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 OIL Tanker which sank in 1989 along the coast of Alaska and marine LIFE seriously affected.

It spilled 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl) (or 37,000 metric tonnes) of crude oil over the next few days. It is considered to be one of the worst human-caused environmental disasters. The VALDEZ spill is the second largest in US waters, after the 2010 Deep water Horizon oil spill, in terms of volume released

 threatened SPECIES

Red Data Book is a state document established for documenting RARE and ENDANGERED species of animals, plants, and fungi, as well as some local subspecies that exist WITHIN the territory. The Red Data Book contains the complete LIST of threatened species.

 JANUARY and summer

When it is January and WINTER in the NORTHERN Hemisphere, it is January and summer in the SOUTHERN Hemisphere.

 STUDY of TREES

The SCIENTIFIC study of trees is CALLED DENDROLOGY.

 AFFORESTATION

Soil EROSION can be PREVENTED by afforestation.

 herbivores

ANIMALS that EAT only PLANTS are called herbivores (or primary consumers). Animals that eat other animals are called carnivores.

 Uppermost LEVEL of the forest

The uppermost branches of the TREES in a forest, forming a more or less continuous LAYER of foliage.

 50-60 % of AIR POLLUTION

Mobile COMBUSTION ACCOUNTS 50-60 % of air pollution.

 all of these

All of these

 There is little water VAPOR in the air to absorb and re-radiate INFRARED RADIATION

There is little water vapor in the air to absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation.

 Biosphere

The PORTION of the EARTH and its ENVIRONMENT which can support LIFE is known as biosphere.

 Arthur G Tansley

The term ECOSYSTEM was first used in 1935 in a publication by British ECOLOGIST Arthur Tansley. Tansley devised the concept to draw attention to the importance of transfers of materials between organisms and their ENVIRONMENT.

 Wet-bulb TEMPERATURE

The LOWEST temperature that can be ATTAINED by EVAPORATING WATER into the air is the wet-bulb temperature.

 Methyl Isocyanate

The disaster happened because water entered a tank containing Methyl isocyanate. This CAUSED a chemical REACTION which resulted in the buildup of MUCH Carbon DIOXIDE, among other things.

 Physical quality of life index

The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) is an ATTEMPT to measure the quality of life or well-being of a COUNTRY. The value is the average of THREE statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life EXPECTANCY at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale.

 DISSOLVED SO₂

Rain during November is more acidic than MONSOON rain DUE to dissolved SO₂.

 ozone depletion

Skin cancer is an ABNORMAL growth of skin CELLS. It most often develops on areas of the skin exposed to the sun’s RAYS. Skin cancer affects people of all colors and races, ALTHOUGH those with light skin who sunburn easily have a HIGHER risk.

 PHOSPHORUS cycle

Sedimentary CYCLES INCLUDE those of iron, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and other more-earthbound ELEMENTS.

 HYDROCARBONS

 Rain WATER

Rain water is diffused into the ground by GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.

 At saturation, latent heat of condensation is released into the air

If the dewpoint happens to be much lower than the temperature, the air will COOL off much more rapidly at night than if the dewpoint was closer to the temperature in the evening. This is why dry regions such as the high plains and desert regions have such large differences between the high and low temperature.
Moist areas, such as regions NEAR the COAST tend to have a smaller spread between the high and low temperature. If the air has a high moisture content, some LONGWAVE radiation emitted by the earth's surface will be radiated back toward the surface.

 TROPOSPHERE

The troposphere is the lowest layer of EARTH's atmosphere. Most of the mass (about 75-80%) of the atmosphere is in the troposphere. Most types of clouds are FOUND in the troposphere, and almost all WEATHER OCCURS within this layer.

 Ozone

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation but LETS other TYPES of radiation, such as visible light, pass through. Molecules of ozone absorb ultraviolet radiation. The ozone gas throughout the stratosphere is called the ozone layer. It absorbs HARMFUL ultraviolet radiation from the SUN.

 PRAIRIES

In North AMERICA TEMPERATE grasslands are called prairies.

 All of these

The EXTENT of DAMAGE or danger posed to the environment depends upon the radioactive material concentration, the energy EMITTED by the RADIATION, proximity of the radioactive MATERIALS to those exposes, and the radiation type.

 all of these

All of these PLACES.

 Standing or still water habitat

A lentic ecosystem entails a body of standing water, ranging from ditches, seeps, ponds, SEASONAL pools, basin MARSHES and LAKES. Deeper waters, such as lakes, may have layers of ecosystems, influenced by light. Ponds, due to their having more light PENETRATION, are able to support a DIVERSE range of water plants.

 dN/dt=rN

The FORMULA of growth RATE for POPULATION in given time is dN/dt=rN.

 FOSSIL fuel

The OZONE at GROUND level is primarily from fossil fuel PRECURSORS.

 DETRITIVORE

A detritivore is an animal FEEDING on decaying ORGANIC matter. It is a heterotroph that obtains nutrients by consuming DETRITUS. Examples include millipedes, earthworms, fiddler crabs, sea CUCUMBERS.

 Oxygen

The concentration of the oxygen WOULD fall and this causes the death of the aquatic ANIMALS DUE to the suffocation. Hence, the correct ANSWER is 'non-availability of oxygen'.

 MUTUALISM

The relationship between nitrogen FIXING BACTERIA and leguminous PLANTS is an example for Mutualism.

 GORGE

A NARROW valley with steep SIDES is known as Gorge.

 TIME of maximum SOLAR RADIATION and the time of maximum temperature

The lag in daily temperature REFERS to the time lag between the time of maximum solar radiation and the time of maximum temperature.

 RIO de Jeneiro in 1992

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also KNOWN as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and the Earth Summit (PORTUGUESE: ECO92), was a MAJOR United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June in 1992.

 angiosperms

The angiosperms (also called FLOWERING plants) are a major GROUP of land plants, with 250,000 species having been DESCRIBED. Angiosperms comprise one of the TWO groups in the seed plants
The flowering plants cover their seeds by including them in a true fruit. They bear the reproductive organs in a structure called a FLOWER; the ovule is enclosed within a carpel (female reproductive organ of a flower), which will lead to a fruit.

 Sunderlal Bahuguna

Bahuguna is also KNOWN for coining the CHIPKO SLOGAN 'ecology is permanent ECONOMY'.

 Aerosols

Aerosols are tiny solid or liquid particles that are SUSPENDED in the air. Most aerosols are microscopic and too SMALL to see individually WITHOUT a MICROSCOPE. Aerosols include things LIKE dust, pollen, smoke, and even cloud droplets.

 Association between MEMBERS of two SPECIES

Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term BIOLOGICAL interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each TERMED a symbiont, may be of the same or of different species.

 NATIONAL PARKS

Animals and PLANTS are BEST PROTECTED in national parks.

 PAN

Peroxyacyl NITRATES being a secondary POLLUTANT is not EMITTED directly from the automobiles or power plants but is formed from the POLLUTANTS emitted from the automobiles and power plants through the CHEMICAL reaction.

 Stratosphere

The ozone LAYER is mainly FOUND in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9.3 to 21.7 mi) above EARTH, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles FABRY and Henri Buisson.

 ACID RAIN

Burning of coal PRODUCES oxides of sulphur and nitrogen which combined with water vapor leads to acid rain.

 FUNGI

Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem. Examples of biotic components INCLUDE animals, plants, fungi, and BACTERIA. Abiotic components are non-living components that influence an ecosystem. Examples of abiotic FACTORS are temperature, air currents, water, and MINERALS.

 February 02

World Wetlands Day is celebrated every year on 2 February to raise GLOBAL AWARENESS about the value of wetlands for humanity and the planet. It ALSO marks the adoption of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1971 in the Iranian CITY of Ramsar.

 Corbett National Park

The first wildlife reserve of India, JIM Corbett National Park or 'Corbett Tiger Reserve' is situated in the Nainital DISTRICT of Uttarakhand. It covers 1318 sq KM of area, in which 500 sq. km is the core area and rest PART is the buffer ZONE.

 INCREASE until it becomes equal to the dew POINT temperature

As AIR is cooled and no moisture is added, the relative humidity will increase until the air REACHES saturation (100% RH). The temperature of the air when this occurs is called the dew point temperature.

 STRATOSPHERE

The ozone layer is mainly FOUND in the LOWER portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9.3 to 21.7 mi) above Earth, ALTHOUGH its THICKNESS varies seasonally and geographically. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.