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In Hydra, the cells divide rapidly at a speci{ic site and develop as an outgrowth called a bud. These buds, while attached to the parent plant, develop into small individuals. When this individual becomes large enough, it detaches itself from the parent body to exist as an independent individual. 

In the Bryophyllum the leaves have small buds (as in potato). These buds later convert into small and very small plants which also have roots present on them. When these buds start growing further then the leaf becomes heavy and falls on the ground. Then the buds which are present on the Leaf dumps into ground and forms a plant.

OmnIvores: Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals. Ex: Crow, Hen, Man.

Carnivore: Carnivores are animals that only eat animals. Ex: Wolf, Tiger, Lion.

Ovum is responsible for the production of new cells through the process of fertilization. Fat cells (b) stores fat. (c) bone cell is present in the bones and (d) muscle cell is present in the muscles.

(c) United States of America

At present, millions of people use internet every day. Cyber space will expand the contemporary economic and social space of human through e – mail, e – commerce, e – learnings and e – governance. Internet, together with fax, television and radio, will be accessible to more and more people cutting across place and time. These are modern communication systems which have made the concept of global village a reality.

On the basis of breadth, the rail – lines are divided into four categories: 

1. Broad guage (1.67 m). 

2. Meter guage (1.0 m). 

3. Lift – guage (0.610 m). 

4. Narrow – guage (0.762 m).

The developed countries are economically and technically prosperous, therefore, they are able to afford high quality of materials as well the technology to build the roads, also they are capable to bear the cost of maintenance of the roads. So the roads in developed countries are good looking, comfortable and smooth for travelling. On the other hand, roads in developing countries are of inferior quality because they use lower quality of materials and technology to build roads, and their maintenance is also poor.

The internet, sometimes called simply “The Net”, is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses internet protocol site to link devices worldwide.

The merits of water tranportation are: 

1. Waterways passes through rivers, lakes, canals and oceans, therefore no special, expenses are spent for the construction of water routes. 

2. It is the cheapest means of transportation. 

3. Normally, cheap and heavy goods like coal, iron ore, iron-steel, etc. are carried through waterways. 

4. The cost of energy used in water tranport is cheaper than that of all other means of transportation. 

5. The capacity of loading of the ship is greater than the trucks, arrcrafts etc. 

6. There is no extra burden for maintenance of waterways.

Transportation is a movement of goods or persons from one place to another place by physical medium.

There are four types of transportation:

1. Land transport: Land transport includes:

(a) Road transport: The road is the cheapest means of transportation for shorter distances.

(b) Railways: Rail transportation is the best to carry heavy goods and passengers to a long distance inside a country.

2. Water transport: It is the cheapest and the best means of transportation to carry heavy goods outside the country or to other continents.

3. Air transport: It is suitable to carry light but precious goods. It is more expensive but quite reliable.

4. Pipelines: Liquid and gas can be transported through pipelines. Water transportation through pipelines is very common.

Merits of railways: 

1. Railways is the most popular means of transport for daily journey. 

2. It is the most suitable in carrying heavy goods for long distances. 

3. Railways connects the mining regions to processing plants and factories. 

Demerits: 

1. A large amount of capital is needed to lay rail lines and to make coaches. 

2. A large quantity of mineral oil is consumed to operate rail engines. 

3. On single route pattern of railways, loss of life and property often takes place due to accidents.

Internal waterway goes through rivers and lakes located in continental or terrestrial areas. The rivers or lakes with sufficient water, are suitable for this purpose. 

The major waterways of the world are:

1. Internal Waterways of Europe: The low – lying Volga river falling in the north flowing Rhine, Seine and Poe rivers, South flowing Danube, Don, Dniester and Dniester rivers and Caspian Sea are used for internal water transport.

2. Internal Waterways of North America: Besides the Great Lakes located between USA and Canada, Superior, Michigan, Huron and Erie lakes, and rivers Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio are used as internal waterways along with Saskatchewan, Mackenzie and Ottawa rivers in Canada.

3. Internal Waterways of Asia: In China rivers Hwang-Ho and Yang-tse, in south east Asia rivers like Ganga, Erawadi, Minam, Sikyang are used as internal waterways.

4. Internal Waterways of South America: Besides the large river Amazon in North Brazil and its Tributaries, Parana, Paraguay and Plata rivers also help in water transportation.

5. Internal Waterways of Africa: Big rivers like Nile, Congo, Niger are used in inland waterways Navigation in Africa.

6. In Australia, from the mouth of Murray and Darling rivers upto 1500 km interior, help in water transport.

Suez Canal has shortened the distance between India and Europe.

(d) North America

Correct option is (C) oppose the cutting of trees.

The Prince lived in a palace. No sorrow was allowed to enter there. He never had a taste of sorrow. He did not know what tears were. He always remained happy. Thus he lived, and thus he died. So his courtiers called him the Happy Prince.

The statue of the Happy Prince had been set up very high. He could thus see all the ugliness of the city and the misery of the poor people. But he could not move from his place. His feet were fastened to the pedestal. Therefore, he could not choose but weep.

Jazz player was very old and he had no interest in life. He was alone and had pain in his heart. So he kept his head down.

Here the night represents all sorrow the Sun God represents the hand that saves and clear dawn represent the bright future and calmness and the good things.

Most of our biodiversity is being lost due to human activities like logging of wood, increased agriculture, increased human habitation and pollution etc. Man has realised this mistake before it was too late. Government of India also realised the importance of wild life and initiated several programmes to preserve wild life in the country and the wild life act was passed in 1972.

Efforts towards conservation:

1. Activities leading to deforestation have been declared as illegal activities and severe punishments have been imposed. 

2. Pouching of birds and hunting their eggs are prohibited. 

3. Usage of pesticides should be minimised. Usage of biological control methods of pests should be maintained. 

4. Efforts to be made to substitude chemical fertilizers with more (natural) bio fertilizers. 

5. Pollution from the industries should be reduced.

6. Automobiles should be designed to reduce pollution. 

7. Reforestation programmes will be conducted. 

8. Gardens, parks, lakes and zoos should be developed. 

9. National parks, wild life sanctuaries, where wild life is protected, have been created. 

10. Collection, marketing and selling of forest products such as sandal wood, ivory by private parties is banned and is taken up by the Government. 

11. Construction of cell phone towers which produce radiation, should be in greater height, so that they should not be reachable to the birds.

It means the poet’s desire or wash was the motherland or mother sitting on the throne and write the future of our country. She wrote in the book of the morrow. Which signifies the earth’s destiny.

1. Imagine a forest with a carpet of wet leaves littering the ground, the flowers on the trees, we can hear the water drops, sounds of insects, birds chirping and perhaps the distant screech of a monkey – the place picturing is a park, a sanctuary or a zoo. Which gives pleasure to us. 

2. These are the homes for many plants and wild animals – and also ecorate the world. Any of them are airy and shadowy places. 

3. These dwelling places of plants and animals give us happiness. When we are in distress. They give relax – when we feel tired. They give us enjoyment when playing with our friends and they give good health – when we fall sick as they give fresh air and are the lungs of the world. 

4. They maintain ecological balance in the environment where we live. 

5. We notice the pet dog licks our feet, wags it’s tail, sits near us and walks with us we feel the affection, which gives pleasure mentally. 

6. Like this we can experience many situations plants and animals as they are the partners of our environment. So be kind towards them and protect the environment. By maintaining eco – friendly activities.

Tiger population in India at present is 3800

1. When we take steps towards conserving the tiger we have to conserve the other flora and fauna related to the tiger. 

2. If a tiger has to be saved it’s food web should be protected. 

3. The tiger depends for food on deer and many other herbivores. 

4. If the tiger disappears, the deer and other herbivores population will increase and that would affect the flora of the area. 

5. All organisms in nature influence each other in some way or the other. So we need to protect all of them.

D) All the above

(D) Food web

Mandela felt privileged to be the host s to the nations of the world because not too long ago, the South Africans were considered outlaws. He thus thanked all the international leaders for having come to witness his investiture as President since this event could be considered as a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity.

(D) Animals like leopards and bears intruding into our living places

D) i – c, ii – a, iii – b

(D) i – c, ii – b, iii

D) i – c, ii – a, iii – b

1. I would remember about the happy times spent in my classroom with my friends. My place in the classroom and learn writing again in the four lines on the board etc.

2. In ecstasy, as the cherished moments are relived and though it can’t come back in our life again, we do get a sense of satisfaction.

3. Of course friends, we cannot deny the very important role played by the teachers in shaping us what we are today. Missing only the friends because every second of the school timings was made a memorable one by them only.

4. Apart from home, school is the single most important place in the lives of most children. The experience of school will play a vital part in their lives and will determine their academic, social and probably their occupational future. The desks, the rooms, the entire ambience remained the same. The minute I saw the school. I recalled several moments, spent some time in the place where I was seated in class 1 and then went to each and every place and cherished the recalled moments. I shall never forget them. It was like a time machine which helped relive my moments. Writing: G. On seeing these pictures, you would h

1. you had/would 

2. they have 

3. he had/would

4. he is/was 

5. was not 

6. is not 

7. does not 

8. are not 

9. would not 

10. cannot

1.(f) 

2.(e) 

3.(a) 

4.(b) 

5.(c) 

6.(d) 

7. (h) 

8.(g)

My favorite sport – Gilli Danda: It is an amateur sport. The game is played with two sticks; one large called danda and the other onefourth of the size of large stick called gilli with tapered ends. The players are divided in two teams to play this game, the hitter team and the opponent team. The danda is used to flick the short gilli into the air, and hit again to make it travel to a maximum distance. In case the hitter is unable to flick the gilli. their turn gets over after three chances. The hitter’s score is measured by the distance from the place where he hit the gilli while it is up in the air. If the opposing team catches the gilli, then the hitter ends his him.

The grandfather fought in France in the First World War. The Iron Cross was a German decoration awarded for bravery during the War. The grandfather got the Cross from a German soldier.

22 May 2019

Chennai

Hi Vijay,

After a long period, I had the opportunity to revisit my ancestral house. Each and every moment was very valuable in my life. My maternal grandparents’ house in the midst of widespread greenery, a big house with unending halls and large rooms, scent of love, pleasure, moist imprint of kisses of my relatives. The house painted white with ample car parking area. My ancestral house was an antique piece due to its magnificence and splendor. The house also had the magnetic Rolls Royce car which was the most attractive commodity bought by my grandfather. I liked the view on the first floor near the balcony from which I could grasp the beautiful scenery of fields at the rear side while the market at the other side. The furniture was all one of its kind. What is said is one-tenth of these marvel, untold is innumerable. Rest in next letter as I am bit too emotionally disturbed. If there is any matter of concern do write to me. Bye. Meet you soon.

Yours friendly,

Bala

Address on the envelope:

To Vijay

23, Chari Road

Salem

He had left his childhood treasures in jackfruit tree’s hollow.

Ruskin Bond stood on the grass verge by the side of the road and looked over the garden wall at the old house. The old house was built with solid blocks of granite. There was a new outhouse and lesser trees. The jackfruit tree was at the side of the building casting its shade on the wall. There used to be a turnstile which he, as a boy, would swing round until he got dizzy. In its place now was a wall with tall hollyhocks on the side of the wall.

When he was a boy, Bond used to swing round and round the turnstile until he was dizzy.

A general meaning of forest is the accumulation of trees, scrubs or heaps of grass.

There are about 15 lakh species of birds and animals in the world. Out of these 81251 species are found in India.

Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, Great Nicobar, Sunderban, Panchmadhi, etc. are famous bio-reserves of India.

1.18

2. 103

3. Dugang

4.2008

5. 4

(b) Here, there is no restrictions on cutting of wood or grazing of cattle.

The simple meaning of forest is the accumulation of trees, scrubs, and heap of grass.

Central or State Government controls such forests. Most of the forests of the country fall under this category.

These forests are found mostly in hapazard condition or some of them are totally barren. Such a forests is owned by individuals, e.g.: Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Meghalaya possess such forests. They are called private forests.