwas teeming with blue-green algae.  Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ulshown off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ulFor example legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents which had been entering the water supply. 10  Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ulOf course regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue. Selectively establishing remote study locations such as the Experimental Lakes Area can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice most effectively combines the underlined sentences?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 8

A Necessary Resource for Science  In the winter of 1968 scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul227 this is one of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 uldestructive and irresponsible this method of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae or cyanobacteria that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ulIn addition to being unsightly and odorous these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ulgreen. It was thick with the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie.  5 ulOne mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment. The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226 they added phosphates nitrates and a source of carbon in the other they added just nitrates 6 uland a source of carbon was added. Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ulwas teeming with blue-green algae.  Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ulshown off by the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ulFor example legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents which had been entering the water supply. 10  Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ulOf course regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue. Selectively establishing remote study locations such as the Experimental Lakes Area can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 9

(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away The blood has turned their stones to rust  Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah that bright crown  Has seemed to nations sweet But God has struck its luster down  In ashes at his feet. How do wars prevent the development of a country

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 10

(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away The blood has turned their stones to rust  Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah that bright crown  Has seemed to nations sweet But God has struck its luster down  In ashes at his feet. How has the poet depicted the ill-effects of bloody wars

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 11

(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away The blood has turned their stones to rust  Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah that bright crown  Has seemed to nations sweet But God has struck its luster down  In ashes at his feet. Pick out an example of antithesis from the extract.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 12

(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away The blood has turned their stones to rust  Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah that bright crown  Has seemed to nations sweet But God has struck its luster down  In ashes at his feet. What is the purpose of the questions used in the extract.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 13

Answer the following question in 120-150 wordsCompare and contrast the characters of Mr. Lamb and Derry.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 14

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).Which statement best captures Ken Dial’s central assumption in setting up his research?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 15

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). Which choice best reflects the overall sequence of events in the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 16

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). As used in line 7 “challenged” most nearly means

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 17

BRAIN DRAIN IS NOT A BANE FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE INDIA. WRITE A DEBATE IN 150 TO 200 WORDS EITHER FOR OR AGAINST THE MOTION.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 18

b. I laughed and said Well Mr. Terror what do you think you can do to me? It fled and I swam on.1.Who is I here? Who is being addressed to as Mr. Terror? 2.Why has Mr. Terror been addressed so? 3 Why did the narrator laugh?.4.Why did Mr. Terror leave?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 19

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). In the second paragraph (lines 12-32) the incident involving the local rancher mainly serves to

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 20

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 21

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). As used in line 61 “document” most nearly means

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 22

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).  After Ken Dial had his “‘aha’ moment” (line 41) he

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 23

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars’ traction on steep ramps?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 24

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 25

At field sites around the world Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants quail tinamous and other ground birds ran along behind their  Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn” he said describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate he designed a project  Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local  line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going Ken showed him his nice tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher  line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said in pretty colorful language ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But  line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges low branches or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought  Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked  line 35- him how it went” Ken recalled “and he said ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale flapping all the  line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively” he told me and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone  line 45- on to study animal locomotion) Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased the partridges began to flap but they angled their wings differently from  line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car” he explained which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing  line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.  line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR for wing-assisted incline running and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient  line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context WAIR takes on  line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for  line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 26

At what age did the tiger king start tiger hunting?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 27

A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture  Planned obsolescence a practice (34) ul(at which) products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul(usefulness) has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales but it also stands in (36) ul(austere) contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them as repair shops are rare and (37) ul(repair methods are often specialized). In 2009 an enterprising movement the Repair Café challenged this widely accepted belief.  [1] More like a (38) ul(fair then) an actual café the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma (39) ul(wanting) to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul(straightforward however) reduce waste maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing appliances furniture and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors electricians and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café others have been hosted in theater foyers community centers hotels and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul(they await)for service patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42)  Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods.  Though the concept remained a local trend at first international Repair Cafés all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website have since arisen in France Germany South Africa the United States and other countries (44) ul(on top of that). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume.  At this point the writer is considering adding the following sentence. As the number of corporate and service-based jobs has increased the need for people who work with their hands has diminished. Should the writer make this addition here?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 28

A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture  Planned obsolescence a practice (34) ul(at which) products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul(usefulness) has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales but it also stands in (36) ul(austere) contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them as repair shops are rare and (37) ul(repair methods are often specialized). In 2009 an enterprising movement the Repair Café challenged this widely accepted belief.  [1] More like a (38) ul(fair then) an actual café the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma (39) ul(wanting) to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul(straightforward however) reduce waste maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing appliances furniture and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors electricians and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café others have been hosted in theater foyers community centers hotels and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul(they await)for service patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42)  Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods.  Though the concept remained a local trend at first international Repair Cafés all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website have since arisen in France Germany South Africa the United States and other countries (44) ul(on top of that). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume.  To make this paragraph most logical sentence 5 should be placed

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 29

A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture  Planned obsolescence a practice (34) ul(at which) products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul(usefulness) has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales but it also stands in (36) ul(austere) contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them as repair shops are rare and (37) ul(repair methods are often specialized). In 2009 an enterprising movement the Repair Café challenged this widely accepted belief.  [1] More like a (38) ul(fair then) an actual café the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma (39) ul(wanting) to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul(straightforward however) reduce waste maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing appliances furniture and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors electricians and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café others have been hosted in theater foyers community centers hotels and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul(they await)for service patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42)  Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods.  Though the concept remained a local trend at first international Repair Cafés all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website have since arisen in France Germany South Africa the United States and other countries (44) ul(on top of that). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume.  Which choice provides information that best supports the claim made by this sentence?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 30

A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture  Planned obsolescence a practice (34) ul(at which) products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul(usefulness) has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales but it also stands in (36) ul(austere) contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them as repair shops are rare and (37) ul(repair methods are often specialized). In 2009 an enterprising movement the Repair Café challenged this widely accepted belief.  [1] More like a (38) ul(fair then) an actual café the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma (39) ul(wanting) to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul(straightforward however) reduce waste maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing appliances furniture and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors electricians and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café others have been hosted in theater foyers community centers hotels and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul(they await)for service patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42)  Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods.  Though the concept remained a local trend at first international Repair Cafés all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website have since arisen in France Germany South Africa the United States and other countries (44) ul(on top of that). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 31

Aggression and sledging are an essential part of Sports.Write a debate in 150- 200 words either for or against the motion. You are ShivamShivani.10

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 32

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Old women once  were continents.  They had deep woods in them  lakes mountains volcanoes even  even raging gulf.  When the earth was in heat  They melted shrank.  leaving only their maps.  You can fold them  and keep them handy  who knows they might help you find  your way home.  Pick out the lines highlighting the impotance of old women.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 33

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Old women once  were continents.  They had deep woods in them  lakes mountains volcanoes even  even raging gulf.  When the earth was in heat  They melted shrank.  leaving only their maps.  You can fold them  and keep them handy  who knows they might help you find  your way home.  According to you what kind of help should we provide to old people

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 34

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Old women once  were continents.  They had deep woods in them  lakes mountains volcanoes even  even raging gulf.  When the earth was in heat  They melted shrank.  leaving only their maps.  You can fold them  and keep them handy  who knows they might help you find  your way home.  Name and explain the figure of speech in the following lines  Old women once  were continents

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 35

(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below  Old women once  were continents.  They had deep woods in them  lakes mountains volcanoes even  even raging gulf.  When the earth was in heat  They melted shrank.  leaving only their maps.  You can fold them  and keep them handy  who knows they might help you find  your way home.  What do maps symbolize

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 36

Choose an issue that has provoked a controversy like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy or the Narmada Dam Project in which the lives of the poor have been affected.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 37

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making a difference to how legal work is done but it isn’t the threat it is made out to be. AI is making impressive progress and shaking up things all over the world today. The assumption that advancements in technology and artificial intelligence will render any profession defunct is just that an assumption and a false one. The only purpose this assumption serves is creating mass panic and hostility towards embracing technology that is meant to make our lives easier.Let us understand what this means explicitly for the legal world. The ambit of AI includes recognizing human speech and objects making decisions based on data and translating languages. Tasks that can be defined as ‘search-and-find’ type can be performed by AI.Introducing AI to this profession will primarily be for the purpose of automating mundane tedious tasks that require negligible human intelligence. The kind of artificial intelligence that is employed by industries in the current scene when extended to law will enable quicker services at a lower price.AI is meant to automate a number of tasks that take up precious working hours lawyers could be devoting to tasks that require discerning empathy and trust- qualities that cannot be replicated by even the most sophisticated form of AI. The legal profession is one of the oldest professions in the world. Thriving over a 1000 years trust judgement and diligence are the pillars of this profession. The most important pillar is the relationship of trust between a lawyer and clients which can only be achieved through human connection and interaction.While artificial intelligence can be useful in scanning and organizing documents pertaining to a case it cannot perform higher-level tasks such as sharp decision- making relationship-building with valuable clients and writing legal briefs advising clients and appearing in court. These are over and above the realm of computerization.The smooth proceeding of a case is not possible without sound legal research. While presenting cases lawyers need to assimilate information in the form of legal research by referring to a number of relevant cases to find those that will favour their client’s motion. Lawyers are even required to thoroughly know the opposing stand and supporting legal arguments they can expect to prepare a watertight defense strategy. AI software that operates on natural language enables electronic discovery of information relevant to a case contract reviews and automation generation of legal documents. AI utilizes big-data analytics which enables visualization of case data. It also allows for creation of a map of the cases which were cited in previous cases and their resulting verdicts as per the website Towards Data Science. The probability of a positive outcome of a case can be predicted by leveraging predictive analytics with machine learning. This is advantageous to firms as they can determine the return on investment in litigation and whether an agreement or arbitration should be considered.  (a) On the basis of your understanding of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. use recognizable abbreviations (whereever necessary-minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply in appropriate tittle to it.  (b) Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 38

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  Which reaction does Akira most fear from Chie?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 39

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  3. As used in line 1 and line 65 “directly” most nearly means

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 40

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  2. Which choice best describes the developmental pattern of the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 41

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  1. Which choice best describes what happens in the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 42

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  10. Which choice provides the best evidence for theanswer to the previous question?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 43

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  9. Why does Akira say his meeting with Chie is “a matter of urgency” (line 32)?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 44

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  8. As used in line 2 “form” most nearly means

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 45

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  5. Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 46

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  The main purpose of the first paragraph is to

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 47

Akira came directly breaking all tradition. Was  that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his  mother to speak to his father to approach a  go-between—would Chie have been more receptive?  5He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid  knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps  the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a  10 calling card to the drawing room for Chie.  Chie was reluctant to go to her guest perhaps she  was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at  a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt  spread over the sides of the table so their legs were  15 tucked inside with the heat. “Who is it at this hour in this weather?” Chie  questioned as she picked the name card off the  maid’s lacquer tray. “Shinoda Akira. Kobe Dental College” she read.  20. Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft  intake of air.  “I think you should go” said Naomi.  Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early  twenties slim and serious wearing the black  25 military-style uniform of a student. As he  bowed—his hands hanging straight down a  black cap in one a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the  other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening  surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving  30stones she saw his reflection like a dark double.  “Madame” said Akira “forgive my disruption  but I come with a matter of urgency.”  His voice was soft refined. He straightened and stole a deferential peek at her face.  35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.  Chie felt herself starting to like him. “Come inside get out of this nasty night. Surely  your business can wait for a moment or two.”  “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would  40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word  of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America as  dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”  “Congratulations” Chie said with amusement.  “That is an opportunity I’m sure. But how am I 45 involved?”Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the  name card Chie had no idea. Akira’s message delivered like a formal speech filled her with  maternal amusement. You know how children speak  50 so earnestly so hurriedly so endearingly about  things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?  That’s how she viewed him as a child. It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though  Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts  55 needed to make a good marriage Chie had made no  effort to find her a husband.  Akira blushed.  “Depending on your response I may stay in  Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”  60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.  “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .  ambitions?”  “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge  my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I  65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes  much time. Either method comes down to the same  thing a matter of parental approval. If you give your  consent I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the  House of Fuji. Without your consent I must go to  70 America to secure a new home for my bride.”  Eager to make his point he’d been looking her full  in the face. Abruptly his voice turned gentle. “I see  I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no  more of your evening. My address is on my card. If  75 you don’t wish to contact me I’ll reapproach you in  two weeks’ time. Until then good night.”  He bowed and left. Taking her ease with effortless  grace like a cat making off with a fish.  “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and  80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”  The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes her dark brows  gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were  preposterous.“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He  85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to  America all in the snap of his fingers!”  Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.  Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute  looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally she spoke.  90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”  Naomi turned to go back into the house then  stopped.  “Mother.”  “Yes?”  95 “I mean to have him.”  * a man who marries a woman of higher status and takes her  family’s name.  6. In the passage Akira addresses Chie with

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 48

Answer any five of the following questions in 30 -40 words eacha. Who did M. Hamel blame when Franz was unable to answer a question on French participles? b. Why does Anees Jungsay that the bangle makers are caught in a vicious web? c. What was the content of the letter written by the peddler to Edla? d. How are Aunt Jennifer’s tigers different from her? e. How did The World help Charley to confirm his doubts regarding the existence of a third level? f. How did the woodland creatures react to the skunk’s new smell? g. What happened on the seventh day after Dr Sadao had typed the letter?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 49

ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE IS THE ONLY REQUIREMENT FOR A SUCCCESSFUL CAREER. WRITE A DEBATE EITHER FOR OR AGAINST THE MOTION.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 50

(B) Grammar (Do as directed)  I cut the apple ………..a knife and gave it……..my sister.  (Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.)

Accepted Answer

NA

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Answer the following question in 120-150 words:Compare and contrast the characters of Mr. Lamb and Derry.

BRAIN DRAIN IS NOT A BANE FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE INDIA. WRITE A DEBATE IN 150 TO 200 WORDS EITHER FOR OR AGAINST THE MOTION.

b. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" It fled and I swam on.1.Who is 'I' here? Who is being addressed to as Mr. Terror? 2.Why has Mr. Terror been addressed so? 3 Why did the narrator laugh?.4.Why did Mr. Terror leave?

At what age did the tiger king start tiger hunting?

Aggression and sledging are an essential part of Sports.'Write a debate in 150- 200 words either for or against the motion. You are Shivam/Shivani.10

Choose an issue that has provoked a controversy like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy or the Narmada Dam Project in which the lives of the poor have been affected.

"ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE IS THE ONLY REQUIREMENT FOR A SUCCCESSFUL CAREER". WRITE A DEBATE EITHER FOR OR AGAINST THE MOTION.

(B) Grammar (Do as directed): I cut the apple ………..a knife and gave it……..my sister. (Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.)

101.	(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today, as I bid adieu, I explore against the "Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory." The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library, the ' spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances, the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts, the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind, teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips, the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for, triumphantly acquired. According to you, what can you do to preserve the monuments off historical importance in your locality
Answer» Solution :Historical monuments are an ASSETS of the nation. I will take an utmost care of these monuments. (i) I SHALL request all the tourists not to WRITE or CARVE their names on the walls of such monuments. (ii) I shall personally see that the cleanliness of these ~l~ces is maintained. (iii) If any damage takes place, I will mform the concerned authority. (iv) I will ALSO see that no illegal activity should run at such places

102.	(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Unnerved by the aggressive winds I stood trembling outside the imposing RBI building. Today, as I bid adieu, I explore against the "Intemalities and Extarnalities of memory." The Gothic columns of the Asiatic Library, the ' spectacular buildings in tpe fort area. The impossible sophistication of NCPA where I enjoyed so many theatre performances, the Nehru Centre with its classical music concerts, the old lady of Boribunder. The sweep of tall skyscrapers and wide roads fringed by palm trees which bend with the wind, teaching lessons of resilience and flexibility. The double-decker BEST bus whose stairs I eagerly clambered up to take in the sights of Mumbai. The Amul hoardings by Wilson College that always brought a smile to the lips, the familiar press of the surging crowds at Churchgate station. The narrow third seat on the local train valiantly fought for, triumphantly acquired. What is the writer's experience about the Strand bookstore
Answer» Solution :At the STRAND Book Store, the writer COULD browse the books for hours. One could BARGAIN for a SPECIAL PRICE for the book of one's choice.

103.	Answer any five of the following questions in 30 to 40 words each. a. Why did Hari Singh think that Anil’s job was queer? b. Bholi was a neglected child. Explain. c. Why did Mr.Keesing call Anne ‘an incorrigible chatterbox’? d. Nelson Mandela speaks of ‘Twin Obligations’. Elucidate e. Why did Belinda tickle the dragon? f. How is bread an important part of life in Goa?
Answer» Solution :a) Anil contributed to magazines, wrote for a living, didn’t earn much, DIFFICULT for Hari Singh to understand his PROFESSION b) No new clothes for Bholi, old dresses passed on to her, nobody cared for or mended her clothes, parents sent her to school as they thought there was a little chance of her getting married. c) Anne was very TALKATIVE, didn’t stop despite being punished, wrote an essay as a punishment, justified her over-talkative nature. d) One towards the society, one towards the family e) Custard, the DRAGON was very scared, cried for a safe cage, all laughed, it was a coward. f) Needed for all sorts of functions, like marriages, birthdays, part of traditional cuisine, mothers prepare delicacies.

104.	A Necessary Resource for Science In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul"227, this is one" of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 ul"destructive and irresponsible, this method" of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ul"In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes." Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ul"green. It was thick with :"the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie. 5 ul"One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment." The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a source of carbon, in the other, they added just nitrates 6 ul"and a source of carbon was added." Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ul"was teeming" with blue-green algae. Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ul"shown off by" the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ul"For example," legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10 Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ul"Of course, regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue". Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice provides the best transition from the previous paragraph to this one?
Answer» NO CHANGE The Experimental Lakes Area is located in a sparsely inhabited region that experiences few effects of human and industrial activity. To isolate the cause of the algae, Schindler and Brunskill performed another experiment, this time using Lake 226. The process by which water becomes enriched by dissolved nutrients, such as PHOSPHATES, is called eutrophication. Solution :Because it contains the BEST transition between the two paragraphs. The previous paragraphs DESCRIBE an experiment that Schindler and Brunskill conducted in Lake 227. This paragraph is about an experiment they performed in Lake 226. Only choice C provides a transition that introduces the new experiment performed in Lake 226. Choice A is INCORRECT because it contains no specific reference to the previous paragraph and is too general to be tied to this paragraph. Choices B and D are incorrect because they contain unnecessary details that do not connect the ideas in the paragraphs.

105.	A Necessary Resource for Science In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul"227, this is one" of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 ul"destructive and irresponsible, this method" of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ul"In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes." Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ul"green. It was thick with :"the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie. 5 ul"One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment." The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a source of carbon, in the other, they added just nitrates 6 ul"and a source of carbon was added." Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ul"was teeming" with blue-green algae. Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ul"shown off by" the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ul"For example," legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10 Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ul"Of course, regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue". Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. At this point, the writer wants to add a second policy outcome of the research described. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
Answer» LAKE 226 CONTINUED to develop blooms of blue-green algae for eight consecutive years after the experiment took place In the United States, many individual states have also adopted legislation to eliminate, or at least reduce, phosphorous content in laundry detergents. In 1974, Schindler initiated a study of the effects of acid rain, USING Lake 223 to examine how sulfuric acid altered aquatic ecosystems. Aerial photos of the lakes taken before and during algal blooms helped convey the effects of phosphates in WATER to the public. Solution :Because it deals with a “policy outcome” related to the research. The adoption of legislation to reduce or eliminate phosphates in detergents is a policy outcome (a change in official policy concerning detergents) that was clearly informed by Schindler and Brunskill’s research. CHOICES A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not mention legislation or policies that were adopted as a result of Schindler and Brunskill’s research on the effects of phosphates in laundry detergents.

106.	A Necessary Resource for Science In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul"227, this is one" of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 ul"destructive and irresponsible, this method" of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ul"In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes." Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ul"green. It was thick with :"the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie. 5 ul"One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment." The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a source of carbon, in the other, they added just nitrates 6 ul"and a source of carbon was added." Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ul"was teeming" with blue-green algae. Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ul"shown off by" the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ul"For example," legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10 Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ul"Of course, regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue". Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice most effectively anticipates and addresses a relevant counterargument to the argument in favor of the types of experiments described in the passage?
Answer» NO CHANGE Many companies now offer phosphate-free alternatives for household CLEANING products. Obviously, scientists should not be ALLOWED to randomly perform experiments on just any body of water. Phosphates are sometimes used in AGRICULTURAL fertilizers, in addition to being used in cleaning products. Solution :Because it offers a counterargument to the previous sentence’s CLAIM in favor of “experiments LIKE these.” Acknowledging that “scientists should not be allowed to randomly perform experiments on just any body of water” shows that the writer is aware of the potential problems with these experiments. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because none of them offers a counterargument. They all make factual statements.

107.	A Necessary Resource for Science In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul"227, this is one" of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 ul"destructive and irresponsible, this method" of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ul"In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes." Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ul"green. It was thick with :"the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie. 5 ul"One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment." The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a source of carbon, in the other, they added just nitrates 6 ul"and a source of carbon was added." Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ul"was teeming" with blue-green algae. Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ul"shown off by" the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ul"For example," legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10 Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ul"Of course, regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue". Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment. Which choice most effectively combines the underlined sentences?
Answer» In addition to being unsightly and ODOROUS, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion: the result being that it kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion, the algal blooms cause oxygen depletion that kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion, and oxygen depletion caused by the algal blooms kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes. In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion, which kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes Solution :Because it most clearly and concisely combines the sentences using the correct punctuation. This CHOICE eliminates unnecessary words, and the commas are placed CORRECTLY between the clauses. Choice A is incorrect because the phrase “the result being that it” is wordy and could be replaced with the single word “which.” Choice B is incorrect because the words “algal blooms cause oxygen depletion” need not be repeated. Choice C is incorrect because there is unnecessary REPETITION of the words “oxygen depletion” and “algal blooms.”

108.	A Necessary Resource for Science In the winter of 1968, scientists David Schindler and Gregg Brunskill poured nitrates and phosphates into Lake 1 ul"227, this is one" of the 58 freshwater bodies that compose Canada’s remotely located Experimental Lakes Area. Schindler and Brunskill were contaminating the water not out of malice but in the name of research. While deliberately adding chemical compounds to a lake may seem 2 ul"destructive and irresponsible, this method" of experimenting is sometimes the most effective way to influence policy and save the environment from even more damaging pollution. Schindler and Brunskill were investigating possible causes for the large blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, that had been affecting bodies of water such as Lake Erie. 3 ul"In addition to being unsightly and odorous, these algal blooms cause oxygen depletion. Oxygen depletion kills fish and other wildlife in the lakes." Just weeks after the scientists added the nitrates and phosphates, the water in Lake 227 turned bright 4 ul"green. It was thick with :"the same type of algal blooms that had plagued Lake Erie. 5 ul"One mission of the Experimental Lakes Area is to conduct research that helps people better understand threats to the environment." The scientists divided the lake in half by placing a nylon barrier through the narrowest part of its figure-eight shape. In one half of Lake 226, they added phosphates, nitrates, and a source of carbon, in the other, they added just nitrates 6 ul"and a source of carbon was added." Schindler and Brunskill hypothesized that phosphates were responsible for the growth of cyanobacteria. The experiment confirmed their suspicions when the half of the lake containing the phosphates 7 ul"was teeming" with blue-green algae. Schindler and Brunskill’s findings were 8 ul"shown off by" the journal Science. The research demonstrated a clear correlation between introducing phosphates and the growth of blue-green algae. 9 ul"For example," legislators in Canada passed laws banning phosphates in laundry detergents, which had been entering the water supply. 10 Experiments like these can help people understand the unintended consequences of using certain household products. 11 ul"Of course, regulating the use of certain chemical compounds can be a controversial issue". Selectively establishing remote study locations, such as the Experimental Lakes Area, can provide scientists with opportunities to safely conduct controlled research. This research can generate evidence solid enough to persuade policy makers to take action in favor of protecting the larger environment.
Answer» NO CHANGE destructive, and irresponsible this method destructive and, irresponsible, this method destructive and irresponsible this method, Solution :Because the comma is USED correctly to SEPARATE the introductory dependent clause (“While . . . irresponsible”) from the independent clause that follows it. Choices B, C, and D are INCORRECT because the comma in each is misplaced. Choices B and D lack a comma where ONE is needed after the dependent clause (“While . . . irresponsible”). In choice C, while a comma is provided after “irresponsible,” there is an unnecessary comma after “and.”

109.	(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below: Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away, The blood has turned their stones to rust Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah, that bright crown Has seemed to nations sweet, But God has struck its luster down In ashes at his feet. How do wars prevent the development of a country
Answer» Solution : WARS PREVENT the DEVELOPMENT of a country as due to the bllt,gt0dy wars, the GLORY of a country goes on decaying

110.	(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below: Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away, The blood has turned their stones to rust Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah, that bright crown Has seemed to nations sweet, But God has struck its luster down In ashes at his feet. How has the poet depicted the ill-effects of bloody wars
Answer» Solution :BLOODY WARS have made many EMPIRES to pass away and even the STONES have been RUSTED to decay

113.	Answer the following question in 120-150 words:Compare and contrast the characters of Mr. Lamb and Derry.
Answer» Solution :Expression: 3 marksGrammatical accuracy, appropriate words and SPELLINGS `[1//2%]`Coherence and relevance of ideas and style `[1//2%]` Value points: Both Mr. Lamb and Derry suffer from problems. Mr. Lamb had a tinned leg whereas Derry had a BURNT face. But both of them differ in their attitude towards handling their problems. Mr. Lamb  Very positive in his outlook. Sees the beauty in everything, including weeds.6Doesn’t let physical handicap prevent him from living life to the fullest.Very friendly, opened his doors to the world.  Sees that the world and people are important.Strong- doesn’t let people’s negative comments hurt him.Practical, knows one’s life is in one’s own hands.Shows understanding of Derry’s problems.DerryScared of meeting people as he hates seeing their fear of him and facing their rejection.Very sensitive—people’s comments hurt him deeply.Upset with parents’ over protectiveness and mother’s revulsion with his face.  DEFIANT, rude as he is too scared to talk to people.  Negative about everything – sees everything in a bad LIGHT.  Indulges in self-pity over his face.  Hates sympathy.Hates the world and keeps away from it.Inner deep desire to be accepted which he hides under an abrasive exterior.Changes at the end after listening to Mr Lamb. READY to face the world and overcome obstacles to do so. Finds courage and strength to get what he wants.

131.	Aggression and sledging are an essential part of Sports.'Write a debate in 150- 200 words either for or against the motion. You are Shivam/Shivani.10
Answer» Solution :DEBATEFormat :1 MARK- topic INTRODUCTION, addressing the audience, mention for /against themotion , 'Thank you' at the end‘FOR’ the Motion:Aggression is importantCreates killing instinctSharpens the desire to winDesired attitude in sports in present timesMany famous sports personalities rely on it ‘AGAINST’ the Motion:Outcome should be based on better game than aggressionLoses the fun elementCompromises sportsman spirit  Has become a business- winning at all costs makes you should ethics (Appropriate conclusion is desirable. DUE CREDIT to be given for creative responses.)

111.	(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below: Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away, The blood has turned their stones to rust Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah, that bright crown Has seemed to nations sweet, But God has struck its luster down In ashes at his feet. Pick out an example of 'antithesis' from the extract.
Answer» SOLUTION : ANTITHESIS : Their GLORY to DECAY.

112.	(B) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below: Is it the sword ? Ask the red dust Of empires passed away, The blood has turned their stones to rust Their glory to decay. And is it pride ? Ah, that bright crown Has seemed to nations sweet, But God has struck its luster down In ashes at his feet. What is the purpose of the questions used in the extract.
Answer» Solution :The questions used in the EXTRACT are used to EMPHASIZE the FACT that the things like SWORD or pride are not at all significant as they cannot last in their glory.

114.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).Which statement best captures Ken Dial’s central assumption in setting up his research?
Answer» The acquisition of FLIGHT in young birds sheds light on the acquisition of flight in their evolutionary ancestors. The tendency of CERTAIN young birds to jump erratically is a somewhat recent evolved behavior. Young birds in a controlled research setting are less likely than birds in the wild to require perches when at rest. Ground-dwelling and tree-climbing predecessors to birds evolved in parallel. Solution :CHOICE A is the best answer. The author explains that Dial CREATED his initial experiment to try and create “new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate,” and that he looked for “clues” in “how baby game birds learned to fly” (lines 8-11). The note at the beginning of the passage explains the “ageold ground-up-tree down debate” and OFFERS two different theories on how birds evolved to fly. Finally, the last paragraph of the passage discusses WAIR in an evolutionary context. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not identify Dial’s central assumption in setting up his research

115.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). Which choice best reflects the overall sequence of events in the passage?
Answer» An experiment is proposed but proves unworkable, a less ambitious experiment is attempted, and it yields data that give rise to a new set of questions. A new discovery leads to reconsideration of a theory, a classic study is ADAPTED, and the results are summarized An ANOMALY is observed and simulated experimentally, the results are compared with previous findings, and a novel HYPOTHESIS is proposed. An unexpected finding arises during the early phase of a study, the study is modified in response to this finding, and the results are interpreted and evaluated. Solution :Choice D is the best answer. The author explains that Ken Dial created an experiment to study the evolution of flight by observing how baby Chukars learn to fly. During the experiment, Dial noticed the unusual way Chukars use their “‘wings and legs cooperatively’” to scale hay bales (LINES 38-43), and he created “a series of ingenious EXPERIMENTS” (line 46) to study this observation. After his additional experiments, Dial determined that these baby birds angle “their wings differently from birds in flight” (lines 49-50). Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the sequence of events in the passage.

116.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). As used in line 7, “challenged” most nearly means
Answer» DARED. REQUIRED. disputed with. competed with Solution :Choice A is the best answer. In lines 6-9, the AUTHOR EXPLAINS that Dial was “challenged,” or dared, by graduate students to develop “new data” on a longstanding scientific DEBATE (the “ground-up-tree-down” theory). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because in this context “challenged” does not mean required, disputed with, or competed with.

117.	BRAIN DRAIN IS NOT A BANE FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE INDIA. WRITE A DEBATE IN 150 TO 200 WORDS EITHER FOR OR AGAINST THE MOTION.
Answer»

118.	b. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" It fled and I swam on.1.Who is 'I' here? Who is being addressed to as Mr. Terror? 2.Why has Mr. Terror been addressed so? 3 Why did the narrator laugh?.4.Why did Mr. Terror leave?
Answer» SOLUTION :1.William Douglas , WATER at the lake 2.Because it was trying to frighten William Douglas. 3. Because he was CONFIDENT of defeating terror. 4. Because William was no more FRIGHTENED of water.

119.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). In the second paragraph (lines 12-32), the incident involving the local rancher mainly serves to
Answer» reveal Ken Dial’s motivation for undertaking his project underscore certain differences between laboratory and field research. show how an unanticipated piece of information influenced Ken Dial’s research. introduce a key contributor to the tree-down theory Solution :Choice C is the best answer. When a rancher observed Dial’s laboratory setup, he was “incredulous” that the Chukars were living on the GROUND, and he advised Dial to give the birds “something to climb on” (lines 16-23). This “key piece of advice” (line 14) led Dial to add hay bales to his laboratory. Dial later noticed that the Chukars were USING their LEGS and wings to scale the hay bales, and this observation BECAME the focal point of his research. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the incident with the local rancher did not serve to reveal Dial’s motivation for CREATING the project, emphasize differences in laboratory and field research, or introduce a contributor to a scientific theory.

120.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
Answer» LINES 1-4 (“At field... parents”) Lines 6-11 (“So when... fly”) Lines 16-19 (“When... MEASURED”) Lines 23-24 (“At first . . . the ground”) Solution :Choice B is the best answer. In lines 6-11, the author provides evidence that Dial’s CENTRAL assumption in setting up his research is that the acquisition of FLIGHT in young birds is LINKED to the acquisition of flight in their ancestors. The author notes that Dial created a project to “come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate.” Choices A, C, and D do not provide the best evidence that Dial’s central assumption in setting up his research is that the acquisition of flight in young birds is linked to the acquisition of flight in their ancestors. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they focus on Dial’s experiment and his observations on ground birds.

121.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). As used in line 61, “document” most nearly means
Answer» PORTRAY record. publish. process. Solution :Choice B is the best answer. In lines 61-63, the author explains that DIAL named his SCIENTIFIC finding “WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to DOCUMENT it in a wide range of species.” In this CONTEXT, Dial “documented,” or recorded, the existence of WAIR in numerous bird species. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, “document” does not mean to portray, publish, or process.

122.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). After Ken Dial had his “‘aha’ moment” (line 41), he
Answer» tried to TRAIN the birds to fly to their perches. studied videos to determine why the birds no LONGER hopped. observed how the birds dealt with gradually steeper inclines. consulted with other researchers who had studied Chukar Partridges. Solution :Choice C is the best answer. The author explains that Dial’s “aha moment” came when he determined the Chukars used “their legs and WINGS cooperatively” to scale the hay bales (lines 40-42). Dial then created additional experiments to study how the birds dealt with gradually steeper inclines: “[he filmed] the birds as they raced up textured RAMPS tilted at increasing angles” (lines 46-48). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Dial’s “aha moment” was not FOLLOWED by Dial teaching the birds to fly, studying videos to find out why the birds no longer hopped, or consulting with other researchers

123.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).The passage identifies which of the following as a factor that facilitated the baby Chukars’ traction on steep ramps?
Answer» The speed with which they climbed The position of their flapping wings The alternation of wing and foot movement Their continual hopping motions Solution :Choice B is the best answer. Dial observed that as the CHUKARS raced up steep RAMPS, they “began to flap” and “aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force . . . to keep their FEET firmly pressed against the ramp” (lines 49-53). Dial determined that the position of their flapping wings facilitated the baby Chukars’ traction on the steep ramps. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the passage does not INDICATE that the Chukars’ speed, alternation of wing and foot movement, or continual hopping motions facilitated their traction on steep ramps

124.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
Answer» Lines 4-6 (“They jumped... air Lines 28-29 (“They really... traveling”) Lines 57-59 (“The birds... slopes”) Lines 72-74 (“SOMETHING... theory” Solution :Choice D is the BEST ANSWER. In lines 73-75, the AUTHOR provides EVIDENCE that “the flapping flight stroke” is “something gliding animals don’t do.” Choices A, B, and C do not provide the best evidence that gliding animals do not use a flapping stroke to aid in climbing slopes. These choices do not contain information about gliding animals.

125.	At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their Line 5- parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said, describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project Line 10- to see what clues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly. Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discovery without a key piece of advice from the local line 15- rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The rancher line 20- was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But line 25- as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought Line 30- in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip. Barely a teenager at the time, young Terry Dial was visibly upset when his father got back. “I asked line 35- him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said, ‘Terrible! The birds are cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the line 40 - while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities. Working together with Terry (who has since gone line 45- on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a series of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up textured ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from line 50- birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car,” he explained, which is a very apt analogy. In Formula One racing, line 55- spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as they speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes. line 60- Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient line 65- alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling. In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on line 70- surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for line 75- half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis). What can reasonably be inferred about gliding animals from the passage?
Answer» Their young tend to hop along beside their parents instead of flying beside them. Their method of locomotion is similar to that of ground birds They use the ground for feeding more often than for perching. They do not use a flapping stroke to AID in climbing slopes. Solution :Choice D is the best answer. In lines 70-74, the author explains that gliding animals do not use a “flapping flight stroke,” or WAIR, wing-assisted incline running. Since Chukars, a ground bird, use WAIR to help scale steep inclines, it can be REASONABLY inferred that gliding animals do not use WAIR to aid in climbing slopes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the passage does not INCLUDE information on gliding animals’ offspring, their method of locomotion, or their feeding HABITS.

126.	At what age did the tiger king start tiger hunting?
Answer» 50years old 30 YEARS old 20 years old 10 years old Answer :C

127.	A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture Planned obsolescence, a practice (34) ul("at which") products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul("usefulness"), has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales, but it also stands in (36) ul("austere") contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them, as repair shops are rare and (37) ul("repair methods are often specialized"). In 2009, an enterprising movement, the Repair Café, challenged this widely accepted belief. [1] More like a (38) ul("fair then") an actual café, the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, (39) ul("wanting") to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul("straightforward, however"): reduce waste, maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills, and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing, appliances, furniture, and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors, electricians, and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café, others have been hosted in theater foyers, community centers, hotels, and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul("they await")for service, patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42) Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills, Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made, Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods. Though the concept remained a local trend at first, international Repair Cafés, all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website, have since arisen in France, Germany, South Africa, the United States, and other countries (44) ul("on top of that"). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools, as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result, the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically, innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence. As the number of corporate and service-based jobs has increased, the need for people who work with their hands has diminished. Should the writer make this addition here?
Answer» Yes, because it provides an example of specific repair skills being lost. Yes, because it elaborates on the statistic about the NETHERLANDS’ municipal waste. No, because it blurs the PARAGRAPH’s focus by introducing a topic that is not further explained. No, because it contradicts the CLAIMS made in the rest of the paragraph. Solution :Choice C is the BEST answer because it accurately states that the ISSUE of “corporate and service-based jobs” is not particularly relevant at this point in the paragraph. The focus here is on repairing objects in a “throwaway culture,” not jobs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because each misinterprets the relationship between the proposed text and the information in the paragraph.

128.	A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture Planned obsolescence, a practice (34) ul("at which") products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul("usefulness"), has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales, but it also stands in (36) ul("austere") contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them, as repair shops are rare and (37) ul("repair methods are often specialized"). In 2009, an enterprising movement, the Repair Café, challenged this widely accepted belief. [1] More like a (38) ul("fair then") an actual café, the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, (39) ul("wanting") to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul("straightforward, however"): reduce waste, maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills, and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing, appliances, furniture, and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors, electricians, and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café, others have been hosted in theater foyers, community centers, hotels, and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul("they await")for service, patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42) Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills, Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made, Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods. Though the concept remained a local trend at first, international Repair Cafés, all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website, have since arisen in France, Germany, South Africa, the United States, and other countries (44) ul("on top of that"). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools, as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result, the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically, innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume. To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 5 should be placed
Answer» where it is now. before sentence 1. after sentence 3. after sentence 6. Solution :Choice C is the best answer because it appropriately places sentence 5, which describes the places Repair Cafés can be FOUND today, between a sentence that GIVES the first Repair Café’s LOCATION and purpose and a statement about current customers and how they use Repair Cafés. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because each creates a paragraph with an inappropriate shift in verb TENSE and, therefore, an illogical sequence of information.

129.	A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture Planned obsolescence, a practice (34) ul("at which") products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul("usefulness"), has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales, but it also stands in (36) ul("austere") contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them, as repair shops are rare and (37) ul("repair methods are often specialized"). In 2009, an enterprising movement, the Repair Café, challenged this widely accepted belief. [1] More like a (38) ul("fair then") an actual café, the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, (39) ul("wanting") to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul("straightforward, however"): reduce waste, maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills, and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing, appliances, furniture, and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors, electricians, and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café, others have been hosted in theater foyers, community centers, hotels, and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul("they await")for service, patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42) Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills, Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made, Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods. Though the concept remained a local trend at first, international Repair Cafés, all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website, have since arisen in France, Germany, South Africa, the United States, and other countries (44) ul("on top of that"). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools, as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result, the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically, innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume. Which choice provides information that best supports the claim made by this sentence?
Answer» NO CHANGE obsolete goods can become collectible items. no ONE knows whether something will fall into disrepair again. new designs often have “bugs” that must be worked out. Solution :Choice A is the best answer because by mentioning the “SPECIALIZED” methods used in repair shops, it SUGGESTS that repairing goods is seen as a specialty rather than as a common activity. This connects logically with the “rare” repair shops introduced just before the underlined portion. CHOICES B, C, and D are incorrect because none provides information that supports the claim made in the sentence.

130.	A Quick Fix in a Throwaway Culture Planned obsolescence, a practice (34) ul("at which") products are designed to have a limited period of (35) ul("usefulness"), has been a cornerstone of manufacturing strategy for the past 80 years. This approach increases sales, but it also stands in (36) ul("austere") contrast to a time when goods were produced to be durable. Planned obsolescence wastes materials as well as energy in making and shipping new products. It also reinforces the belief that it is easier to replace goods than to mend them, as repair shops are rare and (37) ul("repair methods are often specialized"). In 2009, an enterprising movement, the Repair Café, challenged this widely accepted belief. [1] More like a (38) ul("fair then") an actual café, the first Repair Café took place in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. [2] It was the brainchild of former journalist Martine Postma, (39) ul("wanting") to take a practical stand in a throwaway culture. [3] Her goals were (40) ul("straightforward, however"): reduce waste, maintain and perpetuate knowledge and skills, and strengthen community. [4] Participants bring all manner of damaged articles—clothing, appliances, furniture, and more—to be repaired by a staff of volunteer specialists including tailors, electricians, and carpenters. [5] Since the inaugural Repair Café, others have been hosted in theater foyers, community centers, hotels, and auditoriums. [6] While(41) ul("they await")for service, patrons can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their neighbors in need. (42) Though only about 3 percent of the Netherlands’ municipal waste ends up in landfills, Repair Cafés still raise awareness about what may otherwise be mindless acts of waste by providing a venue for people to share and learn valuable skills that are in danger of being lost. (43) It is easy to classify old but fixable items as “junk” in an era that places great emphasis on the next big thing. In helping people consider how the goods they use on a daily basis work and are made, Repair Cafés restore a sense of relationship between human beings and material goods. Though the concept remained a local trend at first, international Repair Cafés, all affiliated with the Dutch Repair Café via its website, have since arisen in France, Germany, South Africa, the United States, and other countries (44) ul("on top of that"). The original provides a central source for start-up tips and tools, as well as marketing advice to new Repair Cafés. As a result, the Repair Café has become a global network united by common ideals. Ironically, innovators are now looking back to old ways of doing things and applying them in today’s cities in an effort to transform the way people relate to and think about the goods they consume.
Answer» NO CHANGE from which so that whereby Solution :CHOICE D is the best answer because it provides a conjunction that CORRECTLY identifies the relationship between “a practice” and the actions INVOLVED in the practice. CHOICES A, B, and C are incorrect because each contains a conjunction that miscommunicates the relationship between the text that precedes and FOLLOWS the underlined portion.

132.	(A) Read the following extract and answer the questions given below : Old women once were continents. They had deep woods in them, lakes, mountains, volcanoes even, even raging gulf. When the earth was in heat They melted, shrank. leaving only their maps. You can fold them and keep them handy: who knows, they might help you find your way home. Pick out the lines highlighting the impotance of old women.
Answer» Solution :(i) Old women once were CONTINENTS. (ii) You can fold them and keep them HANDY. (iii) Who knows they might help you find your WAY HOME.