Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Under the Lucknow Pact, the League jointly with the Congress put forward the demand for a Dominion Status for India. This was an important step towards Hindu- Muslim unity.

(a) Abul Fazl wrote Akbarnama. 

(b) Content - It is divided into three books. 

(c) Ain-i-Akbari the first volume contains the history of mankind from Adam to one celestial cycle of Akbar's life. 

(d) Second volume closes in the forty sixth regional years (1601) of Akbar.

(e) To provide a detailed description of Akbar's reign. 

(f) It gives a synchronic picture of all aspects of Akbar's empire - geographic, social, administrative and cultural.

The unity between the Muslim League and the Congress, on the one hand and the early nationalists and the assertive nationalists, on the other, aroused great political enthusiasm and strengthened the national movement.

Indians who received modem education could now read western thought and literature. They were exposed to the revolutionary changes taking place in the west – the American and French Revolutions. They became aware of the ideas of democracy, equality and nationalism. The reform movement also played an important role. All this brought the people together and created unity among them.

• A variety of industries and occupations help us to fulful our needs, for example, we need books for studying and paper for books. 
• That is why occupations like manufacturing papery printing books, binding, etc. also develop. 
• Thus the variety of occupations in the society. help us in fulfilling our needs.

• A variety of industries and occupations help to fulfil our needs. 
• This leads to development of our skills and capabilities. 
• Our basic needs are fulfilled in society. 
• We depend on each other for our emotional’ needs such as security, appreciation, praise, j support, etc. 
• Thus our life in society is interdependent.

I will encourage him to pursue his talent and will inform the elders in the society about his talent and request them to help j him. I can also encourage him to participate in the functions organised by the society and thereby showcase his talent.

Society helps in the development of our emotional capabilities and power to think. It also provides the opportunity for expressing our thoughts and feelings.

Singers/ musicians.

TRUE

• Living in society, man felt the need for rules to help in the smooth functioning of day to day matters. 
• Rules have made our life organised and stable.

(i) emotional need

(ii) organised and security life way of life.

Rules gave rise to conventions, ethics, values, rules and laws.

Education and health related services and facilities allow us to live with dignity.

Family members, friends.

Education, health.

Food, clothing.

(i) stable

(ii) dignity

(iii) family

Security, appreciation.

We like the company of our family members, relatives and friends.

I will first ask if he needs help and extend a helping hand to him. I will help him cross the road and ensure that he reaches his destination safely.

First, I would ask him if I could help. I will offer him the things which he needs. If I don’t have it I will inform the teacher and ensure that it reaches him. After all a friend in need is a friend indeed.

• In order to fulfil needs like food, clothing, shelter and security, society has to create a , permanent system. 
• Without a system, the day-to-day affairs of the society cannot be carried on. 
• A system is essential for the continued existence of the society.

• A Vast systen needs to be created includes factories to manufacture tools and equipment used for farming, a market for the goods produced, etc. 
• The existence of many such systems makes a society stable and organised.

• A society is formed when people come together to achieve certain common objectives. 
• A society includes different groups, institutions and organisations.

Society provides the opportunities for expressing our thoughts and feelings and to develop our artistic and other talents.

• If there were no social institutions individual development would not have taken place at the fullest. It would be difficult to meet our physical and emotional needs. 
• There would be no social stability or security.

(i) emotional

(ii) objectives

(iii) system

(i) occupations

(ii) interdependent

(iii) capabilities

Man has moved from a nomadic stage to a settled social life.

FALSE 

A society is formed when people come together to achieve certain common objectives

Man realised that living in a group provides him security and develops an organised way of life and this was one of the main motivation for creation of society.

Food, clothes, shelter, education and health 1 are the basic needs of man.

(a) Various institutions are created to perform all functions related to agriculture which includes factories to manufacture farming tools and equipments, banks to provide loans to the farmers and a market for the agricultural products. 

(b) If the above systems did not exist it would be difficult to carry out agricultural activities.

(i) rules

(ii) Society

(iii) physical

There are several factors responsible to the building up of the feeling of nationalism in India. 

They are : 

1. Discontentment against British Rule. 

2. Political and Administrative Unification. 

3. Economic changes. 

4. Spread of modem education. 

5. Role of newspapers and the press.

(a) The British transformed a fragmented India into a united whole under their rule. They introduced a uniform and modern system of government throughout the British provinces. Uniform laws were applied to all British subjects. People from different provinces and from different communities and castes now followed the same laws and regulations. They gradually realized that they all belonged to the same country and shared a common national identity as Indians. 

(b) This growing sense of unity and nationalism was further strengthened when the British introduced a new network of roads, railways and the post and telegraph system. Social mobility and interaction increased. Caste barriers broke down. People from different parts of the country grew closer to each other. They realized that they shared common problems, common aspirations and common goals. They belonged to one nation. 

(c) The rediscovery of a past was great and glorious. It was a past that could boast of the intellectual richness of Vedic philosophy, the political unity and administrative wisdom of the Mauryas, the Golden Age of the Guptas and the cultural brilliance of the Mughals. These discoveries were made by European scholars like William Jones, Alexander Cunningham, James Princep and other Indologists, who researched India’s historical past and revealed its rich heritage. These revelations instilled in the Indians feelings of national pride and self-confidence and inspired them to dream of a new resurgent India.

Gandhiji Method of Struggle ‘Satyagraha’ is a combination of two Sanskrit words: satya (truth) and agraha (eagerness). It is based on the twin principles of truth and nonviolence. The suffering and patience of the satyagrahi was expected to bring about a change of heart in the enemy. The idea behind satyagraha was not to destroy the enemy but to transform and enlighten him.

(a) The vernacular press played a vital role in spreading modern ideas and creating national awareness. Nationalist leaders, the best among the educated middle-class intellectuals, used the press to criticize British policies and expose the evils of foreign rule. The ideas of democracy and responsible government were popularized through the press. Indians were asked to unite and work for the welfare of the nation. National literature also inspired the spirit of nationalism among the people. Novels, essays and patriotic poems written by well-known authors and poets fired the imagination of the common people and gave rise to powerful patriotic feelings. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya’s ‘Vande Mataram’ continues to evoke strong patriotic emotions among Indians even to this day. 

(b) The drain of India’s wealth to Britain, the impoverishment of the masses, industrial decay, grinding poverty, frequent famines, and the indifference and apathy of the British government produced a nationalistic reaction. The educated Indians realized the gravity of the situation and the need to have some control over economic policies. 

(c) Discriminatory policies adopted by the British: 

1. Indians were debarred from using parks, clubs, hospitals, libraries and railway coaches reserved exclusively for the British. 

2. All important positions in the administration were also reserved for the British. (Surendranath Banerjee was dismissed from the Indian Civil Service on flimsy grounds) Nominated Indian members in the Legislative Councils were not given any powers. 

3. British economic policies sacrificed Indian interests to those of the British. Lord Lytton’s discriminatory policies caused great resentment among the educated Indians.

1. Gandhi spent about 22 years in South Africa as a practicing lawyer. 

2. Under Gandhiji leadership, the Indian national movement was transformed into a mass movement. 

3. To protest against the arrest of their leaders, a public meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the year 1919. 

4. After the British brutalities in Amritsar, Gandhiji declared that it would be a sin to co-operate with the satanic government. 

5. At the Lahore session of the Congress in 1929, Poorna Swaraj. was declared as its goal.

(a) Lord Ripon, who followed Lord Lytton, wanted to change some of the discriminatory policies of the government. He approved the Ilbert Bill which allowed Indian judges to try Europeans (whites) accused of crimes. The violent reaction of the Europeans and Anglo-Indians to this proposal shocked the Indian nationalists. The Bill had to be amended. This incident blew the lid off the racial arrogance of the Europeans. It served as an eye-opener and drove home the urgent need to form an organized national bod to protect the interest and dignity of the Indians. In 1883, Surendranath Banerjee held the Indian National Conference, and within 2 years, the Indian National Congress was formed. 

(b) O. Hume was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, a political party that was later lead to Indian Independence Movement. Hume took the initiative and it was in March 1885, when the first notice was issued convening the First Indian National union to meet at Poona in December. Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians, Indian National Congress was initially not opposed to British rule. The Congress met once a year during December. A. O. Hume is known for prominent figure of Indian Independence Movement activisim and reorganizing and leading the Indian National Army in World War II. 

(c) The main aims of the Congress were: 

1. To promote friendly relations among nationalist workers in different parts of the country. 

2. To develop and strengthen feelings of national unity throughout the country. 

3. To formulate popular demands and to place them before the government. 

4. To train and organize public opinion in the country

The Muslim League was established in December 1906, under the leadership of Nawab Salimullah Khan in Dacca (now known as Dhaka).

1. The Swaraj Party was led by CR. Das and Motilal Nehru. 

2. All India Trade Union Congress was founded by N.M. Joshi in 1920. 

3. The Quit India Movement took place in the year 1942. 

4. Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934. 

5. The chairman of the Simon Commission was Sir John Simon. 

6. The Congress session of March 1940 was presided over by Maulana Abul Kalam Azab. 

7. Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc in 1939. 

8. “Diii Chalo” and “Jal Hind” were two slogans given to us by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. 

9. Lord Mountbatten came to India in 1947 as Viceroy.

1. famous – fame 

2. enviable – envy 

3. collect – collection 

4. including – inclusion

Separate electorates refers to the voting population of the country, divided into different electorates based on the factors like religion, caste, occupation etc. For example, it meant that Muslim voters could elect Muslim representatives. The introduction of separate electorates sounded the death knell of national unity. It was the first definite step on the road to the partition of India.

The main objectives of the Muslim League were as follows:

• To promote among the Muslims a feeling of loyalty towards the British government.

• To protect and promote the political rights of the Muslims.

• To prevent feelings of hostility towards other communities.

Objectives of Muslim league:

To promote among the Muslims a feeling of loyalty towards the British government.

1. To protect and promote the political rights of the Muslims.

2. To prevent feelings of hostility towards other communities.

Correct  Answer is : (d) Kankani