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Correct answer is

(C) a pure line plant

Correct answer is

(D) all of the above

Correct answer is

(C) reciprocal cross

C₂H₆O is an alcohol, i.e. ethanol C₂H₅OH Functional group is – OH

An element or group of elements which replaces one or more hydrogen (H) atoms from hydrocarbon, such that valency of carbon remains satisfied. 

Example: CH₄ → CH₃ – OH 

Hence, – OH is a heteroatom.

A shielkd shaped cotyledon in monocot plants are called scutellum.

Osmoconformers are those animals which show changes in the body fluid concentration according to the concentration of surrounding medium.

Protective covering of the radicle in the cotyledon is called coleorhiza.

Correct option is  A) soap

When stamens are attached to the perianth, the condition is called epiphyllous.

Potato is the swollen tip of an underground stem branch (stolon). It has nodes (eyes) which consist of one or more buds subtended by a leaf scar. Adventitious roots also arise during sprouting. On the other hand sweet potato is a swollen adventitious root (tuberous root). It has no nodes, internodes and buds like a stem.

Correct answer is (c) Datura

Correct answer is (b) Orchids

Protists are of different types: 

(i) Plant like protists (Photosynthetic protists): 

(a) They are termed as phytoplanktons, also known as Chrysophytes. 

(b) They are autotrophic (photosynthetic) in nature and form major producers of ocean ecosystem. 

(c)Most of them are referred as Diatoms because they have body wall made up of two soap-box like fitting silica covers. E.g. Diatoms.

1. Dinoflagellates: 

(i) They are aquatic (mostly marine) and autotrophic (photosynthetic). 

(ii) They have wide range of photosynthetic pigments which can be yellow, green, brown, blue and red. 

(iii) The cell wall is made up of cellulosic stiff plates. 

(iv) A pair of flagella is present, hence they are motile.

(v) They are responsible for famous ‘red tide’. E.g. Gonyaulax. It makes sea appear red. 

2. Euglenoids: 

(i) They lack cell wall but have a tough covering of proteinaceous pellicle. 

(ii) Pellicle covering provides flexibility and contractibility to Euglena.

(iii) They possess two flagella, one short and other long. 

(iv) They behave as heterotrophs in absence of light but possess pigments, similar to that of higher plants, for photosynthesis. 

(ii).  Animal like protists (Consumer protists): 

(a) They are the primitive animal forms. 

(b) They are also termed as protozoans. 

(c) These are heterotrophic and lack cell wall. 

(d) Amoeboid protozoans have pseudopodia as locomotory organs. E.g. Amoeba, Entamoeba. 

Amoeba is free living form, but Entamoeba is endoparasite and causes amoebic dysentery. 

(e) Flagellated protozoans have flagella as locomotory organ. E.g. Trypanosoma. 

(f) Cilliated protozoans have cilia for locomotion. E.g. Paramoecium.

(g) Plasmodium is a Sporozoan protozoa. It causes malaria. It forms spores in one of its life stages. 

(iii). Fungi like protists (Consumer decomposer protists): 

(a) They form a group called Myxomycetes. 

(b) They are saprophytic in nature, found on decaying leaves. 

(c) Their cells aggregate to form a large cell mass called plasmodium. 

(d) The spores of plasmodium are very tough and survive extreme conditions, e.g. Slime molds.

Diatoms forms a substance called Diatomaceous earth. These are the shells of diatoms containing silica that left behind for many years. Diatomaceous earth is granular; hence it is used in polishing and filtration.

Circulation in the cockroach: In cockroach, nutrients and waste products are transported by the open circulatory system. In cockroach, there is a main dorsal vessel termed as heart or aorta. It is a muscular tube, which has 13 chambers. The heart is pulsating. In it, blood flows from the posterior portion to the anterior portion. Heart or aorta opens at the apex of the anterior portion The blood in an anterior part of the body, leaves the aorta and spread through large open spaces in the body called sinuses. The blood now, trickles backwards through the sinuses and reaches all cells. Finally, blood returns to the aorta, through a valve-like opening in the heart. Thus, the blood circulation is completed. Blood has no pigment, so it is not helpful in exchange of gases. For the exchange of gases, there is a tracheal system.

Circulation in earthworm: There is a closed circulatory system in the earthworm. The earthworm has two main dorsal and ventral vessels. At the anterior end of these two vessels, are four pairs of heart. By the pulsation of the heart, the blood flows and circulates in the body through the ventral vessel. After circulation in the body, the blood reaches the heart through dorsal vessel. The rhythmic contraction of heart pumps the blood into ventral vessels. The blood after circulation returns to the heart, by dorsal vessel valves in the heart. Dorsal vessel is like a one-way door, which keeps the blood flowing in the right direction. Earthworm blood contains red, an ionised pigment called haemoglobin, for the transportation of oxygen. Haemoglobin is found in a plasma fluid. Thus, in the earthworm, the transportation of oxygen and mechanism of respiration is less efficient as compared to man.

1. Central nervous system, 

2. Peripheral nervous system, 

3. Autonomous nervous system

A – Promoter
B – Coding strand.

The operator region is located adjacent to promoter elements or prior to structural gene. The operator regulates switching on and off the operon when the repressor binds to the operator region it is switched off and prevents transcription. 

In the presence of inducer the repressor is inactivated and operator allows RNA polymerase to access the promoter. The operon is switched on and transcription proceeds.

• 5′ end
• Ribosome binding site
• Start
• Stop signal
• Open reading frames (ORFs)
• 3′ end.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPS).
1 – RNA polymerase
2 – hn
3 – processed RNA
4 – tail.

• The poly nucleotide chain has at one end a free phosphate at the 5′ end of the pentose sugar. Which is referred to as 5′ end.
• The other end of polynucleotide chain has a free. 3′ – OH group at the 3rd end of the pentose sugar which is referred to as 3′ end of polynucleotide chain.

All tRNA have 2 unusual bases – dihydro uridine (derived from uracil) and pseudo uridine (from uraicl. The third common unusual base is hypoxanthine (from adenine).

(i) tRNA reads the genetic codes, carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis and act as an adaptor molecule.

(ii) rRNA plays structural and catalytic role during translation.

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are unusual sequences of 20-100 base pairs, which are repeated several times and are arranged tandency.

The unit of DNA in which replication occurs is known as replicon.

Different organisms differ in their DNA sequence.

1. Smooth muscles: They bring about involuntary movements like peristalsis in the alimentary canal, constriction and dilation of blood vessels. 

2. Cardiac muscles: They bring about contraction and relaxation of the heart. 

3. Striated muscles: They control voluntary movements of limbs, head, trunk, eyes, etc.

The four basic types locomotory movements seen in animals are: 

1. Amoeboid movement: It is performed by pseudopodia, e.g. leucocytes. 

2. Ciliary movement: It is performed by cilia, e.g. ciliated epithelium. In Paramoecium, cilia help in passage of food through cytopharynx.

3. Whirling movement: It is performed by flagella, e.g. sperms. 

4. Muscular movement: It is performed by muscles, with the help of bones and joints.

सही विकल्प है (B) 1971

Different bones of our body combine together to form the skeleton.

Skeletal muscles (Voluntary muscles)

1. Smooth / non-striated / visceral / involuntary muscles 

2. Cardiac muscles 

3. Skeletal / straited / voluntary muscles.

The fundamental characteristic of the muscle is contraction. Therefore, muscle can only pull and not push the bone.

Closing capital is compared with opening capital in capital comparision method.

Correct option is (b) Statement of affairs

Statement of Affairs is prepared under Single Entry System to ascertain the capital.

Correct option is (d) only one effect for some transactions and two effects of remaining transactions.

Correct answer is (A) Poeteds

Correct Answer is: A. Infrared radiations 

Greenhouse Gases. Radiation from the sun is absorbed by the earth as radiant visible light.

The infrared radiation strikes a molecule such as carbon dioxide and causes the bonds to bend and vibrate - this is called the absorption of IR energy. 

The molecule gains kinetic energy by this absorption of IR radiation.

A. Infrared radiations

The house went into silence because the woman who used to live there was dead.

Respiratory pigment haemocyanin is found in the animals of Mollusca phylum.

Cistron is a segment of gene which codes for a certain polypeptide or protein.

Difference between cistron and an exon :

Cistron : A segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide chain; the structural gene in a transcription unit could be said as monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in bacteria or prokaryotes). 

Exon : The coding sequences or expressed sequences are defined as exons. Exons are said to be those sequences that appear in mature or processed mRNA.

Exon: Coded/expressed sequence of nucleotides in mRNA.

Intron: Intervening sequence of nucleotides not appearing in processed mRNA.

Detailed Answer: 

The exons are the coding segments or sequences of mRNA while the intron are the non-coding segments or intervening nucleotide sequences of mRNA which are removed during splicing through processing of mRNA.

The DNA fragments can be separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.

(a) (i) Investment from abroad-It is entered to credit side.

(ii) Transfer of Funds to relatives abroad: It is entered to debit side.

(b) (i) Investment from abroad-Capital Account because Capital Account records capital transfers between one country and rest of the worlds.

(ii) Transfer of funds to relatives abroad-Current Account. Because the Current Account records the transfer of funds to relatives abroad.