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COUNTERS are used for MEASURING the ‘volumetric flow’ of the fluid in a PIPELINE.

Counters are used for measuring the ‘volumetric flow’ of the fluid in a pipeline.

1 CUBIC METER = 264.2 GALLONS.

1 Cubic Meter = 264.2 gallons.

Each turbine meter is specified with a ’K’ factor which represents the NUMBER of pulses produced per a KNOWN quantity of liquid.

EXAMPLE: k = 265 pulsed/gallon

Generally the ‘k’ factor is provided by the manufacturer.

Each turbine meter is specified with a ’k’ factor which represents the number of pulses produced per a known quantity of liquid.

Example: k = 265 pulsed/gallon

Generally the ‘k’ factor is provided by the manufacturer.

Turbine meter is a good flow measuring unit when the FLUID is low clean fluid. The turbine meter measures the volumetric flow. It is directly installed on the flow line. Its ACCURACY in flow measurement is high. Accuracy can be re-calculated and the ‘K’ factor can be reset PERIODICALLY.

Turbine meter is a good flow measuring unit when the fluid is low clean fluid. The turbine meter measures the volumetric flow. It is directly installed on the flow line. Its accuracy in flow measurement is high. Accuracy can be re-calculated and the ‘k’ factor can be reset periodically.

The magnetic pickup inside the turbine meter PRODUCES pulses around 30 mv peak to peak. A pre-amplifier magnifies the small signal to a 12 V DC peak to peak square waves and TRANSMITS a signal to the control ROOM.

The magnetic pickup inside the turbine meter produces pulses around 30 mv peak to peak. A pre-amplifier magnifies the small signal to a 12 V DC peak to peak square waves and transmits a signal to the control room.

The output of the turbine meter is in pulses. The PULSE per the volume of liquid is CONSTANT and DISTINCT for each meter. When a known quantity of liquid flows through the meter, a known NUMBER of pulses are produced.

The output of the turbine meter is in pulses. The pulse per the volume of liquid is constant and distinct for each meter. When a known quantity of liquid flows through the meter, a known number of pulses are produced.

A magnetic PICKUP INSTALLED above a TURBINE METER measures the NUMBER of magnetic flux cut by the turbine meter blades and produces pulses proportional to the volume of liquid flow through the meter.

A magnetic pickup installed above a turbine meter measures the number of magnetic flux cut by the turbine meter blades and produces pulses proportional to the volume of liquid flow through the meter.

Upstream of a flow control VALVE a pressure TRANSMITTER is installed to measure the operating pressure. At TIMES it is used for computing the true flow against the designed pressure. Downstream of the control valve the pressure changes as the control valve OPEN and closes.

Upstream of a flow control valve a pressure transmitter is installed to measure the operating pressure. At times it is used for computing the true flow against the designed pressure. Downstream of the control valve the pressure changes as the control valve open and closes.

A FLOW transmitter is always INSTALLED on the upstream of the flow CONTROL VALVE in order to maintain the operating pressure across the flow transmitter sensors. Downstream of the control valve the pressure changes as the control valve OPEN or closes.

A flow transmitter is always installed on the upstream of the flow control valve in order to maintain the operating pressure across the flow transmitter sensors. Downstream of the control valve the pressure changes as the control valve open or closes.

A simple calculation is as follows:

Q1/Q2 = SQ root of DP1/ Sq root of DP2

Q1 = Q2 * Sq root of DP1/ Sq root of DP2

Q1 = New FLOW factor, Q2 =Existing flow factor

DP1 = TRANSMITTER new RANGE, DP2= Transmitter existing range

Q1 = Q2*SQ ROOT OF 50/25

Q1 = 1.41*Q2

The new flow factor will be 1.41 TIMES higher than the existing flow factor.

A simple calculation is as follows:

Q1/Q2 = Sq root of DP1/ Sq root of DP2

Q1 = Q2 * Sq root of DP1/ Sq root of DP2

Q1 = New flow factor, Q2 =Existing flow factor

DP1 = Transmitter new range, DP2= Transmitter existing range

Q1 = Q2*SQ ROOT OF 50/25

Q1 = 1.41*Q2

The new flow factor will be 1.41 times higher than the existing flow factor.

If the operating pressure is HIGHER than the designed pressure the true FLOW will be higher then the measured pressure. A simple calculation is as follows.

Q = Q1* sq root of p1/P2

Q = True Flow

Q1= Measured Flow

P1= Operating pressure

P2= Designed Pressure

If the operating pressure is higher than the designed pressure the true flow will be higher then the measured pressure. A simple calculation is as follows.

Q = Q1* sq root of p1/p2

Q = True Flow

Q1= Measured Flow

P1= Operating pressure

P2= Designed Pressure

Flow measurement is less accurate compared to level, temperature and PRESSURE measurement. This is due to the consideration of various PARAMETERS while measuring a flow. These parameters, such as the accuracy of the orifice plate diameter, the PIPELINE diameter their operating parameters such as temperature and pressure do not remain same in the process OPERATION as the design parameters. Generally, an accuracy of 5% is permitted in a flow measurement.

Flow measurement is less accurate compared to level, temperature and pressure measurement. This is due to the consideration of various parameters while measuring a flow. These parameters, such as the accuracy of the orifice plate diameter, the pipeline diameter their operating parameters such as temperature and pressure do not remain same in the process operation as the design parameters. Generally, an accuracy of 5% is permitted in a flow measurement.

Zero Check: A procedure for checking the transmitter output is EQUAL to 4.00 mA when its HP & LP chambers are EQUALIZED and are at the atmospheric pressure.

STATIC Zero Check: A procedure for checking the transmitter output is equal to 4.00 mA when its HP & LP chambers are equalized and are at the OPERATING pressure.

Zero Check: A procedure for checking the transmitter output is equal to 4.00 mA when its HP & LP chambers are equalized and are at the atmospheric pressure.

Static Zero Check: A procedure for checking the transmitter output is equal to 4.00 mA when its HP & LP chambers are equalized and are at the operating pressure.

Gas line: the transmitter is installed above the orifice PLATE to prevent the CONDENSATION of gas in the signal line and in the HP & LP CHAMBERS.

LIQUID line: the transmitter is installed below the orifice plate to prevent the gas trapping in the signal line and in the HP & LP chambers.

Gas line: the transmitter is installed above the orifice plate to prevent the condensation of gas in the signal line and in the HP & LP chambers.

Liquid line: the transmitter is installed below the orifice plate to prevent the gas trapping in the signal line and in the HP & LP chambers.

A ‘flow FACTOR’ is to multiply the flow transmitter signal measured on a 0-10 SQUARE root or 0-100 linear scale to GET the flow calculated by flow metering. This is used due to the STANDARDIZATION of the transmitter’s signals, to 20-100 kPa or 4-20mA.

A ‘flow factor’ is to multiply the flow transmitter signal measured on a 0-10 square root or 0-100 linear scale to get the flow calculated by flow metering. This is used due to the standardization of the transmitter’s signals, to 20-100 kPa or 4-20mA.

Flow is measured on a square root scale only when the measurement is DONE through an orifice plate and a DP TRANSMITTER. The flow measured through the orifice plate is always proportional to the square root of the DP across the orifice plate.

Q = K 6 sq root of DP

Q = Flow

K = Constant

DP = Differential PRESSURE

Flow is measured on a square root scale only when the measurement is done through an orifice plate and a DP transmitter. The flow measured through the orifice plate is always proportional to the square root of the DP across the orifice plate.

Q = k 6 sq root of DP

Q = Flow

K = Constant

DP = Differential Pressure

PDO in general, is USING the ‘Flange TAPPING’. The upstream and downstream orifice tapping are taken from the flanges.

PDO in general, is using the ‘Flange Tapping’. The upstream and downstream orifice tapping are taken from the flanges.

An UPSTREAM of 28D and a down STEAM of minimum 7D is essential for an accurate orifice plate flow measuring system (where D= pipe line diameter). GREATER the upstream and downstream LENGTH, lesser the flow turbulence and greater the accuracy in the flow measurement.

An upstream of 28D and a down steam of minimum 7D is essential for an accurate orifice plate flow measuring system (where D= pipe line diameter). Greater the upstream and downstream length, lesser the flow turbulence and greater the accuracy in the flow measurement.

The UPSTREAM can be identified by the orifice plate Tag number MARKINGS. Tag numbers are always MARKED on the upstream of the orifice plate.

The upstream can be identified by the orifice plate Tag number markings. Tag numbers are always marked on the upstream of the orifice plate.

The ORIFICE plate used in a gas line will be having a SMALL DRAIN whole at the BOTTOM of the orifice plate.

The orifice plate used in a gas line will be having a small drain whole at the bottom of the orifice plate.

0.25 D&LT;d<0.75 D

‘d’ – the ORIFICE DIAMETER should be in-between 0.25 and 0.75 of the PIPELINE ‘D’ diameter.

0.25 D<d<0.75 D

‘d’ – the Orifice diameter should be in-between 0.25 and 0.75 of the pipeline ‘D’ diameter.

An orifice PLATE CREATES a DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE in a flow LINE. The DP created is use for measuring the flow through the process line.

An orifice plate creates a differential pressure in a flow line. The DP created is use for measuring the flow through the process line.

It explains that when there is a restriction line a fluid flow line a ‘DP’ (differential pressure) is created. The DP is maximum at the Veena contract POINT. The flow measured in the flow line is proportional to the square ROOT of the DP measured where ‘K’ is a constant.

Q= k 6(sq root of (DP))

It explains that when there is a restriction line a fluid flow line a ‘DP’ (differential pressure) is created. The DP is maximum at the Veena contract point. The flow measured in the flow line is proportional to the square root of the DP measured where ‘K’ is a constant.

Q= k 6(sq root of (DP))

Orifice plate and a DP TRANSMITTER, Daniel Orifice and a DP Transmitter, ROTA METER, PD METERS.

Orifice plate and a DP transmitter, Daniel Orifice and a DP Transmitter, Rota meter, PD meters.

ORIFICE plate and a DP TRANSMITTER, Daniel orifice and DP transmitter, Rota meter, DELL Tube, VENTURA Tube, PD meters…etc.

Orifice plate and a DP transmitter, Daniel orifice and DP transmitter, Rota meter, Dell Tube, Ventura Tube, PD meters…etc.

Volumetric Flow: The total amount of fluid passed through a process line. Generally it is measured on counters. The MEASURING unit is CUBIC meter, BARRELS…etc.

Rate of flow: The amount of fluid moving through a process line PER period of time. Generally it is measured on INDICATORS, recorders. The measuring unit is cubic meter per day, barrels per day…etc.

Volumetric Flow: The total amount of fluid passed through a process line. Generally it is measured on counters. The measuring unit is cubic meter, Barrels…etc.

Rate of flow: The amount of fluid moving through a process line per period of time. Generally it is measured on indicators, recorders. The measuring unit is cubic meter per day, barrels per day…etc.