Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) Chloroflorocarbon

Answer is: (b) CFC

Answer is: (c) 1987

On 16th September.

(a) Preventing the increase in earth’s temperature

(a) Prevention of ozone depletion

(d) All of these

Answer is: (c) 1992

Input Environment provided for productive and economic activities.

Between biotic and abiotic components.

Various types of plants, animals, humans, micro-organisms, etc.

Water, Air, Soil, Sunlight etc.

Noise is unusual and loud sound called.

Environment.

Cutting of forests.

Nitrogen, phosphorus etc.

(b) Carbon dioxide

(d) Hydrogen

Answer is: (a) 20-60 km

Answer is: (a) Air pollution

(d) All of these

From 5.08 million tons to 8.4 million tons.

Answer is: (a) 1997

Answer is: (b) 3 lakh

Animal kingdom and vegetation kingdom.

Increase in air pollution.

191 countries.

To stop the production of chlorofluorocarbon.

By 2010 production and consumption of Hailono stop completely.

Answer is: (a) Four

The upper thin layer of the soil on the earth’s surface is precious for life. Any adverse physical, chemical and biological alteration in it is called soil pollution.

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into the Earth’s atmosphere.

The complex interaction of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (such as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival.

1. Cutting of forests. 

2. Excessive animal grazing.

1. Soil pollution 

2. Water pollution 

3. Air pollution.

1. Habitat destruction 

2. Pollution and global warming.

Following are the types of pollution : 

• Air pollution : Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into the Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the main air pollutant. Due to increase in air pollution, acid rain is caused. Gas emitted from industrial pollution, i.e. sulphur dioxide, nitric dioxide and carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere, and form sulphuric acid, nitric acid and carbolic acid, which fall on earth along with rain.
• Water Pollution : Activities taking place in the environment which cause deterioration of properties of clean water and reduce the supply of clean water are called water pollution. Water is being polluted by mixing of industrial waste materials in sources Of clean water, dissolution of agricultural chemicals with decomposition in clean water resources, lack of proper solid waste disposal system and dissolution of radioactive materials in water. 
• Soil pollution : The upper thin layer of the soil on the earth’s surface is precious for life. Any adverse physical, chemical and biological alteration in it is called soil pollution. 
• Loss of Bio-diversity : Bio-diversity is a vital resource of the earth. Every creature has a specific genetic structure, which is an important natural resource. Various types of plants, living beings and micro organisms are the basis of bio-diversity. 
• Solid waste management : Materials lying in an improper manner and at inappropriate places, which could be used again, but which obstruct the working system of the environment, are called solid waste. The leftover materials from production of nuclear energy are included in nuclear waste. 
• Noise pollution : Unusual and loud sound is called noise. The intensity of sound is measured in decibels. The sound produced in a normal conversation has the intensity of 40- 60 decibels. Loud sound is also harmful for human health. Sound pollution can be controlled by making up various norms and laws, by making changes in the technology and by making changes in the human nature.

Meaning of Air pollution : Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere.

Cause of Air pollution : The effluent gases produced by thermal power plants, industrial units and motorized vehicles get highly concentrated in certain areas. These gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide etc. which are emitted. The rapidly increasing number of motorized vehicles, failures of industrial units to employ appropriate pollution control systems and a major share of thermal power in energy is further intensifying this problem. Motorized vehicles have the maximum contribution in this.

Conclusion : Due to increase in air pollution, acid rain is caused. Gases emitted from industrial production, i.e. sulphur dioxide, nitric dioxide and carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere and form sulphuric acid, nitric acid and carbolic acid, which fall on earth along with rain. These then coming down to earth with rain, pollute the water sources of the earth and thus affect plant and animal life adversely, buildings are harmed and soil fertility is reduced. That is why, it is needed to control the increasing acidity of the environment by limiting the emission of such gases.

Environment performs four main functions of life :

1. Firstly, it provides the necessary biotic, physical, and chemical systems for the existence of life. This includes atmosphere, rivers, fertile soil, animal and plant kingdom etc. Depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect, air pollution, water pollution and decreasing soil fertility is affecting the conditions of life very badly. 

2. Secondly, Environment provides input for production and economic activities. Natural resources can be of two types: renewable and non-renewable. Renewable natural resources can be obtained again. Their excessive exploitation can eliminate them completely. There is a limited reserve of nonrenewable natural resources. We should use them sensibly because they can be eliminated due to their excessive exploitation.

3. Thirdly, absorption functions: Waste material produce by production activities and human activities are absorbed by the Environment in itself. But this capacity of environment is limited. Absorption of long living radioactive materials and heavy elements takes a very long time and thus their waste management should be done very carefully. 4. Fourthly, providing other services like Natural beauty. These are not essential for existence of life, but they do affect the quality of life.

1. Cutting of forests. 

2. Excessive animal grazing. 

3. Use of agricultural chemicals. 

4. Rapid water run-off.

Strong sustainability is the prerequisite and foundation of any human development, whether social, economic or technological. It means the preservation of the integrity of all ecological systems in the biosphere.

A conference on global warming was organized in Kyoto city of Japan in 1997. An agreement was made in it which has been accepted by 169 countries. For clean development process, it was decided that the country’s industries should achieve the required deduction of 5 per cent. From the level of 1990 by the year 2010. This Protocol is effective from 2005.

Due to the depletion of ozone layer.

Environment provides the necessary ways for life.

America and Australia.

Ozone layer.

By air pollution.

Carbon Dioxide.

Motor vehicles.

Existence of plants, animals, humans and micro-organisms is termed as biodiversity.