Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(a) Nuclear fusion; two smaller nuclei combine to form a bigger nucleus with the release of energy, brought about under the conditions of high temperature and pressure.

(b) Particle c is neutron; x= 1

(c) Energy liberated

(d) Millions of degree of temperature and millions of pascals of pressure.

(e) Hydrogen bomb.

Uses of natural gas: 

(i) As a fuel in thermal power plants. 

(ii) As a fuel in transport vehicles. 

(a) Nuclear fission; a large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei with the release of energy, brought about by the absorption of a neutron.

(b) Particles c is neutron; x = 3 

(c) Energy liberated 

(d) Nuclear power station 

(e) Atom bomb

The answer is (b) Sun

Nuclear Power Station

The answer is (b) burning of fossil fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur in the atmosphere

Acid rain happens when rain water mixes with oxides of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur in the atmosphere.

Einstein’s equation: E=mc² where E is the amount of energy produced if mass m is destroyed, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. 

Methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. 

Advantages of using biogas over fossil fuels are: 

Biogas burns without smoke, leaves no residue unlike coal. Biogas is cheaper as compared to fossil fuels.

A reaction in which the particle which initiates (starts) the reaction is also produced during the reaction to carry on the reaction further and further is called a chain reaction.

 A good fuel is the one which 

• has high calorific value, 
• is non-polluting, 
• is easy to transport and easily available, 
• has moderate ignition temperature.

Acid rain: The rain containing the acidic oxides such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur.

Acid rain happens because of burning of fossil fuels which release oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur in the atmosphere.

The  answer is (a) Potential energy possessed by stored water is converted into electricity.

• Water stored in dams possess potential energy. 
• When it is released it possess potential energy which is used to turn the turbines. 
• Turbines produces electricity.

The answer is (b) Sun

• Plants produce food by using solar energy. 
• Fossil fuels are produced from dead plants. 
• Hence Sunlight is the source of all energy either directly or indirectly

Any source of energy whether renewable or non-renewable source of energy contributes to environmental pollution directly or indirectly. 

Let us take the example of hydro energy. Hydro energy does not emit any air pollutant but it harms environment in the following ways: 

The negative impacts of hydro power plant on ecosystem are as follows: 

1. Since dams always have a reservoir where abundant quantity of water is stored, the blocking of flowing water causes harm to aquatic animals and their migration. 

2. Dams also cause submerging of the nearby lands and all the natural areas, agricultural lands and hence requires relocating of the people who lived previously near the dam area. 

In case of wind energy the windmill blades are injurious to the birds.

Due to formation of Lactic acid.

Pyruvic acid.

Citric acid.

1. Anaerobic respiration is the cellular respiration that does not involve the atmospheric oxygen. It is also called as fermentation. 

2. It involves glycolysis where the product of glycolysis i.e. pyruvate is converted to either lactic acid or ethanol. It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process. Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H⁺ to ethanol and Carbon dioxide. Since ethanol is produced during the process, it is termed alcoholic fermentation.

It is a process of anaerobic respiration where the pyruvic acid undergoes reduction by addition of one proton and two electrons donated by NADH+H⁺ to form lactic acid as the product and NAD⁺ as the byproduct of oxidation. Skeletal muscles usually derive energy by this process.

• Ports — States
• Cambaby — Gujarat
• Broach — Gujarat
• Surat — Gujarat
• Goa — Goa
• Nagapatanam — Tamil Nadu
• Kozhikode — Kerala
• Kollam — Kerala

Answer is Ibn Battuta

The government played significant role in the promotion of medieval trade and commerce. The measures taken by the government include the following.

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

• Water prosperity in River Kaveri
• Alluvaial deposit of its tributaries
• Canal constructed for irrigation by the Chola Kings
• The measures taken by the Samitis that worked under the Sabhas, the body for village administration.

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

• Forming
• Construction for farming purposes
• Handicrafts
• Spinning and weaving
• Metallurgy and mining
• Trade and commerce

• Large scale cultivation of crops helped attain food security.
• As part of agricultural progress, irrigation facilities improved in the country.
• Several industries based on agricultural products were developed in medieval India.
• Textile Industry, weaving, and spinning, handi-crafts, metallurgy and mining flourished in India leading to economic prosperity.
• Surplus agricultural production helped the growth of commerce and trade.
• Trade centers and ports were developed.

Urdu language a mixture of Persian and Hindavi.

Babar is founder of the Mughal Empire

Persian is administrative language of the Mughal Empire.

Bahadur Shah Zafar

Ulamas opposed the Mughal art and painting

Diwan-i-ala.

Abdul Hamid Lahori

Aurangzeb reintroduced Jizya.

Akbar introduced this. The day of the Emperor started with prayers. Then he would appear in a balcony which faced eastward. Jharoka is this balcony. All kinds of people – soldiers, traders, artisans, agriculturists, women with sick children – waited for this darshan of the Emperor. This is called jharoka darshan. This was a way of getting the support of the people and increasing the acceptability of the government.

Jharoka darshan was introduced by Akbar.

Abul Fazl qualified picture painting as a magical art. He believed that it had the power to give life to even inanimate things.

Pictures showing the Emperor, the court, and people created constant conflicts between the rulers and the ulamas. These ulamas based their objection on the Koran and Hadith. The ulamas said that making pictures of people is against Islamic law. By making pictures, the artist is questioning the authority of God to create things. They believed that the power of creation belonged entirely to God.

Mughals believed in the theory of divine kingship. They believed and propagated that their authority came directly from God. The court historians explained the legend of Queen Alanqua to propagate this divine kingship theory and divya prakasam. Alanqua was taking rest in her camp. She was conceived by the rays of the sun. Her son had bequeathed this divine right to all the future kings. Thus the Mughal king also got this divine light.

Agra is the first capital of the Mughals.

(a) Kitab Khana means place where different process of production of books like making paper, printing, binding etc. were done. 

(b) It was a place where the emperor's collection of Manuscripts were kept and produced.

(a) Introduced by Akbar as the state religion. 

(b) God is one and Akbar is the representative of the prophet. 

(c) To Utter-Allah-Hu-Akbar. 

(d) The followers deemed the fire as sacred and worshipped the Sun God. 

(e) Vegetarian followers. 

(f) They looked up on all religions with a sense of respect. 

(g) Performed their obituaries during their lifetime. 

(a) Babar and Humayun did not get the time to construct the buildings. 

(b) During Akbar's period - Agra Fort, Buland Darwaja, Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Panch Mahal, Jodha Bai's Palace, Birbal Palace, Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chisti. 

(c) Akbar's Tomb - Sikandara. 

(d) Jama Masjid, Taj Mahal, Moti Masjid, Lal quila Delhi-Shahjahan. 

(e) Shahi Masjid at Lahore by Aurangzeb.