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Totalitarian governments give full employment, vacations with pay, maternity leave, free medical care etc. This is the justification.

सत्तावादी सरकारें पूर्ण रोजगार, वेतन सहित अवकाश, मातृत्व अवकाश, निःशुल्क चिकित्सा सेवा देती है। यह औचित्य दिया गया है।

Human rights violations have caused more deaths than all the weapons of mass destruction.

मानव अधिकारों के हनन ने सामूहिक नरसंहार के हथियारों की तुलना में लोगों को अधिक मारा है।

Violations of economic needs occur from negligence such as the failure to save from famine or floods.

आर्थिक आवश्यकताओं का उल्लंघन उपेक्षा से घटित होता है जैसे कि अकाल व बाढ़ से रक्षा में असफल होना।

The right to decent living has been mentioned in article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

स्तरीय जीवन जीने के अधिकार का उल्लेख मानव अधिकारों की वैश्विक घोषणा के अनुच्छेद 25 में किया गया है।

Lenin claims that the Soviets represent a higher form of democracy and Hitler claims to be an arch democrat.

लेनिन यह दावा करता है कि सोवियतें उच्च शैली के लोकतंत्र का प्रतिनिधित्व करती हैं तथा हिटलर एक प्रधान डेमोक्रेट होने का दावा करता है।

The present day liberalism has evolved the economic and social rights.

वर्तमान समय के उदारवाद ने आर्थिक व सामाजिक अधिकार का क्रमिक विकास किया है।

Whether the weak are helped by the strong on how the society treats those who are near the bottom of its human heap is the ultimate measure of whether a society is civilized or not.

क्या कमजोरों की सहायता शक्तिशालियों द्वारा की जाती है या समाज उन लोगों के साथ कैसा व्यवहार करता है जो मानव समाज में लगभग पेंदे में हैं, एक समाज सभ्य है या नहीं इसको मापने का आखिरी उपाय है।

The underlying meaning of the sentence is to prefer freedom to chains or slavery. Human rights cannot exist in chains. Human rights are better protected and human needs are better fulfilled in freedom.

वाक्य का निहितार्थ है कि परतंत्रता या गुलामी की बजाय स्वतंत्रता को प्राथमिकता दें। परतंत्रता में मानवाधिकार अस्तित्व में नहीं रह सकते हैं। स्वतंत्रता में मानवाधिकारों की बेहतर रक्षा होती है तथा मानव आवश्यकताओं की बेहतर पूर्ति होती है।

(c) man himself

1. The first line of the passage indicates the old age (of Ernest).

2. The number of hair on Ernest’s head is compared with the wise thoughts in his mind.

3. And Ernest had ceased to be obscure’ means ‘Ernest became known (to everyone) soon’.

4. The meaning of the phrase ‘hurried on’ is ‘passed on soon’.

1. The poet was eager to see Ernest as he had heard a lot about Ernest’s wisdom and character.

2. When the poet visited Ernest, he found him (Ernest) engrossed in reading a book.

3. The poet requested Ernest to give him shelter for the night in his cottage.

4. While welcoming the visitor, Ernest observed that the Great Stone Face looked hospitably at the stranger.

The poet had been a native of the valley. One summer day he arrived at Ernest’s door and asked for a night’s shelter.

1. Poet

2. Ernest

3. Poet

4. Ernest

5. Ernest

6. Poet

7. Ernest

8. Poet

9. Ernest

10. Ernest

The poet inquired why he was sad. Ernest replied giving the reason that all through life he had awaited the fulfilment of a prophecy, and when he read those poems, he had hoped that it might be fulfilled in him. The poet answered faintly smiling that he had hoped to find in him the likeness of the Great Stone Face. Then he added humbly that he was not worthy to be its likeness.

C. The prophesised man

The oldest human rights organization is the Anti-Slavery Society founded in 1839.

प्राचीनतम मानव अधिकार संगठन का नाम एन्टिस्लेवरि सँसाइयटि है जो 1839 में स्थापित किया गया था।

1. courage 

2. surprises

3. strength 

4. cherish

A. White hairs around the brow of Ernest

By common consent, Ernest turned out to be like the Great Stone Face.

1. stardust sky 

2. nurturing heart 

3. aging hand 

4. new beginning

A. written some poems

The Great Stone Face Summary:

One afternoon, a mother with her son, Ernest, was at the door of their cottage. They were talking about the Great Stone Face. It was clearly visible in the bright sunshine. Thousands of people lived there. Everybody there, was familiar with the Great Stone Face. It was the work of nature. One day the great stone face smiled on Ernest and looked kindly. He wished to hear its pleasant voice. He longed to see a man with such a face in order to love him dearly. There was a man called Gather gold. He had left his native valley many years ago.

He had become quite rich man in a distant seaport. He decided to return to his native valley. There was a rumor that Gathergold looked like the Great Stone Face. Gather gold had the face of an old man with yellow skin. The people considered him the image of the Great Stone Face. Ernest gazed up the valley. The Great Stone Face seemed to reject Gather gold as its likeness.

Ernest had grown up to be a young man. Every day, he would go off by himself and gaze upon the Great Stone Face. He wondered why its likeness was delaying its appearance. By this time Gather gold had become poor and died without establishing his likeness with the Stone Face. Another son of the valley had joined the army as a soldier many years before. He had become a famous commander by then and came to be known as General Blood and Thunder on the battlefield.

In his old age, he desired to return to his valley. The people considered him as the likeness of the Great Stone Face. On his return, he was welcomed warmly. The gathering mistook him as the greatest man of all time. Ernest failed to recognise any likeness between Blood-and-Thunder and the Great Stone Face. His heart assured him that the real face had still to come.

Ernest was a little boy who lived with his mother in the valley. He heard about the Great Stone Pace irom his mother and his interest grew in it which smiled on him. His mother also told him the prophecy about the Pace. The boy never forgot that story. He spent hours looking at the face. He regarded it as his teacher. He was inspired to be noble, kind and helpful. These qualities made him 5 the man with the likeness of the face.

1. One should know and trust that every day is a new beginning, that miracles happen and dreams really do come true.

2. The two supernatural references in the second stanza are to angels and to the man in the moon.

1. strength and courage

2. have a positive attitude.

Ernest had heard the story from his own mother that some day a person a native of the valley would become the greatest and noblest person of his time, and his face would resemble the Stone Eace.

Ernest was now a man of middle age. His hairs turned white and there were wrinkles across his forehead and furrows in his cheeks. He had become wiser with profound thoughts. The people of the valley respected him and took his advice on several occasions.

The poet observed Earnest while he was talking to his audience. Earnest was speaking kindly but from the depth of his heart and mind. The poet felt that Earnest’s own life and character were a nobler strain of poetry than he had ever written. The poet found great similarities between the misty white clouds around the Great Stone Face and the white hairs around the brow of Earnest. So, the poet proclaimed that Earnest himself was the Stone Face.

The poet wrote songs with lofty thoughts. The poetry of the poet found his way to Earnest also. Earnest used to read the poet’s poems and songs after his day’s work and found them worthy. When the poet came to meet Earnest, he looked wise, gentle and kind. Even the Great Stone Face appeared bending forward to listen to his talk. For all these reasons, Earnest began to think that the poet was like the Great Stone Face.

My mother and I were sitting at the door of our cottage. We were looking at the Great Stone Face. I asked her if she had ever seen anyone who looked like the Stone Face. . After hearing this mom told me the story related to prophecy of that Great Stone Face. She said that there is a belief that one day a child bearing exact resemblance to the Great Stone Face, in manhood, would take birth nearby and would be destined to be the noblest and the greatest person of his time. Some people believe in the old prophecy and others take it as an idle tale.It was really an exciting story for a child like me. I became very serious about it. I asked mother,r if in her ifetime , she had seen anyone resembling to the stone face.She refused and said the whole village has the faith that one day such a man will definitely arrive,

(a) wonderful

The story that was attributed to the Stone Face was that at some future day, a child would be born near there, and he would be destined to become the greatest and noblest person of his time. His face, in manhood, would bear an exact resemblance to the Great Stone Face.

1. 1. hurried

2. wrinkles

3. furrows

4. grown

5. numerous

6. thought

2. 1. beside

2. together

3. talked

4. gentle

5. moved

6. images

(b) prediction

(i) …. and the wisdom of the man in the moon’. (Repetition of the sound of the letter ‘m’.) 

(ii) For it is through their teachings, we learn to love. (Repetition of the sound of the letters ‘t’ and T.)

The wise thoughts of Ernest made him different from others in the valley. Ernest was well-known in his valley and had become famous even beyond the valley. College professors and even the active men of cities came from far to see and converse with him. He received them with gentle sincerity and spoke freely with them of whatever came uppermost or lay deepest in his heart or their own.

Ernest commanded respect in the valley. He was heard patiently by his neighbours. He was regarded as wise and noble.

The poet had celebrated the Great Stone Face in one of his poems. When Ernest read that poem he became convinced that the poet had the likeness of the Great Stone Face. But when he met the poet, all his hopes shattered. He found no resemblance between the poet and the Stone Face. This was the reason why he became sad.

The poet became sentimental while listening to Ernest. His words had power because they had depth. They were the words of life, a life of good deeds and selfless love. The poet felt that the life and character of Ernest were of a nobler strain of poetry than that of what he had ever written. His eyes filled with tears and he said to himself that never was there so worthy a sage as that thoughtful face, with the glim of white hair diffused about it.

The poet said that Ernest could hear the distant voice of a heavenly song in his thoughts and poems. However, the poet felt that his own life had not corresponded with his thoughts. He had grand dreams, but they had been only dreams. Sometimes he even lacked faith in his own thoughts.

The poet was greatly impressed by Ernest’s speech. He felt that Ernest’s own life and character were a nobler kind of poetry than his own.

Ernest’s words expressed real thoughts, and his thoughts were in harmony with his real life. So both had great force and appeal.

The poet said that Ernest could hear the distant voice of a heavenly song in his thoughts and poems. However, the poet felt that his own life had not corresponded, with his thoughts. He had grand dreams, but they had been only dreams. Sometimes he even lacked faith in his own thoughts.

1. There went a rumour throughout the valley that the great man, who was to bear a resemblance to the Great Stone Face, had appeared at last.

2. Gathergold had become so very rich that it would have taken him a hundred years only to count his wealth.

3. Ernest had been deeply stirred by the idea that the great man, the noble mem, the man of prophecy, was at length to be seen in his native valley after so many ages of delay.

4. A great man bearing a resemblance to the Great Stone Pace was being waited for by the people in the valley.

(b) lending (it) a special glow

The Stone Face was a work of nature. It was formed on the perpendicular side of a mountain by rocks. Viewed from a distance, those rocks looked like the features of a human face. People linked stories to that image. The people living in the valley believed that some day a great and noble person with the likeness of that face would come.

When the spectator went near that Great Stone Face, he lost the outline of the enormous face and could See only a heap of gigantic rocks, piled one Upon another.

The writer had heard a great deal about Miss Beam’s school. He had heard about her scholastic methods, so he visited the school to know about its originality.

(1) George Abraham, a resident of Noida near Delhi, is visually impaired.

(2) It provides confidence and competitive spirit and infuses discipline among the \ participants.

(3) The brain behind the World Cup j; Cricket, he has helped the disabled to dream.

(4) It was a chance visit to the blind school in Delhi that changed his life.

( 5 ) He believes that sport is a powerful tool for rehabilitation of the disabled.