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After the massacre of 363 Bishnois, the ruler of Jodhpur, Abhay Singh, mended matters. He arranged their wounded feeling by assuring them that he would fully respect their religious principles. A copper plate inscribed with this promise was presented to the Bishnois. The inscription promised that no green tree would ever be cut near any Bishnoi village. It was also inscribed that no animal would be hunted down in its vicinity.

363 बिश्नोई लोगों का कत्लेआम करने के बाद जोधपुर के शासक, अभय सिंह ने स्थिति सुधारी। उन्होंने विश्वास दिलाया कि वह उनके धार्मिक सिद्धांतों का सम्मान करेगा। उसके ताँबे की प्लेट पर लिख गए संदेश को बिश्नोइयों को सौंप दिया गया। उसमें वादा किया गया था कि आगे से, किसी भी बिश्नोई गाँव के समीप किसी पेड़ को नहीं काटा जाएगा। न ही उनके समीप किसी जानवर का शिकार किया जाएगा।

The disastrous drought made Jambaji think that man’s false pride destroyed the world around him. Jambaji realized that if life was to flourish again, he would have to live in a different way. He wanted the earth to be covered once again by plenty of khejdi, ber and sangri trees. He wanted herds of blackbucks to frolic again. In 1485, he began to preach a new message. His message included 29 basic tenets. The two major commandments urged the people never to cut down any green tree or kill any animal. Jambaji’s message of humanity impressed his followers and they eagerly accepted it.

इस आपदों ने जंबाजी को यह सोचने को विवश कर दिया कि मनुष्य के छद्म अहंकार ने उसके इर्द-गिर्द के संसार को नष्ट कर दिया है। जंबाजी ने यह अनुभव किया कि यदि जीवन को एक बार फिर से समृद्ध करना है तो हमें अपनी जीवन पद्धति में परिवर्तन करना होगा। वे चाहते थे कि पृथ्वी एक बार फिर से प्रचुर मात्रा में खेजड़ी, बेर तथा सांगरी के वृक्षों से आच्छादित हो। वे चाहते थे कि काले हिरणों के झुंड एक बार फिर कुलाँचे भरें। 1485 में, उन्होंने एक नया संदेश दिया। उनके संदेश में 29 मूलभूत सिद्धांत शामिल थे। इनमें से दो प्रयुक्त धर्मादेश में लोगों से कहा गया है कि कभी भी किसी हरे वृक्ष को न काटें और न ही किसी जीव-जंतु की हत्या करें। जंबाजी के मानवता के संदेश को उनके अनुयायियों ने बड़े ही आतुरतापूर्वक स्वीकार किया।

The policeman meant to be sarcastic when called Dr. kemp a ‘hero’. In fact the two policemen who had escorted the maidservant to give protection to her as well as to Dr. Kemp’s. they were provided with fire place pokers by Kemp to be used as clubs and they blows of Griffin’s axe on the poker. As the struggle went on they managed to break Griffin’s arm and now he could no longer hold the axe which fell to the ground. The two policemen acted very bravely and they accomplished what none else had been able to achieve. After disarming Griffin, one of the policemen turned to Kemp to warm him of Griffin’s possible presence around him. He called out to the doctor but did not find any response. He called out once again and turned back only to realize this ‘brave man was missing. Both the policemen were half irritated and half amused at he disappearance of the man whom they had protected at the risk of their lives. They expected to stay grounded till the last. Contrary to their expectations, Kemp had run away leaving them to encounter the Invisible Man on their own. Thus they sarcastically called this chicken-hearted man ‘a hero’.

Reference : This stanza has been taken from the poem The Song of the Free composed by Swami Vivekanand, a saint, philosopher and a poet. 

Context : This poem reveals the message of Swami Vivekanand to every human being. He gives some examples to show that there are so many difficulties in the life of everyone. It is our duty to face them boldly and then we shall become great. 

Explanation : In this concluding stanza the poet says that life of man is full of so many difficulties, troubles, miseries, etc. Fate and nature also seem not to favour him. Friends also betray him. There may be many ups and downs in the life. Yet he should not leave the right path and should not lose heart. He should remember that he has a divine power with him. So he should march on boldly to achieve the real aim of life. Success must come. 

In a work of fiction the writer uses his imagination. He does not have to stick to the facts. He can exaggerate and stretch reality. However, in a fact file, the writer has to write only the actual facts.

With his changed attitude, the poet puts his trust only in two things. The first one is God. God gives him strength to overcome dejection and disappointment. The second and the most important thing that the poet puts his trust in is his ‘good right hand’. He realizes that depending on his false friends and relatives is only like building a castle on the sand. His ‘good right hand’ can help him to work hard to earn money. He can overcome his bad days and poverty only by employing his good right hand to the maximum. Only it can help him in earning respect, money and prosperity.

अपने परिवर्तित दृष्टिकोण के साथ कवि केवल दो बातों पर ही विश्वास करता है। पहला ईश्वर है। ईश्वर हमें उदासी तथा नैराश्य से निजात दिलाता है। दूसरा और सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि कवि अपने ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ पर पूरा विश्वास करता है। उसे लगता है। कि अपने छद्म मित्रों तथा संबंधियों पर निर्भरता केवल रेत में महल बनाने के समान है। उसका उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ ही उसे कठिन मेहनत तथा धनोपार्जन में मदद कर सकता है। अपने ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ के अधि कतम प्रयोग से ही वह अपनी गरीबी तथा बुरे दिनों से निजात पा सकता है। केवल वही आदर, धन तथा समृद्धि प्रदान करने में उसका सहायक हो सकता है।

C. Mackay’s message is quite symbolical. Here, the ‘Good Right Hand’ represents honest labor and hard work. It represents self-help.It urges us not to depend on others for help in our hour of need. All our friends and acquaintances will prove false. Only the ‘good right hand will come to our help when it is needed. It also means that we can shape our fate only through our efforts. And out of the two hands, the ‘good right hand’ is more dynamically involved in human activities. Through hard work, we can bring name, fame and prosperity. It lies completely in our own hands to shape and change our destiny.

C. Mackay’s का संदेश प्रतीकात्मक है। यहाँ ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ ईमानदार श्रम तथा कठिन मेहनत का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है। यह स्वयं सहायता का भी प्रतीक है। यह इस बात पर बल देता है कि हमें जरूरत के समय किसी दूसरे पर निर्भर नहीं रहना चाहिए। हमारे सभी दोस्त तथा परिचित केवल नकली सहायता प्रदान करेंगे। केवल जरूरत के समय ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ ही सहायता प्रदान करेगा। इसका यह भी मतलब हुआ कि हम अपने भाग्य को केवल अपने प्रयासों से ही सँवार सकते हैं। दोनों हाथों में केवल ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ ही मानवीय क्रियाकलापों में गतिशीलता के साथ संबद्ध है। कठिन श्रम के सकते हैं। हमारे भाग्य को सँवारने तथा परिवर्तित करने में हमारे हाथों का ही पूर्ण योगदान है।

The poet’s hard work proved very much productive and fruitful. His ‘good right hand made him work hard and earn money. His poverty and bad days ended. He earned wealth and respect. All his selfish friends and relatives who had deserted him earlier came back to him one by one.

कवि का कठिन परिश्रम काफी अधिक उत्पादक तथा फलदायी रहा। उसके उपयोगी दाएँ हाथ’ ने उसे कठिन मेहनत तथा मुद्रा अर्जन हेतु प्रेरित किया। उसकी गरीबी तथा बुरे दिन समाप्त हो गए। उसने धन तथा आदर अर्जित किया। उसके सभी स्वार्थी दोस्तों तथा संबंधियों ने जो उसका साथ छोड़कर चले गए। थे, एक के बाद एक वापस लौट आए।

All his friends proved false. None came forward to help the poet in his hour of need. Then he realized that self-help was the best help. He turned to his ‘good right hand’ for help. His good right hand’ gave him strength to work hard and earn money. When all other friends failed, his good right hand’ came to his help and made him happy.

सभी दोस्त गलत साबित हुए। कवि की जरूरत के समय उसका कोई भी दोस्त सहायता करने के लिए नहीं आया। तब उसने यह महसूस किया कि स्वयं की सहायता सबसे अच्छी सहायता है। उसने अपने ‘उपयोगी दायाँ हाथ’ से सहायता लेना प्रारंभ कर दिया। उसके उपयोगी दाएँ हाथ’ ने उसे कठिन मेहनत करने तथा पैसा अर्जित करने हेतु सहायता करना प्रारंभ कर दिया। जब उसके सभी दोस्त असफल रहे, तब उसके उपयोगी दाएँ हाथ’ ने उसकी सहायता की तथा उसे प्रसन्नचित्त किया।

The street kids call Mr Lamb ‘Lamey-Lamb’ because he has an artificial leg of tin. One of his real legs had been blown off in a bomb explosion. Gradually he has become used to hearing it. Now he doesn’t feel bad about it.

गली के बच्चे श्रीमान् लैम्ब को ‘लंगड़ा-लैम्ब’ कहकर पुकारते हैं। क्योंकि उनका एक कृत्रिम पैर लोहे का (टिन का) है। उनका वास्तविक एक पैर किसी बम धमाके में उड गया था। धीरे-धीरे वह यह सुनने के अभ्यस्त हो चुके हैं। अब उन्हें इससे बुरा नहीं लगता है।

The days of knight and squires of exciting adventures come alive in Don Quixote travels.

He convinces Sancho Panza, a poor peasant to be his squire.

Mr. Heelas was a neighbour of Doctor Kemp. He didn't believe in the Invisible man but his wife did believe in the Invisible man. He insisted upon walking about his garden just as if nothing was the matter, and he went to sleep in the afternoon. He slept through the smashing of the windows, and then woke up suddenly with a curious persuasion of something wrong. He looked across at Kemp's house, rubbed his eyes and looked again. he said he was damned, but still the strange thing was visible. The house looked as though it had been deserted for weeks- after a violent riot. Every window was broken, and every window, save those of the belvedere study, was blinded by the internal shutters. When he saw that the shutters of the Kemp's drawing-room window were flung open violently, and the housemaid in her outdoor hat and garments, appeared struggling in a frantic manner to throw up the sash.

He saw the house maid and Doctor Kemp helping her out of the window Then Mr. Heelas saw Doctor Kemp jump from the window and running along the garden and towards Mr. Heelas house. Then he realised that there is an Invisible Man who is running after Doctor Kemp. He ordered his cook and servants to lock all the doors and shut all the windows as the Invisible Man running after him and might enter his house along with Doctor Kemp.

Kemp continues running towards Burdock. The road is long and empty, and no one in the nearby houses will help him. Griffin chases Kemp through the town. People begin to join in the chase. When Kemp realizes that people are chasing Griffin, he stops running, which allows the Invisible Man to catch him. Still, when Kemp arrives in Burdock, he finds a couple of workmen (navvies) on the road. When he yells about the Invisible Man, everyone nearby tries to find and hit the Invisible Man. When the Invisible Man able to grab Kemp, the navvies knock the Invisible Man down. There was a big fight between the crowd and the Invisible Man. Even though people cannot see him, they are able to grab hold of the Invisible Man and keep him down. The effort is not needed for long as Griffin has been fatally injured and seems to have lost a lot of blood. As the town people watch, the effect of invisibility is gradually reversed, and soon, Griffin, now dead, is visible. In death, his invisible albino body gradually materialises again. His body is carried into the Jolly Cricketers

When Griffin dies and becomes visible, his albino condition is also revealed. It is interesting that the people are not horrified or even surprised. Nor is there any speculation about how this bizarre incident could have happened. The people watch as his broken, battered body slowly becomes visible from his extremities to the centre of his being. It is only when his white face and hair and staring garnet eyes are revealed that someone calls for them to "cover that face" before the children in the town can see it.

Poster on Social Reforms

Sometimes society becomes full of evils and vices. It is guided by blind faith and superstition. People do not try to know the relation between cause and effect. They believe in imaginary ghosts and spirits as the prime-mover of all social actions. They believe in animal sacrifice to please the deities. They also once believed in the human sacrifice. The social vices like child wives were in existence. The widows were not allowed to marry again. The wives were compelled to be burnt with their dead husbands and so on. Untouchability disabled a big section of people. In order to eradicate all these things social reforms were necessary. Social reforms are necessary at all times in order to get the society purged off any vice that creeps into it.

Great reformers are born to reform the society and to reform the religion. Because many times religion is the basis of the social behavior. Martin Luther in Germany and John Wicliff in great Britain were the great reformers in 18th century. In India we got Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chadra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Ramakrishna, Paramhamsa, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi as the great reformers. In ancient times we had Gautama Buddha and Mahavir as the great religious and social reformers. In Orissa Mr. Madhusudan Das, Pandit Nilakantha Das and Acharya Harihar Das made attempt to reform the society.

Social reform is necessary, time and often. So we must reform our society whenever it is necessary. Social reform should base on science and morality. Social reform cannot be made by legislation, force or imposition. It can be made only by effective public education, though the necessity of legislation cannot be altogether ruled out.

(iv) its area will be L × B

(ii) 375 sq. cm

Perimeter = PQ + QR + RS + ST + TU + UP 

= 80 + 120 + 140 + 60 + 100 + 50 = 550 m

(i) 4 × side

It is because, to find perimeter and area we required measurement of sides of figure, which can be found only in closed figures.

(i) Perimeter of given figure = Sum of all sides 

= 2 + 5 + 1 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 1 + 5 

= 21 cm 

(ii) Perimeter of given figure = Sum of all sides 

= 1 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 8 + 1 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 1 + 4 + 3 + 8 

= 68 cm 

(iii) Perimeter of given sides = Sum of all sides 

= 6 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 

= 24 cm

Line joining A (1, 2, 3) and B (4, 5, 7) is written as

AB = 3i + 3j + 4k

Line joining C (-4, 3, -6) and D (2, 9, 2) is written as

CD = 6i + 6j + 8k

Here if CD = r (AB) where r is a scalar constant

So the two lines are parallel CD = 2 AB

Hence, the two lines are parallel.

It is given that

Line joining O (0, 0, 0) and A (2, 1, 1) is written as

OA = 2i + j + k

Line joining B (3, 5, -1) and D (4, 3, -1) is written as

BC = i – 2j + 0k

In order prove that these two lines are perpendicular we must show that angle between these two lines is π/2

Dot product OA . BC = 0

Substituting the values

(2i + j + k). (i – 2j + 0k) = 2 – 2 + 0 = 0

Hence, these two lines are perpendicular.

Line joining A (7, p, 2) and B (q, -2, 5) is written as

AB = (q – 7) i + (- 2 – p) j + 3k

Line joining C (2, -3, 5) and D (-6, -15, 11) is written as

CD = -8i – 12j + 6k

Here the angle between line segments is zero so the cross product is zero

AB × CD = 0

Substituting the values

((q – 7) i + (-2 – p) j + 3k) × (- 8i – 12j + 6k) = 0

By solving the above equation we get

p = 4 and q = 3

highest

e.g. x + 3 = 0 and x + 2 = 4 are the linear equations.

(a) 112

Let us assume the three consecutive multiples of 7 be 7x, (7x + 7), (7x + 14) where x is a natural number.

As per the condition in the question,

7x + (7x + 7) + (7x + 14) = 357

21x + 21 = 357

21(x + 1) = 357

(21(x + 1))/21 = 357/21

X + 1 = 17

X = 17 – 1

X = 16

Therefore, the smallest multiple of 7 is,

7 × 16 = 112.

False

Given, 3 yr ago, age of boy = y yr

Then, present age of boy = (y + 3)yr

2 yr ago, age of boy = y + 3-2 = (y + 1)yr

Correct option is  A) 3/2

Correct option is (A) 3/2

\(\frac{2}{3}\) y = 1

\(\Rightarrow\) y = \(\frac1{\frac{2}{3}}\) = \(\frac32.\)

The sum of two consecutive multiples of 10 is 210. The smaller multiple is 100.

Let us assume the two consecutive multiples of 10 be 10x and 10x + 10.

So,

Sum of two consecutive multiples of 10 = 10x + 10x + 10 = 210

20x + 10 = 210

20x = 210 – 10

20x = 200

x = 200/20

x = 10

∴the two consecutive multiples of 10 are 10x = 10 × 10 = 100

10x + 10 = (10 × 10) + 10

= 110

Hence, the smaller multiple of 10 is 100.

Correct option is  A) 112

Correct option is (A) 112

Let consecutive multiples of 7 are 7x-7, 7x, 7x+7.

\(\therefore\) (7x-7) + 7x + (7x+7) = 357

\(\Rightarrow\) 21x = 357

\(\Rightarrow\) \(x=\frac{357}{21}=17\)

\(\therefore\) Smaller number \(=7\times17-7\) = 119 - 7 = 112.

Let the three consecutive multiples of 7 be x, x + 7, x + 14 say. 

According to the sum, 

The sum of three consecutive multiples of 7 is 777. 

⇒ x + (x + 7) + (x + 14)= 777 

⇒ 3x + 21 = 777 

⇒ 3x = 777 – 21 = 756

x = \(\frac{756}3\) = 252 

x + 7 = 252 + 7 = 259 

x + 14 252 + 14 = 266 

∴ The required three consecutive multiples of 7 are 252, 259, 266

Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be 8x, 8(x + 1), 8(x + 2). 

Sum of these numbers = 8x + 8(x + 1) + 8(x + 2) = 888 

8(x + x + 1 + x + 2) = 888

8(3x + 3) = 888

On dividing both sides by 8, we obtain

8( 3x + 3)/8 = 888/8

3x + 3 =  108

On transposing 3 to R.H.S, we obtain

3x = 111 − 3

3x = 108

On dividing both sides by 3, we obtain

3x/3 = 108/3

x = 36

First multiple = 8x = 8 × 36 = 288

Second multiple =8(x + 1) = 8 x (36 + 1) = 8 x 37 = 296

Third multiple = 8(x + 2) = 8 × (36 + 2) = 8 × 38 = 304 

Hence, the required numbers are 288, 296, and 304.

(b) 7970000

For the first digit there are 8 choices (out of 10 digits) as 0 and 1 cannot be used. Since repetition can be done, the 2nd digit and the 3rd digit have 10 choices each. So, the first three digits can be filled in (8 × 10 × 10 – 3) ways (We need to exclude the numbers 555, 411 and 936 also from first three digits) 

The last four digits of the telephone number can be filled in (10 × 10 × 10 × 10) ways. 

∴ Total number of seven digit phone numbers = (8 × 10 × 10 – 3) × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 7970000.

Answer is (a) 1

1. India won the match. 

2. The cattle are grazing in the field. 

3. He bought five dozen oranges. 

4. I saw lovely scenery in Kashmir. 

5. I am fond of music. 

6. He gave me many informations. 

7. He has many furnitures. 

8. Thanks are due to him. 

9. Where are your spectacles? 

10. Riches have wings.

1. I, Myself 

2. He, His 

3. Me 

4. I 

5. Each 

6. I, These 

7. You 

8. Himself 

9. I, My 

10. My, He, Me 

11. She, Her 

12. Its, Own 

13. We, Our 

14. Their 

15. We, Our, They, Theirs.

1. While he was reading, he fell asleep.

2. Although he is rich, he never helps the poor.

3. The police reached the place where the accident had taken place.

4. As soon as the guest arrived, the function began.

5. As he does not have much money, he cannot buy a car.

6. Unless you have a driving licence, you cannot drive a vehicle.

7. She was so ill that she could not walk.

8. Work hard lest you fail.

9. One day he will go to jail because he is a criminal.

10. As the summer has set in, people will buy coolers.

The British came and ruled over India for nearly two hundred years. In 1754 after the battle of Plassey the British gained political power in India. The established during the period of Lord Dalhousie. In 1848 he became the Governor General of India. He annexed Punjab, Peshawar and the Pathan tribes in the north-west of India. The British power in India was completely established by 1856. In the middle of the nineteenth century the British authority was at its climax. During the same period discontent among the local rulers, the peasantry, the intellectuals and the common mass started growing up and gradually became widespread. This soon broke out into a revolt and it gradually assumed the dimensions of the Muling in 1857.

अंग्रेज भारत आए और उन्होंने लगभग दो सौ सालों तक इस पर राज्य किया। 1754 में प्लासी की लड़ाई में विजय प्राप्त करने के बाद अंग्रेजों ने भारत में अपनी राजनैतिक सत्ता को कायम किया। अंग्रेजों के राज्य का महत्त्व लॉर्ड डलहौजी के समय बढ़ा।1848 में वे भारत के गवर्नर जनरल बने। उन्होंने उत्तर पश्चिम भारत में पंजाब, पेशावर और पठान जनजातीय इलाके पर अपना अधिकार किया। 1856 तक भारत में ब्रिटिश सत्ता पूरी तरह से कायम हो चुका था। 19वीं शताब्दी के मध्य तक ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य अपने चरमोत्कर्ष पर थी। इसी दौरान स्थानीय प्रशासकों, जमींदारों, शिक्षित वर्गों और जन सामान्य के बीच असंतोष की भावना पनपने लगी और तेजी के साथ चारों तरफ फैल गई। जल्दी ही इसने विद्रोह का रूप धारण कर लिया और इसका प्रतिरूप 1857 के विद्रोह के रूप में मुखर होकर सामने आया।

1. If people need more ATM booths, they will be opened.

2. If the rain fails, the wheat crop will be adversely affected.

3. Unless you complete your homework, you will not be allowed to enter the class.

4. Unless you wear a helmet, you cannot drive a motorcycle.

5. We can see the rainbow provided that the weather is clear.

6. If you are proved guilty, the court will punish you.

7. If you hoard the currency notes, you may be arrested.

8. I shall go to see the Nahargarh Fort if my parents permit me.

9. If you read the history of Mewar, you will be influenced by Maharana Pratap.

10. If you read Indian philosophy you will learn the depth of spiritualism.

The majority of Britons at home gave a little importance to the British way of life. In fact it is intangible and invaluable to the colonial people. They have very little idea about the races as the colonial people are different in pigmentation. Still these people try to identify themselves with the British loyalties, beliefs and traditions.

स्वदेश में अधिकांश ब्रिटिश नागरिक ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली को बहुत कम महत्त्व देते थे। वास्तव में यह तो ब्रिटिश उपनिवेशों के निवासियों के लिए एक अमूल्य और काल्पनिक दुनिया थी। उन्हें इस प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक जीवन का बहुत कम अनुभव था जो भेदभाव उपनिवेशों के रहने वालों के साथ विभिन्न स्तर पर वहाँ किया जाता था। इसके बावजूद ये लोग ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य के वफादार, रीति-रिवाज और उसकी आस्था का अंग बनने की कोशिश करते थे।

In the academic institutions of Britain the colonial students learn Arts and Sciences. They also gain the knowledge of the various processes of legislative and administrative government. Actually they are made to realize that Britain stands for all the best in Christianity and democracy.

ब्रिटेन के शैक्षणिक संस्थानों में उपनिवेशों से आए छात्र विज्ञान और कला, दोनों ही विषयों की पढ़ाई करते थे। इसके साथ ही वे विभिन्न कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं और सरकारी प्रशासनिक सेवा का भी ज्ञान अर्जित करते थे। वास्तव में उनके मन में इस प्रकार की भावना घर कर जाती थी कि ब्रिटेन चाहे प्रजातंत्र का मामला हो अथवा ईसाईयत का, हर जगह बेहतर है।

The author’s ideal was the British way of life. In his ideal he maintained his belief for around twenty-eight years. The same ideal was quite supportive for him. When he was in a high school, his ideal helped him compete with the white students. He worked harder to make the grade in the class. In 1939, the author went to England for higher education. His ideas made him offer his service for the Royal Air Force during the second world war. As his idea was the lodestar for him, he was ready to sacrifice his life for England.

लेखक का आदर्श ‘ब्रिटिश जीवल शैली’ था। अपने आदर्श में उन्होंने लगातार 28 सालों तक अपना विश्वास जमाए रखा। इस तरह के आदर्श उनके लिए काफी हद तक सहायक भी रहे। जब वे हाई स्कूल में थे तो उनके इसी आदर्श ने उन्हें गोरे छात्रों के साथ बराबरी करने का मौका दिया। अपनी कक्षा में अपने ग्रेड को बनाए रखने के लिए उन्होंने कठोर मेहनत किया। 1939 में अपनी उच्च शिक्षा को पूरा करने के लिए लेखक इंग्लैंड गए। उनके इसी विचार ने उन्हें द्वितीय विश्वयुद्व के दौरान रॉयल एयर फोर्स में स्वैच्छिक सेवा देने के लिए प्रेरित किया। उनका विचार ही उनके लिए मार्गदर्शक का काम करता था और वे हमेशा अपने आदर्श के लिए प्राण तक न्योछावर करने को तैयार रहते थे।

The author was given every care by his parents. He had grown-up British in every sense. The British way of life ruled over life in his family. His father and forefathers knew only the British way of life. They were not familiar with any other culture. As a boy, the author was taught to praise English literature, prose and poetry. It was natural for him to appreciate the British heroes. So, he had become a British in every sense.

लेखक को उनके माता-पिता द्वारा हर प्रकार से ख़याल रखा गया था। वे हर प्रकार से एक ब्रिटिश की तरह पले-बढ़े थे। ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली का प्रभाव उनके पूरे परिवार पर था। उनके पिता और दादा सिर्फ ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली के वारे में ही जानते थे। वे अन्य किसी भी संस्कृति से परिचित नहीं थे। एक लड़के के समान, लेखक को यह सिखाया गया कि अंग्रेजी साहित्य, कहानी और कविता का अध्ययन गर्व का विषय है। ऐसे में उनके लिए यह स्वाभाविक ही था कि उन्हें ब्रिटिश साहित्य के नायक उन्हें प्रभावित करते। यही वजह थी कि वे हर प्रकार से एक ब्रिटिश थे।

• Independent = Independence
  India has achieved independence in 1947.
• Administrative = Administration
  The administration of the UP state is improving.
• Violent = violence
  Peace-loving people do not like violence.
• Courteous = Courtesy
  Our courtesy is the mark of our standard of thinking good character.
• Villainous = Villain
  Amrish Puri was a famous villain.
• Available = Availability
  The availability of water is scanty here.
• Confident = Confidence
  We develop our confidence through constant practice.
• Intolerable = Intolerance
  In our country there is immense intolerance.
• Responsible = Responsibility
  Everybody should realize his responsibility
• Intangible = Intangibility
  The intangibility of abstract ideas may confuse us.

The American Negroes are in a better condition in comparison with those of Britain. They are established in communities. With their abilities as doctors, lawyers, educators, scientists,entertainers and even as laborers they work for the benefit of their fellow beings. Besides, they are more open in terms of their social and religious expression.

अमेरिका में रहने वाले नीग्रो की स्थिति ब्रिटेन के नीग्रो से काफी अच्छी थी। वे वहाँ एक समुदाय के रूप में स्थापित हो चुके थे। अपनी क्षमता के अनुसार, चाहे वे एक डाक्टर हों, वकील, शिक्षाविद,वैज्ञानिक, मनोरंजनकर्मी और यहाँ तक कि मजदूर हो, अपनी क्षमता के अनुसार अपने परिवार और संबंधियों के हित के लिए कमाते थे। इसके साथ ही, वे अपनी धार्मिक और सामाजिक अभिव्यक्ति के लिए भी पूर्णरूपेण स्वतंत्र थे।

In the present story, ‘The Betrayal of Faith’, the author E.R. Braithwaite has raised the problems of colonial people specially Negroes. The entire story revolves around the Negroes. The author has made Britain the focal points. The colonial holds faith in the British way of life. But in Britain the English people have no regard for this fantastic phenomenon of the colonial people. They consider the negroes placed at the bottom of the society. On the other hand, the author is well qualified and competent for the job for which is qualified. But his race was the main hindrance because he was a negro. It was certainly the breach of his faith in the British way of life. So, the title is apt and appropriate.

प्रस्तुत कहानी ‘विश्वास के साथ विश्वासघात’ में लेखक ई.आर. ब्रैथवेट ने उपनिवेशों में रहने वाले खास कर नीग्रो लोगों की समस्या को उठाया है। पूरी कहानी ही नीग्रो के इर्द-गिर्द घूमती है। लेखक ने ब्रिटेन को कहानी का केंद्रबिंदु बनाया है। उपनिवेशों के लोग ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली में अपना विश्वास पालते हैं। लेकिन अंग्रेज लोगों का अपने उपनिवेश के रहने वालों के काल्पनिक संसार के प्रति कोई सम्मान का भाव नहीं होता है। वे नीग्रो को समाज के सबसे निचले तबके पर स्थान देते थे। दूसरी ओर लेखक एक सुशिक्षित नीग्रो थे और वे सोचते थे कि उन्होंनेजिस नौकरी के लिए सफलता हासिल की है, उसके लिए वे हर प्रकार से उपयुक्त पात्र हैं। लेकिन जातीय असमानता का भाव उनके मार्ग का सबसे बड़ा बाधक था। यह निश्चय ही ब्रिटिश जीवन शैली के उनके विश्वास के साथ बहुत बड़ा विश्वासघात था। अत: कहानी का यह शीर्षक जिसका लेखक ने चयन किया था, हर तरह से उपयुक्त सिद्ध होता है।

If our villages and cities are not clean, the impression of our country will be bad.