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(C) by making cross between hybrid and pure plant

Mendel obtained true breeding plant for dominant character by making cross between hybrid and pure plant.

(D) emasculation

Hybridisation is a process in which plants belonging to different species are artificially cross pollinated. The important step in this is emasculation, which means removal of anthers or stamens before anthesis to prevent self- pollination in bisexual flowers.

Correct answer is

(C) Yellow round

(C) different molecular forms of a gene.

Alleles are different molecular forms of a gene.

Correct answer is

(A) Wrinkled seeds

Correct answer is

(B) genesis

Correct answer is

(B) Gregor Johann Mendel

Exons are the coding sequences or express sequences in DNA/hnRNA/ m-RNA.

Gene is called monocistronic, when there is a single structural gene in one transcription unit.

Interrupted or split genes are the structural genes in eukaryotes which have both exons and introns.

Gene is defined as the DNA sequence coding for m-RNA/ t-RNA or r-RNA.

Gene is called polycistronic, when there is a set of various structural genes in one transcription unit.

Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod proposed the operon concept.

Lactose of lac operon in E. Coli.

a – Repressor
b – operator.

When the repressor binds to the operator, the operon is switched off and transcription is stopped.

The reasons for Mendel’s success are:

i. Mendel chose garden pea plant for his experiments which was an annual, naturally self-pollinating plant with several pairs of contrasting characters.

ii. Mendel concentrated only on one character at a time.

iii. He kept accurate records (both qualitative and quantitative).

iv. He used statistical methods for analyzing the results.

v. The characters selected by Mendel were present on different chromosomes.

vi. All the seven pairs of contrasting traits selected by him showed complete dominance.

Magnesium burns brightly and a white powder is formed. The white powder formed is magnesium oxide (MgO)

Charges (1) and (2) are negative as they were attracted by the positive plate and charge (3) is positive as it is deflected towards negative plate. 

Thus charge (3) has highest charge to mass ratio (as it would be a positive figure)

No, Reason: This is because the charge resides only on the surface of the conductor.

Its Young's modulus is Y.

Increases in length will be reduced to half as Δ ∝ l.

Strain is the ratio of two similar quantities. 

Hence strain is a dimensionless physical quantity and it has no units.

∆l ∝ l. So, increase in length is also doubled.

1. If a body regains its original shape and size completely and instantaneously upon removal of the deforming force, then it is said to be perfectly elastic.

2.

• There is no solid which is perfectly elastic or perfectly plastic,
• The best example of a near perfectly elastic body is quartz fibre and that of a plastic body is putty.

Putty and Paraffin wax.

If a body completely regains its natural shape or size after the removal of external forces, it is called a perfectly elastic body. 

Eg: rubber. 

If the body does not regain its original size or shape it is called inelastic body or plastic body.

In summer as the temperature increases, the pressure increases inside the tube This pressure would be enough to cross the breaking point of the tyre making it to burst.

Work done for steel spring is more because steel is more elastic than aluminium, (alternatively: Spring constant of steel is more than that of aluminium).

A flying bird possesses both potential and kinetic energies as it is at certain height above the ground and moving with certain velocity.

(d) Decomposition of limestone

CaCO_3(s) → CaO_(s) + CO_2(g) 

Here CO₂ is in gaseous state while CaCO₃ and CaO are in solid state.

(c) H_2(g) + I_2(g) ⇌ 2HI_(g) 

Here all reactants and products are in same phase 

i.e., gaseous phase.

For a homogeneous reaction at equilibrium, number of moles of products (n_p) are greater than the number of moles of reactants (n_R) then ∆n_g = + ve

n_P > n_R

∆n_g = + ve 

If ∆n_g is ve, K_p value is greater than K_C 

K_P = K_C . (RT)^+ve 

K_P > K_C 

Example: PCl₅ PCl_3(g) + Cl_2(g) 

2 – 1 = 1 

K_P = K_C (RT)¹ 

K_P > K_C

(a) K_P = K_C : Synthesis of HI 

H₂(g) + I₂(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) : Δn_g = 2 – 2 = 0 

ΔK_P = K_C

(c) Decomposition of CaCO₃ – Homogeneous equilibrium 

Decomposition of CaCO₃: Homogeneous equilibrium It is a heterogeneous equilibrium.

The work done is zero as there is no displacement in the direction of force.

1. When two Surfaces are of the same material, the force of attraction between them is called cohesive force. 

2. When two surfaces are of different materials, the force of attraction between them is called adhesive force.

Just before the body starts sliding over another body, the value of frictional force is maximum, it is called as limiting force of friction.

1. For same pair of surfaces, the force of static friction is greater than the force of kinetic friction while the force of kinetic friction is greater than force of rolling friction.

2. As ball bearing undergo rolling friction and rolling friction is the minimum, ball bearings are used to reduce friction in parts of machines to increase its efficiency.

1. Objects such as rubber, metals, quartz, etc. change their shape and size on application of a force (within specific limit) and regain their original shape and size when the force is removed. 

2. Objects such as putty, clay, thick mud. etc. do not regain their original shape and size when the external force is removed.

1. A rolling ball comes to rest after covering a finite distance on playground because of friction.

2. Our foot ware is provided with designs at the bottom of its sole so as to produce force of opposition to avoid slipping. It is difficult to walk without such opposing force. When we try to walk fast on polished flooring at home with soap water spread on it. There is a possibility of slipping due to lack of force of friction.

3. Relative motion between solids and fluids (i.e. liquids and gases) is also opposed naturally by friction, eg.: a boat on the surface of water experiences opposition to its motion.

1. Once the sliding of block on the surface starts the force of friction decreases.

2. The force required to keep the body sliding steadily is thus less than the force required to just start its sliding.

3. The force of friction that comes into play when a body is in steady state of motion over another surface is called kinetic fòrce of friction.

4. Friction between two surfaces in contact when one body is actually sliding over the other body, is called kinetic friction or dynamic friction.

नेताजी विमान द्वारा बेंगकोक – सायगोन – फार्मोसा द्वीप के ताइपाई विमान केन्द्र पर पहुँचे परंतु विमान में अचानक भाग लगने से 18 अगस्त, 1945 के दिन उनकी मृत्यु हो गई ।

मई, 1944 में नेताजी के नेतृत्व में सेना की टुकड़ी ने रंगून, प्रोम, कोहिमा तथा इम्फाल को जीता था ।

Yes, culture, which is a set of beliefs, customs, attitudes and achievements in art of literature, affects the process of intellectual development.

• According to Sternberg, intelligence is a product of culture.

• Vyotsky believes that while elementary7 mental operations are common, higher mental activities like problem-solving and thinking are culturally produced.

• Technological Intelligence

(i) Promotes an individualistic pattern of action.

(ii) Individuals in technologically educated western societies possess this kind of intelligence.

(iii) They are well versed in skills of attention, observation, analysis, speed, moves abstraction, generalisation, creativity, Minimum moves etc.

• Integral Intelligence

(i) Intelligence in the Indian tradition is integral intelligence.

(ii) It views intelligence from a holistic perspective.

(iii) It gives equal attention to cognitive and non-cognitive processes, as well as their integration.

(iv)‘Buddhi’ is the knowledge of one’s own self based on conscience, will and desire.

(v) It has effective, motivational as well as cognitive components. 

It includes:

(i) Cognitive competence (discrimination, problem-solving).

(ii) Social competence (respect for elders, concern for others, respecting opinions of others).

(iii) Emotional competence (self regulation, self monitoring). ‘

(iv) Entrepreneurial competence commitment, persistence, patience).

Bring the ends X and to the same level. Place a slotted weight of 1N (100 gwt) at the end of X,Y rises

Lactometer is used to test the purity of milk.

As the diameter of the tube increases, capillary rise decreases. Weight of the liquid inside the tube opposes capillary rise.