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Pets are the most lovable beings around us. When it comes to dogs, loyalty is their trademark. Besides being friendly, they shower unconditional love. Their presence in itself is a stress buster. They have the art of lifting one’s spirit with their playfulness and joyful nature. Pets help combat depression. Most pets are least demanding.

When one comes home all tired from the workplace, pets are always there to welcome. Their cheerfulness is extremely contagious. Their very presence adds to the energy of the environment. Although they cannot speak like humans, they express their emotions far more effectively. When it comes to understanding emotions, pets sense it pretty fast.

So pets are a blessing to have. Pets are pests as they are quite demanding when it comes to food. All of us know how choosy a cat is. Besides, pets eat into one’s constructive time as they are dependent for their daily chores. They dirty the house and require special training. Not all pets are friendly. Some even create trouble for the neighbourhood and the owner of the pet is held responsible. Guests fear coming home when they know there is a pet dog.

Moreover, one cannot travel with a carefree mind when one has a pet back home. Making adjustments to keep the pet when one is away is another challenge. When one loses one’s pet, it becomes quite difficult to overcome the sorrow due to emotional attachment. Hence, at times, pets turn out to be pests.

The book has been written by Norman Juster.

The book was written more than 50 years ago.

It is said that the campus of Osmania University remains full of snakes. These snakes becomes more troublesome when it becomes dark and the snakes attack inside the room of the faculties and the staff members. So it is safe to reach at the campus before complete darkness and the snakes are called snake professors.

ऐसा कहा जाता है कि उसमानिया यूनिवर्सिटी का प्राँगण सांपों से भरा रहता है। ये सांप और ज्यादा परेशानी का कारण बन जाते हैं जब अंधेरा हो जाता है तथा ये साँप विषय विशेषज्ञों तथा कर्मचारी कक्षों में हमला बोल देते हैं। इसलिए पूर्ण अंधेरा होने से पहले क्षेत्र में पहुँचना सुरक्षित होता है तथा यहाँ सांपों को नाग व्याख्याता के नाम से जाना जाता है।

Yes, I do have a pet dog named Brady. He usually gets along well with almost everyone. But one of my neighbours Ms. Miranda, an old woman, aged 70, never managed to impressed the canine. He would do did his utmost to make her life miserable. Sometimes tilting her dustbin kept outside her door, spreading garbage all over her entrance door, other times barking at her guests so fiercely to shoo them away before they could even meet her.

But one evening when Ms. Miranda got stuck in the lift, Brady immediately recognised her voice. He couldn’t bear to hear her cry of anxiety mixed with fear. Off he went running, searching for the security guard and rescued her. Since then both, Brady and Ms. Miranda are best friends.

The visit of the author becomes memorable for him together his friend at his home in the old Hyderabad because he and his presence made in trouble to his friend and he himself becomes the cause of trouble and humour when he is dropped by a stranger inspite of his friend at his destination.

लेखक की उसके दोस्त के साथ पुराने हैदराबाद में उसके घर पर हुई मुलाकात लेखक के लिए यादगार बन जाती है। क्योंकि वह और उसकी उपस्थिति उसके दोस्त को परेशानी में डाल देती है तथा लेखक स्वयं परेशानी का कारण बन जाता है तथा हास्य का कारण बन जाता है, जब उसके दोस्त के बजाय किसी अजनबी व्यक्ति के द्वारा उसके गन्तव्य पर उसे छोड़ा जाता है।

On reaching Law College the narrator found that the bike had crossed his destination and speedily going towards Tarnaka. Then the narrator shouted to stop there and not go further to the bike rider.

लॉ कॉलेज पहुँचने पर लेखक ने पाया कि बाईक उसकी मंजिल को पार करके आगे निकल चुकी थी तथा तारनाका की तरफ बढ़ रही थी। तभी लेखक चिल्लाया और वहीं रुकने के लिए कहा तथा बाईक सवार को आगे न जाने के लिए कहा।

(c) To reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake

The novel “The Phantom Tollbooth” is introduced in the passage.

The pet dog Bruno and the little pet cat Tisca would have got upset about the author’s attention-getting divided. Tisca would have refused to eat or drink and Bruno must have barked each time the author would play with Caesar. Bruno and Tisca would have leapt onto the writer’s lap to get his attention like before. Their pet parrot in the cage would have squabbled and squawked at the very sight of Caesar and called him names to tease him.

Author and his grandparents lived in the same house.

Yes, the author’s Grandfather liked animals. We know this from the fact that Grandfather already had some pets and Caesar was taken good care of by Grandfather when he was ailing.

Both the narrator and Balraj play the role of the main character in the story. The quality of taking quick decision makes him the cause of humour, which was to force to the author to drive him on his bike. Although he had no time and he had made a plan to go to movie together his family, but he sacrificed his personal pleasure for his friendship. In this same way the author goes to his house as his family member and enjoys their hospitality perfectly. It shows the sense of dedication for others. In this way we find equal sense of dedication in both friends. It shows the sense of love, pity, equality and perfect understanding. It clears them ideal person whose company can create humour anywhere and make friends easily.

इस कहानी में लेखक तथा बलराज दोनों ही मुख्य नायक की भूमिका निभाते हैं। तुरन्त निर्णय लेने का गुण उसे हास्य का कारण बनाता है जो कि लेखक को बाध्य करना था उसे उसकी बाइक पर बिठाकर घर छोड़ने के लिए। यद्यपि उसके पास समय नहीं था और वह अपने परिवार के साथ सिनेमा देखने जाने की योजना बना चुका था। लेकिन वह दोस्ती के लिए अपना व्यक्तिगत सुख त्याग देता है। बिलकुल इसी तरह लेखक उसके घर जाता है तथा उसके परिवार वाले उसकी खूब मेहमाननवाजी करते हैं। यह दूसरों के लिए। बलिदान को दर्शाता है। इस तरह हमें दोनों दोस्तों में समर्पण के समान भाव मिलते हैं। यह प्रेम, दया, समानता तथा पूर्ण समझ को दर्शाता है। यह उन्हें आदर्श व्यक्ति स्पष्ट करता है जिनका साथ कहीं पर भी हास्य उत्पन्न करता है तथा आसानी से दूसरों को दोस्त बना सकते हैं।

The narrator calls the snakes of the Osmania University Campus “Professor Snakes’ because there are number of snakes and everybody fears of them and it attacked. suddenly in any faculty homes and staff rooms.

लेखक उसमानिया यूनिवर्सिटी के प्राँगण के साँपों को प्रोफेसर स्नेक कहता है क्योंकि वहाँ बहुत अधिक संख्या में सांप हैं तथा प्रत्येक व्यक्ति उनसे डरता है तथा वे किसी भी विषय विशेषज्ञ के घर तथा कर्मचारियों के कक्ष में अचानक हमला कर देते थे।

The narrator went to meet his friend in the old Hyderabad.

लेखक अपने मित्र से मिलने पुराने हैदराबाद गया था।

Balraj and his wife were restive because they had made a plan of going to see a movie. But the presence of the narrator made them restive because they were getting delay and performing their hospitality speedly.

बलराज तथा उसकी पत्नी शांत बैठने में असमर्थ थे क्योंकि वे फिल्म देखने जाने की योजना बना चुके थे। लेकिन लेखक की उपस्थिति उन्हें बेचैन कर रही थी क्योंकि उन्हें देर हो रही थी तथा वे तेजी से अपनी मेहमाननवाजी कर रहे थे।

The narrator stopped at Chanderghat because he wanted to buy a bathing soap.

लेखक चन्दरघाट पर रुका क्योंकि वह एक नहाने का साबुन खरीदना चाहता था।

Ballu promised his wife that he would return back within five minutes.

बल्लू ने अपनी पत्नी से वादा किया कि वह पाँच मिनट के अन्दर-अन्दर वापस लौट आयेगा।

The story takes place in San Francisco in the United States.

Inspite of the opposition to caesar’s presence in the house from Grandmother, Aunt Mabel and Grandfather’s pets, he made himself comfortable there. This is what is meant by “He took over the administration of the house.”

Their generous hospitality made the narrator unaware of the discomfort of Balraj and his wife.

उनकी उदार मेहमाननवाजी ने लेखक को बलराज व उसकी पत्नी की असुविधा के प्रति अजागरूक कर दिया।

The presence of different socio-economic, religious, linguistic and caste group gives us different identities at different times and in different contexts. This can be called social diversity. These identities at some point divide us and at some point unite us. For example, one can be Hindu or Muslim or Sikh but when it comes to education we are all students irrespective of our religion. 

The following are the facts to support the statement.

• People belonging to same religion feel that they do not belong to the same community because their caste is different. For example, Hindus are all of the same religion but there are different castes.
• Sometimes people from different religions can have same caste which gives them a sense of belongingness.
• It may be seen among rich and poor people that they do not keep cordial even after belonging to the same religion, same caste and even family.

Milo, a young boy who lived in San Francisco in the States is the main character in the story

Comparative Study between Overlapping and Cross-cutting Social Differences Overlapping and cross-cutting differences are the situation which determine social divisions. 

The author laught caesar to, say ‘Hello, hello’ in a cracked throaty voice.

The narrator regarded Gyan Babu’s wife as a goddess. She is justified in her feelings. Mrs. Gyan Babu helped her while her own father and father-in-law refused to help her. She was so broad-minded and selfsacrificing that she herself asked Gyan Babu to resign if his principal was adamant to get the narrator turned out of his house. 

In my opinion the sacrifice of Gyan Babu is greater. He was not a political man. Yet he was ready to sacrifice his service; i.e. means of livelihood of his family, for the sake of his friendship.

The answer is that Gyan Babu should tell his principal that he is not going to let that lady go from his house and if he does not like that idea, he can have his resignation.

Phantom (A ghost) is a character we read about in comics. No one knows where he comes from. The same is applicable to the tollbooth. Both Phantom and the tollbooth have one thing in common: ‘their mysterious appearance’ and so the name “The Phantom Tollbooth.

The lady was living with the family of Gyan Chand. After eight days she saw two police constables in front of the house. So she was upset.

The narrator’s father and father-in-law refused to help her when her husband was in jail. Her husband’s friend helped her by keeping her in his house. But now by the order of the Commissioner his service was to be lost. It was only due to her. So the narrator was very restless the whole night.

At her husband’s going to jail, the narrator felt proud. She was not the least perturbed or discouraged. She expressed her feelings by distributing sweets among the freedom fighters. She addressed a meeting also organised by Congress and pledged to follow satyagraha.

1. (ii) I' refers to Hari Singh. He was a 25 year old man and was tall and thin.

2. (iii) He is "a fairly successful hand" at stealing things from the houses, without being caught.

3. (i) Hari was a thief.

4. (iv) Anil was watching a wrestling match.

5. (ii) The word is fate.

When the principal told Gyan Babu to turn out the wife of the jailed freedom fighter from his house, he got disturbed. He faced the situation succesfully by handing his resignation to the principal.

When the principal told Gyan Babu to turn out the wife of the jailed freedom fighter from his house, he got disturbed. He faced the situation succesfully by handing his resignation to the principal.

When the husband of the narrator was taken to jail, she was alone in the house. So she sent two telegrams, one to her father-in-law and another to her father. But both of them responded in an indifferent way. Her father-in-law was afraid lest his pension should be stopped and her father was afraid lest his promotion should be stopped.

Pandit Nehru likes to go to all the nooks and corners of India with young children.

According to Pandit Nehru, there are two simple truths that Nehru talks about in the letter : 

(i) If we meet other people in friendly way, they also become friendly. 

(ii) If we show our dislike to them, they behave in the same manner.

Air Pollutant: 

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

2. Nitrogen Oxides (NO_x)

3. Sulphur Oxides (SO_x) 

Sources : 

1. Gasoline fuel, motor vehicles fuel, burning of wood and coal, solid waste disposal, Industrial Processes. 

2. Primary sources are motor vehicles and power generation stations, combustion of organic matters, furnace stacks, incinerators. 

3. Mainly due to the burning of coal, smelting operations, refineries, chemical plants, open burning of garbage and municipal incinerators.

The grandmother lay dead. Thousands of sparrows came there. They did not Chirrup. They paid their last homage to the old lady silently. She used to feed them regularly. The narrator’s mother threw some crumbs of bread to them. They took no notice of them. As soon as the grandmother’s corpse was carried off, they flew away quietly.

Halku wanted to give the money to Sohana because he did not like that Sohana should abusehim for debt.

Halku did not buy a blanket because he wanted to pay his debt first.

It is the conversion of natural heat from the interior of the Earth to heat buildings and generate electricity. Volcanoes and natural springs.

Halku did the following things to keep himself warın :

(i) He smoked his clay-pipe ten times.

(ii) He kept Jhabra sleep next to him.

(iii) He lit fire in the orchard.

Jhabra slept beside Halku and it barked at cattle when they entered his field. This shows that Jhabra loved Halku.

Context: In this lesson the author describes the meaning of civilization and factors and conditions necessary for it. We should have security, leisure and society so that we may think freely. Moreover, we should behave our neighbours in a good manner and we should respect their property. Only then we can call ourselves civilized. 

Explanation : In this concluding paragraph the author says that art, science and philosophy, political justice and ethics are the things which make us civilized. Art means to make beautiful things, science and philosophy mean to think new things freely and political justice and ethics mean to follow the rules. Although there is much to be adopted to be civilized yet these things help us to a great extent in being civilized.

Context: In this lesson the author describes the meaning of civilization and factors and conditions necessary for it. We should have security, leisure and society so that we may think freely. Moreover, we should behave our neighbours in a good manner and we should respect their property. Only then we can call ourselves civilized. 

Explanation : In this concluding paragraph the author says that art, science and philosophy, political justice and ethics are the things which make us civilized. Art means to make beautiful things, science and philosophy mean to think new things freely and political justice and ethics mean to follow the rules. Although there is much to be adopted to be civilized yet these things help us to a great extent in being civilized.

Context: In this lesson the author describes the meaning of civilization and factors and conditions necessary for it. We should have security, leisure and society so that we may think freely. Moreover, we should behave our neighbours in a good manner and we should respect their property. Only then we can call ourselves civilized. 

Explanation : In this concluding paragraph the author says that art, science and philosophy, political justice and ethics are the things which make us civilized. Art means to make beautiful things, science and philosophy mean to think new things freely and political justice and ethics mean to follow the rules. Although there is much to be adopted to be civilized yet these things help us to a great extent in being civilized.

Context: Inventing new things like Newton and James Watt is also being civilized. Invention of new things requires thinking. But thinking must be free. 

Explanation: Prof. Joad says that in school, students are beastly to new girls who are a bit different from others, so the grown-up people dislike those who try to think or act differently. Free thinking is utmost necessary. Free thinking means thinking differently. If we stick to the tradition, we cannot think freely. People are opposed to free thinking. They like conventional thinking. There is always a great resistance to new thoughts. So it is not easy to think freely. But free thinking is very important. It is necessary for civilization. Without it civilization cannot progress and develop.

According to Lucy wearing proper clothes, riding in buses and cars and having money to buy things make one civilized.