Quiz about English in Class 14

Question 1

Asias rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010.  With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the regions economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The worlds fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the worlds extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty not enough of the regions economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people.  In urban areas of China for example the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics.  While Factory Asia may be true for manufacturing and information technology services vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped with many people having no access to simple banking let alone other financial services. Asias future prosperity and the eradication of extreme poverty will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality.  It is essential to balance the regions economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads telecommunications or government policies that dont allow them to easily borrow or save Asias poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion continuing to promote economic diversification and by spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.  There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings.  When describing where Asia stands today its useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that since the information age has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy.  The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asias economic potential reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade and generate growth in tourism. Conversely a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the wests · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance an Asian century is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asias leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use including water and food and success in managing the regionscarbon footprint.  Asias challenges remain for-midable and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the Asian century but this is far frompreordained.In the authors opinion what are the areas where western government can help Asia boost economic development?  I. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders. western governments can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. II. Asia can capitalise on financial lessons from the west Particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asian savings. i Ill. Factory Asia can make vast number of its people literate and employed.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 2

Asias rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010.  With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the regions economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The worlds fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the worlds extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty not enough of the regions economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people.  In urban areas of China for example the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics.  While Factory Asia may be true for manufacturing and information technology services vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped with many people having no access to simple banking let alone other financial services. Asias future prosperity and the eradication of extreme poverty will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality.  It is essential to balance the regions economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads telecommunications or government policies that dont allow them to easily borrow or save Asias poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion continuing to promote economic diversification and by spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.  There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings.  When describing where Asia stands today its useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that since the information age has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy.  The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asias economic potential reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade and generate growth in tourism. Conversely a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the wests · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance an Asian century is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asias leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use including water and food and success in managing the regionscarbon footprint.  Asias challenges remain for-midable and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the Asian century but this is far frompreordained.What suggestions has the author of this passage made that can help Asian governments stem widening inequality in the region? I. By creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion.  II. By continuing to promote economic diversification.  Ill. By spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 3

Asias rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010.  With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the regions economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The worlds fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the worlds extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty not enough of the regions economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people.  In urban areas of China for example the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics.  While Factory Asia may be true for manufacturing and information technology services vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped with many people having no access to simple banking let alone other financial services. Asias future prosperity and the eradication of extreme poverty will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality.  It is essential to balance the regions economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads telecommunications or government policies that dont allow them to easily borrow or save Asias poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion continuing to promote economic diversification and by spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.  There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings.  When describing where Asia stands today its useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that since the information age has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy.  The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asias economic potential reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade and generate growth in tourism. Conversely a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the wests · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance an Asian century is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asias leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use including water and food and success in managing the regionscarbon footprint.  Asias challenges remain for-midable and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the Asian century but this is far frompreordained. Which of the following is not true as per the given information in the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 4

Asias rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010.  With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the regions economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The worlds fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the worlds extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty not enough of the regions economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people.  In urban areas of China for example the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics.  While Factory Asia may be true for manufacturing and information technology services vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped with many people having no access to simple banking let alone other financial services. Asias future prosperity and the eradication of extreme poverty will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality.  It is essential to balance the regions economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads telecommunications or government policies that dont allow them to easily borrow or save Asias poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion continuing to promote economic diversification and by spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.  There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings.  When describing where Asia stands today its useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that since the information age has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy.  The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asias economic potential reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade and generate growth in tourism. Conversely a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the wests · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance an Asian century is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asias leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use including water and food and success in managing the regionscarbon footprint.  Asias challenges remain for-midable and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the Asian century but this is far frompreordained. Which of the following statement (s) isare correct in the context of the passage? I. Asias per capita income reached approximately $5000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010.  II. The number of people living below the $1.25 a day poverty line in Asia fell by 430 million between 2005 and 2010. Ill. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 5

Asias rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010.  With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the regions economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The worlds fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the worlds extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty not enough of the regions economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people.  In urban areas of China for example the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics.  While Factory Asia may be true for manufacturing and information technology services vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped with many people having no access to simple banking let alone other financial services. Asias future prosperity and the eradication of extreme poverty will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality.  It is essential to balance the regions economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads telecommunications or government policies that dont allow them to easily borrow or save Asias poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion continuing to promote economic diversification and by spending on social services education and healthcare and regional road sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.  There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings.  When describing where Asia stands today its useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820 Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that since the information age has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy.  The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asias economic potential reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade and generate growth in tourism. Conversely a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the wests · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance an Asian century is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asias leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use including water and food and success in managing the regionscarbon footprint.  Asias challenges remain for-midable and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the Asian century but this is far frompreordained. What in your opinion should be the appropriate title of the given passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 6

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Vast

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 7

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 8

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. An appropriate title for the passage would be

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 9

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is a cause for gravity? (A) Mindset (B) Socialization  (C) Limited focus

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 10

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Heralded

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 11

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Regressive

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 12

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Paradigm

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 13

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Distinct

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 14

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. The main idea of the passage is

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 15

Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products processes technologies business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels idea frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesnt appeal to todays business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products servicespromotions processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 16

(A) Most importantly the labour market (B)We can expect to see continued spillovers (C ) Into other area of the economy (D) Combinedwith a broader unravelling of credit markets (E ) Parliament should act quickly to keep the economy from stalling

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 17

(A) It is increasingly manifested in their converging interests (B)To invest in greater coordination security cooperation (C ) to ensure Eurasian connectivity plans (D) that are truly multilateral (E ) and also finacially and environmentally sustainable.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 18

(A) The era of sharing space for designated slots of time is here.  (B) Then came renting and leasing. But even that is passe.  (C ) There were times when properties were bought and companies raised grand edifices to house their offices with paraphernalia.  (D) With nearly two decades of the new millennium behind us today the new technology is urging compaction of time and space.  (E) The future lies in aggregation of time and space.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 19

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following hashave been sustaining the Current Account Deficit in context of the passage above?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 20

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following is most SIMILAR to the word given in bold in the above passage? DEBACIB

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 21

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the above passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 22

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. After the 2013 failure of Rupee what helped it stabilize in 2014?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 23

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following isare true in context of the passage above?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 24

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. What style of writing has been used in the passage above?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 25

Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar the Indian rupee is among Asias worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices.  The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change Indias sharply widening trade deficit at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier) thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. Indias current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure increasing costs of overseas borrowing further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves which have been falling over the past few months.  Indias forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the countrys plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following is most OPPOSITE m mean mg to . the word given in bold in the above passage? CONTEMPLATE

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 26

(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand.  (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible.  (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system.  (D) However Chinas railways are not problem free.  (E ) Chinas railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally.  (F) For example at present about280000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 27

(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand.  (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible.  (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system.  (D) However Chinas railways are not problem free.  (E ) Chinas railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally.  (F) For example at present about280000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 28

(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand.  (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible.  (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system.  (D) However Chinas railways are not problem free.  (E ) Chinas railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally.  (F) For example at present about280000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 29

(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand.  (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible.  (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system.  (D) However Chinas railways are not problem free.  (E ) Chinas railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally.  (F) For example at present about280000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 30

(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand.  (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible.  (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system.  (D) However Chinas railways are not problem free.  (E ) Chinas railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally.  (F) For example at present about280000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 31

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. ACUFE

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 32

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. PARADOX

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 33

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. CONIROLLING

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 34

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. The author is advocating inclusion of

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 35

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. Which of the following is one of the reasons of forests being a conflict-ridden issue?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 36

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation.Landless women when in decision making role

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 37

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. Why does author say Rural womens relationship with forests is complex?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 38

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. In the second question the interviewer asked -ls there an evolution of argument here? Which of the following best describes that?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 39

A pioneering new book Gender and Green Governance explores a central question If women had adequate representation in forestry institutions would it make a differnece to them their communities and forests as a national resource? Interview with the author.  Why has access to forests been such a conflict-ridden issue? This is not surprising. Forests constitute not just community and national wealth but global wealth. But for millions forests are also critical for livelihoods and their daily lives. Your first book. Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes (1886) was about forests. Is there an evolution of argument here? Yes indeed In Cold Hearts and Barren Slopes I had argued that social forestry with its top-down implementation and focus on commercial species was neither social nor forestry and would protect neither forests nor village livelihoods. The answer I argued lay in allowing forests communities to manage local forests. Finally in 1890 India launched the joint forest management programme and. Nepal also started community forestry. So l decided to see for myself how community forestry was actually doing.  Between 1895 and 1899 I travelled extensively across India and Nepal and found paradox Forests were indeed becoming greener but womens problem of firewood shortages persisted and in many cases had become more acute. Also de~pite their high stakes in forests women continued to be largely excluded from forest management. I coined the term participatory exclusions to describe this However the current book is less about womens exclusion. I ask What if women were present in forest governance ? What difference would that make ? But has this question not been raised before ?  Economists researching environmental collective action have paid little attention to gender. Scholars from other disciplines focussing on gender and governance have been concerned mainly with womens near absence from governance inst_itutions. Th.e presumption is that once women are present all good things will follow. But can we assume this? No. Rural womens relationship with forests is complex. On the one hand their everyday dependence on forests for fire-wood fodder etc creates a strong stake in conservation. On the other the same dependence can compel them to extract heavily from forests. As one landless woman told me Of course it hurts me to cut a green branch but what do I do if my children are hungry? Taking an agnostic position I decided to test varied propositions controlling for other factors.  What did you find ?  First womens greater presence enhances their effective voice in decision-making. And there is a critical mass effect If forests management groups have 25-33 per cent female members in their executive committees it significantly increases the likelihood of women attending meetings speaking up and holdi_ng office. However the inclusion of landless women makes a particular difference. When present in sufficient numbers they are more likely to attend meetings and voice their concerns than landed women. So what matters is not just including more women but more poor women.  Second andunexpectedly groups with more women typically make stricter forest use rules. Why is this the case ? Mainly because they receive poorer forests from the forest department lo regenerate these they have to sacrifice their immediate needs. Women from households with some land have some fall back. But remarkably even in groups with more landless women although extraction is higher they still balance self- interest with conservation goals when placed in decision-making positions.  Third groups with more women outperform other groups in improving forest conditions despite getting poorer forests. Involving women substantially improves protection and conflict resolution helps the use of their knowledge oflocal biodiversity and raise childrens. awareness about conservation. Which of the fol lowing best describes participatoryexclusion as used in the interview?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 40

A. The newspaper man the flower seller the milkman the sweeper they are all privy to the chattingand sharingof news that the elderly find comforting.  B. When we remove them from their homes it is not only the family that they are being removed from but all those other people that they see every day and whose joys and woes become their own. C. In our system of living the elderly at home have a circle of acquaintances and friends.  D. The loneliness of the of the discarded elderly from surroundings they have been part of for decades we put an un-mendable tear in the fabric of their lives.

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 41

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Realize

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 42

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Sustained

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 43

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Susceptibility

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 44

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Ensure

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 45

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Dramatically

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 46

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Burgeon

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 47

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Adversely

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 48

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy _____ .

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 49

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Which of the following statement is incorrect in thecontext of the given passage?

Accepted Answer

NA

Question 50

A stated objective of economic policy planning is achievement of high rates of growth of the economy and sustained improvement in the standards ofliving of people. A rapid growth in employment opportunities for all sections of the society associated with rising GDP growth is essential to realize this objective as also to achieve the goal of lnclusive Growth. Since lndia became part of the global economy and underwent economic reforms in 1891 its economy grew at a faster rate ofnearly 9 per cent per annum till 20 I 0. In the process India has becotne the fourth largest economy in the world. In the last two decades a significant proportion of the population across the country has reaped the benefits of this economic growth. They have become the part of global economy and market and their lives have transformed into one of global citizens with all the comforts and luxury in life.  Apart from this burgeoning middle class in the country the .economic growth seemed to have touched the lives of the poor also. According to the National Sample Survey results people livmg below poverty line have dramatically come down du.rmg the post economic reform era. Many economists question this dramatic change m poverty level. The fruits of economic growth have not benefited everyone uniformly. Some are left behind and some others are not touched by the benefits of economic growth. It is proved globally that the so-called trickle down effect does not work in all the societies and India is no exception to this. There are various reasons for th is uneven development in the society.  Modern economy is technology driven and not labour- intensive. High volume of high quality goods and services are produced with fewer labour hands. In short the modern economy is not generating much employment and sometimes it displaces and replaces labour with machines and tools . During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females. During this period the unemployment rate remained almost same for rural males and decreased by just one percentage for urban male. On the other hand unemployment among females increased by one percentage for urban and rural females economic development process. Such groups need government intervention to ensure that they are not left behind in the development process and deprived of the benefits because they do not have the capacity to be part of the global economy. The government needs to develop safety nets for such groups and try to mainstream them in the development process. They need welfare measures in the form of poverty alleviation programmes to ensure that they survive if not prosper in this era of economic reform. Further the poor are not a homogeneous population and their capacity to survive the economic reform varied from one group of poor to another. Especially those who are below the poverty line or the poorest among the poor need more government help. Growing integration of our economy with the global economy has increased the susceptibility of the economy to the vagaries of global economic forces. Recent global recession adversely affected Indian economy and hence the employment scenario in the country as well.  Which factor(s) isare essential to realise the objective of economic policy planning and achieve the goal of inclusive growth? I. A rapid growth in employment opportunities. II. Rising GDP growth III. Increase in foreign trade

Accepted Answer

NA

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(A) Most importantly the labour market' (B)/We can expect to see continued spillovers (C )/ Into other area of the economy, (D) / Combinedwith a 'broader unravelling of credit markets, (E )/ Parliament should act quickly to keep the economy from stalling

(A) It is increasingly manifested in their converging interests (B)/To invest in greater coordination security cooperation (C )/ to ensure Eurasian connectivity plans (D) that are truly multilateral, (E ) and also finacially and environmentally sustainable.

151.	Asia's rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010. With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the region's economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The world's fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the world's extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty, not enough of the region's economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people. In urban areas of China, for example, the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. While "Factory Asia" may be true for manufacturing and information technology services, vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped, with many people having no access to simple banking, let alone other financial services. Asia's future prosperity, and the eradication of extreme poverty, will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality. It is essential to balance the region's economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads, telecommunications, or government policies that don't allow them to easily borrow or save, Asia's poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social, economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion, continuing to promote economic diversification, and by spending on social services, education and healthcare, and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people. There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders, they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west, particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links, and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings. When describing where Asia stands today, it's useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia, but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output, with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that, since the information age, has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy. The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century, and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world, with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asia's economic potential, reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run, an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade, and generate growth in tourism. Conversely, a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the west's · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics, and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance, an "Asian century" is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asia's leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use, including water and food, and success in managing the region'scarbon footprint. Asia's challenges remain for-midable, and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the "Asian century", but this is far frompreordained.In the author's opinion what are the areas where western government can help Asia boost economic development? I. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders. western governments can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. II. Asia can capitalise on financial lessons from the west, Particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links and promoting bonds to better utilise Asian savings. i Ill. "Factory Asia" can make vast number of its people literate and employed.
Answer» only ll Only ILL Both I and III Both L and ll Answer :D

152.	Asia's rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010. With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the region's economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The world's fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the world's extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty, not enough of the region's economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people. In urban areas of China, for example, the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. While "Factory Asia" may be true for manufacturing and information technology services, vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped, with many people having no access to simple banking, let alone other financial services. Asia's future prosperity, and the eradication of extreme poverty, will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality. It is essential to balance the region's economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads, telecommunications, or government policies that don't allow them to easily borrow or save, Asia's poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social, economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion, continuing to promote economic diversification, and by spending on social services, education and healthcare, and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people. There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders, they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west, particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links, and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings. When describing where Asia stands today, it's useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia, but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output, with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that, since the information age, has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy. The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century, and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world, with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asia's economic potential, reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run, an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade, and generate growth in tourism. Conversely, a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the west's · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics, and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance, an "Asian century" is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asia's leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use, including water and food, and success in managing the region'scarbon footprint. Asia's challenges remain for-midable, and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the "Asian century", but this is far frompreordained.What suggestions has the author of this passage made that can help Asian governments stem widening inequality in the region? I. By creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion. II. By continuing to promote economic diversification. Ill. By spending on social services, education and healthcare and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people.
Answer» Only I Both II and III Both I and II All I, II and III ANSWER :D

153.	Asia's rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010. With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the region's economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The world's fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the world's extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty, not enough of the region's economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people. In urban areas of China, for example, the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. While "Factory Asia" may be true for manufacturing and information technology services, vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped, with many people having no access to simple banking, let alone other financial services. Asia's future prosperity, and the eradication of extreme poverty, will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality. It is essential to balance the region's economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads, telecommunications, or government policies that don't allow them to easily borrow or save, Asia's poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social, economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion, continuing to promote economic diversification, and by spending on social services, education and healthcare, and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people. There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders, they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west, particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links, and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings. When describing where Asia stands today, it's useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia, but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output, with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that, since the information age, has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy. The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century, and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world, with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asia's economic potential, reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run, an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade, and generate growth in tourism. Conversely, a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the west's · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics, and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance, an "Asian century" is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asia's leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use, including water and food, and success in managing the region'scarbon footprint. Asia's challenges remain for-midable, and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the "Asian century", but this is far frompreordained. Which of the following is not true as per the given information in the passage?
Answer» In urban areas of China, the GINI coefficient that is a measurement used to calculate inequality has risen more than 45% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water. The infant MORTALITY rate in many Asian nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. Investment rates in Asia averaged 35 per CENT of Gross Domestic Product over the decade Answer :A

154.	Asia's rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010. With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the region's economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The world's fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the world's extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty, not enough of the region's economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people. In urban areas of China, for example, the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. While "Factory Asia" may be true for manufacturing and information technology services, vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped, with many people having no access to simple banking, let alone other financial services. Asia's future prosperity, and the eradication of extreme poverty, will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality. It is essential to balance the region's economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads, telecommunications, or government policies that don't allow them to easily borrow or save, Asia's poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social, economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion, continuing to promote economic diversification, and by spending on social services, education and healthcare, and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people. There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders, they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west, particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links, and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings. When describing where Asia stands today, it's useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia, but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output, with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that, since the information age, has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy. The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century, and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world, with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asia's economic potential, reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run, an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade, and generate growth in tourism. Conversely, a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the west's · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics, and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance, an "Asian century" is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asia's leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use, including water and food, and success in managing the region'scarbon footprint. Asia's challenges remain for-midable, and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the "Asian century", but this is far frompreordained. Which of the following statement (s) is/are correct in the context of the passage? I. Asia's per capita income reached approximately $5000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. II. The number of people living below the $1.25 a day poverty line in Asia fell by 430 million between 2005 and 2010. Ill. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output.
Answer» Only I Onlyll Both I and II Both II and III ANSWER :D

155.	Asia's rapid rise is the most successful story of economic development in recent histo(y. Income per capita reached nearly $5.000 in purchasing power parity terms in 2010. lnvestment rates averaged 35% of GDP over the decade. The number of people living below the $1 .25-a-day poverty line fell by 430 millionbetween2005 and 2010. With such achievements at a time when much of the rest of the world struggles with austerity measures and economic recovery. Asian leaders might be tempted to switch to autopilot. But closer examination of the region's economic and socialprospects soon reveals many paradoxes. The world's fastest growing region remains home to nearly half the world's extreme poor. While Asia has made tremendous inroads in the fight against poverty, not enough of the region's economic prosperity is reaching its poorest people. In urban areas of China, for example, the Gini coefficient (a measurement used to calculate inequality) has risen more than 35% since 1890. Nearly half a billion Asians still lack access to safe drinking water any infant mortality in many nations is more than 10 times higher than the levels seen in developed economics. While "Factory Asia" may be true for manufacturing and information technology services, vast number of its people are illiterate and unemployed. Its financial sector is underdeveloped, with many people having no access to simple banking, let alone other financial services. Asia's future prosperity, and the eradication of extreme poverty, will require much more than simply high growth. Growth must be accompanied by a narrowing of inequality. It is essential to balance the region's economic expansion with more inclusive policies. Cut off by poor roads, telecommunications, or government policies that don't allow them to easily borrow or save, Asia's poor and vulnerable are watching the chasm between rich and poor grow ever wider. That gap in prosperity can aggravate simmering social, economic and political tensions.Asian governments can help stem widening inequality by creating better conditions for the private sector to take the lead on economic expansion, continuing to promote economic diversification, and by spending on social services, education and healthcare, and regional road, sea and air networks that will open more opportunities to more people. There are areas where western governments can help too. By investing in infrastructure alongside public lenders, they can help attract much larger sums from the private sector. Asia can also capitalise on financial lessons from the west, particularly when it comes to setting banking regulations, strengthening regional links, and promoting bonds to better utilise Asiansavings. When describing where Asia stands today, it's useful to remember that what we are witnessing is not the emergence ofAsia, but rather the re-emergence of Asia. In 1820, Asia accounted for about 60% of total global output, with China and India together accounting for nearly half of global GDP. This was followed by nearly two centuries of economic decline once the western industrial evolution took hold - a trend that, since the information age, has been solidly reversed. By implementing structural reforms and opening their economics. China and others have rapidly emerged as engines of the global economy. The recent Asian Development Bank study suggests that we could see Asia producing over half of global GDP by mid- century, and 3 billions Asians would be considered part f the rich world, with capita income levels equal to that of Europe today. Carefully calibrated government support can help steer Asia's economic potential, reducing political risks while opening new markets to help move the west beyond the current crisis. In the long run, an Asian economy built on sustainable growth can support greater levels of trade, and generate growth in tourism. Conversely, a weaker Asia presents a host of threats to the west's · future growth and prosperity. Embracing globalisation and regional co-operation has helped bring developing Asia success. By further strengthening this process by focusing on greater access and inclusion within economics, and pursuing sustainable development and improved governance, an "Asian century" is both plausible and within reach. But policies that worked when Asia was low-income and capital scarce are less likely to work today and unlikely to work in the future. Asia's leaders must devise bold and innovative national policies while pursuing regional and global co-operation. Long term prosperity will depend on the intensity of resource use, including water and food, and success in managing the region'scarbon footprint. Asia's challenges remain for-midable, and its future prosperity m~st be earned. The right policy choices today could indeed make this the "Asian century", but this is far frompreordained. What in your opinion should be the appropriate title of the given passage?
Answer» ASIA's Economic Rise and Paradoxes Asia's Rise and Europe's Re-emergence Economic BACKWARDNESS of Asia Developed and DEVELOPING Regions of the world ANSWER :A

156.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Vast
Answer» diverse deliberate MINUTE VALID ANSWER :C

157.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage?
Answer» A change in mindset can help promot innovation The author believes INDIA has tremendous potential India suffers because of the belief the BREAKTHROUGH ideas can only be generated abroad Innovation AUTOMATICALLY happens if a company subscribes to the latest management strategies ANSWER :D

158.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. An appropriate title for the passage would be
Answer» INDUSTRY Problems Creativity: Boon or Curse What Ails INNOVATION India : Next SUPERPOWER Answer :B

159.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is a cause for 'gravity'? (A) Mindset (B) Socialization (C) Limited focus
Answer» Only(A) Only(B) Only(C) All of these ANSWER :A

160.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Heralded
Answer» CHASTISED appeakd CHALLENGED PROCLAIMED ANSWER :D

161.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Regressive
Answer» CUSTOMARY AGGRAVATING UNIFORM ADVANCED ANSWER :D

162.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Paradigm
Answer» CATEGORY DIFFICULTY HYPOTHESIS NONE of these ANSWER :D

163.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Distinct
Answer» INFREQUENT ABUNDANT COMPLEX CAUTIOUS ANSWER :D

164.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. The main idea of the passage is:
Answer» INDIA has tremendous potential INDIAN companies NEED to EXPAND to international markets the more things change the more they temain the same creative thinking is the key to india's success ANSWER :D

165.	Can the last fifteen years be called the most successful decade and a half in Indian history and will the next fifteen be equally successful ? Consider a culture where independent thinking is not encouraged. Or take the example of traditional family run business with vast resistance to change or a whole nation who believes that breakthrough ideas can be generated abroad but never at home. Partly responsible is socialization from early years we are taught not to question our elders but at workplaces this creates · a hurdle for new thinking. Being unable to change radically gives rise to a culture where even the smallest change is heralded as a break through. Indian corporate leaders have done well standing up to global giants as their companies have grown in size and market share. To be successful in international markets they need to be distinct-distinct products, processes, technologies, business models and ogranisations. The bottom line will 'be innovation. Creativity workshops are organized to channel people to think differently. There are fantastic ideas being generated all the time but no industry breakthrough. Simply because of gravity-a regressive force exerted by a mindset. Thinking has therefore to happen at three levels : idea, frame and paradigm. From a narrow focus on either product or process innovation organizations need to look at innovatingthe whole ecosystem of the organization. Many a time wariting for a hundred percent ,il ution before going to the market the oranization fo nat it could end up waiting forever. Moreover sometimes organizations are too focused on today to see tomorrow. Since management mandates are short-term, sowing the seed for a revenue stream today and leaving its benefits to be reaped by a successor doesn't appeal to today's business leader. This is a serious hurdle to innovation. Establishing a function called innovation management or training employees through creativity workshops will have few benefits unless each frontline employee is empowered to share his innovative ideas with management. What happens to this system when the person driving the change leaves the organization ? The approach to innovation hence needs to be system driven rather than people driven. In thirty years India can be the largest world economy save China and the US. However as companies grow there exists a resemblance in their products, services,promotions, processes and pricing and so on. There remains only one escape from this trap. Which of the following is true in the context of the passage?
Answer» Following tried and tested methods will ENABLE a company to continue being successful globally A crisis is the OPTIMAL TIME for a company to make changes Generating new opportunities for the future should be the focus of innovation EMPOWERING employees to VOICE their opinions causes disharmony in the company Answer :C

166.	(A) Most importantly the labour market' (B)/We can expect to see continued spillovers (C )/ Into other area of the economy, (D) / Combinedwith a 'broader unravelling of credit markets, (E )/ Parliament should act quickly to keep the economy from stalling
Answer» DECA DEAC ECBD No correction REQUIRED Solution :The CORRECT sequence is DBCA. SENTENCE E is the odd one out.

167.	(A) It is increasingly manifested in their converging interests (B)/To invest in greater coordination security cooperation (C )/ to ensure Eurasian connectivity plans (D) that are truly multilateral, (E ) and also finacially and environmentally sustainable.
Answer» ACDE ADCE BACE None of these Solution :ACDE is the CORRECT sequence. Sentence B is the ODD ONE out.

168.	(A) The era of sharing space for designated slots of time is here. (B) Then came renting and leasing. But even that is passe. (C ) There were times when properties were bought and companies raised grand edifices to house their offices with paraphernalia. (D) With nearly two decades of the new millennium behind us today, the new technology is urging compaction of time and space. (E) The future lies in aggregation of time and space.
Answer» EBCDA ECBDA EADCB ECDBA Solution :ECBDA

169.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following has/have been sustaining the Current Account Deficit in context of the passage above?
Answer» Foreign DIRECT INVESTMENT Portfolio Investment Curbs on non-essential IMPORTS Both (a) and (B) Solution :Both Foreign Direct Investment and Portfolio Investment have been sustaining the CURRENT account deficit. Refer 3rd Para first two lines.

170.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following is most SIMILAR to the word given in bold in the above passage? DEBACIB
Answer» CORKER Smash Dandy Catastrophe SOLUTION :DEBACLE: a sudden and ignominious FAILURE, a fiasco. Synonym: Catastrophe

171.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the above passage?
Answer» Past Trends of Economy Declining IMPORTS and Exports Rupee at risk The Uncertain POLITICAL SCENARIO Solution :The most APPROPRIATE TITLE for the passage is 'Rupee at risk' as it deals with various factors affecting decline of rupee and which put its value at risk.

172.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. After the 2013 failure of Rupee, what helped it stabilize in 2014?
Answer» Increase in FDI Wide Trade DEFICIT Both (b) and (d) Decline in Oil Prices Solution :Refer the following line in PARAGRAPH 2, 'The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 DEBACLE'.

173.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following is/are true in context of the passage above?
Answer» India's forex reserves fell to$ 399.282 BILLION from $ 400.100 billion India's CURRENT account deficit (CAD) widened to $14.9 billion in the second quarter of2018 The first quarter of 2018 has· seen a net OUTFLOW of $8.1 billion Both (A) and (C) Solution :Both (a) and (c) are CORRECT here.

174.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. What style of writing has been used in the passage above?
Answer» Expository Descriptive Persuasive Narrative Solution :The STYLE of writing USED in the passage is Expository. The passage consists of various facts and FIGURES, thus MAKING it expository

175.	Amidst several parameters going askew for the Indian economy, two ~ its current account deficit and its sliding rupee ~ are attracting the greatest outcry, more so because of the shrill assault that the present Prime Minister had launched against his predecessor during the 2013 slide of the rupee. At 72.23 to the dollar, the Indian rupee is among Asia's worst-performing currencies with nothing on the horizon auguring well for it, particularly with there being no reason to expect a decline in oil prices. The 2014 oil price decline had helped stabilize the rupee after the 2013 debacle. With oil imports a given, not all the cheer about improved exports spurred by a weaker rupee can do much to change India's sharply widening trade deficit, at $17 .39 billion in August 201 8 (up from $ 12. 72 billion in the corresponding month a year earlier), thanks to imports surging 25 .4 per cent to $45.24 billion. India's current account deficit (CAD) widened to $15.8 billion (2.4 per cent of the gross domestic product GDP) in the second quarter of 2018 from $14.9 billion a year earlier (2.5 per cent of the GDP). What has been sustaining the CAD thus far are global flows, a basket of foreign direct investment and portfolio investment supported by foreign reserve management. Indeed, FDis have been supportive of the Indian currency in the past, when global financial conditions were not as tight. Currently, portfolio investments are under pressure and the first quarter of2018 has seen a net outflow of $8.1 billion on this account from a happy inflow of$2.3 billion inflow in the last quarter of 2017. Given the current circumstances - including the uncertain political scenario - and past trends, the International Monetary Fund assesses that global markets may not be able to finance a CAD above three per cent of GDP and even optimistic projections place the CAD at 2.9 per cent of the GDP. In essence, India may well have kick-started a vicious cycle 'with a higher CAD putting the rupee under greater pressure, increasing costs of overseas borrowing, further affecting Inditis foreign exchange reserves, which have been falling over the past few months. India's forex reserves fell to $ 399.282 billion on 7 September 2018 from$ 400.100 billion. This slippage to under$ 400 billion happened for the first time in a year and indicated that the Reserve Bank of India was selling dollars to stem the fall of the rupee. A drop in foreign currency assets (FCAs) was mainly responsible for the country's plight. It goes without saying that falling forex reserves would send the CAD further north and force the government into uncomfortable straitjackets. It has been forced to contemplate five measures including curbs on non-essential imports. Industries dependent on some of these imports will be the first to start screaming. Which of the following is most OPPOSITE m mean mg to . the word given in bold in the above passage? CONTEMPLATE
Answer» Muse DELIBERATE OPINE Disregard Solution :CONTEMPLATE: thinls DEEPLY and at length. Antonym: Disregard

176.	(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand. (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible. (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system. (D) However China's railways are not problem free. (E ) China's railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally. (F) For example at present about2,80,000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the THIRD sentence after rearrangement?
Answer» A B C E Answer :C

177.	(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand. (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible. (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system. (D) However China's railways are not problem free. (E ) China's railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally. (F) For example at present about2,80,000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?
Answer» A B C D Answer :A

178.	(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand. (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible. (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system. (D) However China's railways are not problem free. (E ) China's railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally. (F) For example at present about2,80,000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement?
Answer» A B C F Answer :D

179.	(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand. (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible. (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system. (D) However China's railways are not problem free. (E ) China's railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally. (F) For example at present about2,80,000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?
Answer» A B C D Answer :C

180.	(A) Thus rapid developmentis still unable to meet demand. (B) Surplus funds from hikes in passenger fares and cuts in staff have made this possible. (C ) This demonstratesthat it has been transformed into a modern high standard design and high service reliable system. (D) However China's railways are not problem free. (E ) China's railways have been able to generate the funds needed for the construction of new railway lines internally. (F) For example at present about2,80,000 cars are requested daily to transport goods but only half the requests can be met. Which of the following is the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?
Answer» A C D E Answer :B