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दोषों का पर्दाफाश करना बुरी बात नहीं है। लेकिन जब किसी के गलत पक्ष में रुचि रखकर उसे उदघाटित करना अपना कर्तव्य मान लिया जाता है, तब वह बुरा बन जाता है।

मन बैठ जाना – उदास होना
वाक्य : बार-बार की असफलता से उसका मन बैठ गया है।

फलना-फूलना – विकसित होना, समृद्ध होना
वाक्य : महात्मा ने मुझे फलने-फूलने का आशीर्वाद दिया।

चेहरे पर हवाइयाँ उड़ना – चेहरे का रंग फीका पड़ना
वाक्य : लोगों का क्रोध देखकर कंडक्टर के चेहरे पर हवाइयाँ उड़ने लगीं।

पर्दाफाश करना – भेद खोलना
वाक्य : चोर पकड़ा गया तो उसने अपने साथियों का पर्दाफाश कर दिया।

ढाढ़स बंधाना – सांत्वना देना, तसल्ली देना
वाक्य : गरीब मजदूर के घर में चोरी हो जाने पर पुलिस ने उसे डाढ़स बंधाया।

कातर ढंग से देखना – भयभीत होकर देखना
वाक्य : सुरेश नकल करते हुए पकड़ा गया तो बड़े कातर ढंग से निरीक्षक की ओर देखने लगा।

He was in his office every morning at nine thirty and never left it till six.

In e-business, payments have to be made online. 

Explanation: 

Electronic business or e-business refers to the trading of goods and services through computer systems and online networks. In this type of business, there is no exchange of cash across the counter, as payment is made online through the web with the help of payment gateways.

The most important part of Miss Beam’s school system was that their children were made to appreciate and understand misfortune. They make them.. share in misfortune too.

The future Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, was born in the fifth or sixth century B.C. in Lumbini (in modern-day Nepal). Siddhartha is a Sanskrit name meaning "one who has accomplished a goal," and Gautama is a family name.

His father, King Suddhodana, was the leader of a large clan called the Shakya (or Sakya). It's not clear from the earliest texts whether he was a hereditary king or more of a tribal chief. It is also possible that he was elected to this status.

Suddhodana married two sisters, Maya and Pajapati Gotami. They are said to have been princesses of another clan, the Koliya, from what is northern India today. Maya was the mother of Siddhartha, and he was her only child. She died shortly after his birth. Pajapati, who later became the first Buddhist nun, raised Siddhartha as her own.

By all accounts, Prince Siddhartha and his family were of the Kshatriya caste of warriors and nobles. Among Siddhartha's more well-known relatives was his cousin Ananda, the son of his father's brother. Ananda would later become the Buddha's disciple and personal attendant. He would have been considerably younger than Siddhartha, however, and they didn't know each other as children.

The words ‘But his power counted for naught’ mean ‘his power was worthless’,

Gautama Buddha was shielded against all sights of pain and suffering. One day he came out of his palace and saw an old man, a funeral procession and a monk begging. Thus, he realised how human life is full of pain and suffering, decay and death. This made him renounce the world and become ascetic.

Human beings were able to develop proper technology using his knowledge and intelligence. It has taken man a long time to reach at the present level of technology. In primitive age when the level of technology was very low man was bound to follow the dictates of nature. In those times man was a slave of nature, scared of its powerful force and used to worship nature to make it happy. In these conditions the state of cultural development was also primitive.

However, the process was gradual but man developed technology and it is also to be noted that man has been able to utilize this technology only after understanding the various laws of nature. For example; understanding of laws of friction gave birth to many inventions. Similarly after understanding secrets of DNA and laws of genetics, man has overcome many diseases and aeroplanes could be invented only after understanding the laws of aerodynamics. Today the level of technology is touching the heights of sky through which man seems to get free from the natural forces. Earthquake, cyclones, landslides, volcanoes and other natural disasters keep reminding man that he is still a slave to nature.

It implies that man can’t be completely free from natural forces but with the development of technology man has become free from nature and this freedom can be expanded further. Man needs to follow Stop and Go approach. It means possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.

Humanisation of Nature. Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. These are products of human industry; natural material transformed into organs of the human will over nature, or of human participation in nature. Communism wouldentail not only the (re)naturalization of humanity, but perhaps first and foremost the humanization of nature.

“Buddha” is a title that acknowledges an accomplishment. It means “awakened/enlightened one”, and Siddhartha was not the only Buddha, nor the last Buddha. In fact, all of us have the potential to become enlightened, to become a Buddha.

In India, it is not possible to provide a complete study of India and agriculture within the scope of a book.

Man and environment are inter-related. The environment influences the life of human beings who in-turn modifies the environment as a result of their growth, dispersal, activities, death, etc. Thus, all living beings including man and their environment are mutually reactive affecting each other in a number of ways and a dynamic equilibrium is possible between the two, i.e., human beings and environment are interdependent. If the natural environment helped in the development of different structures of the society on the one hand, the existence and quality of environment now rests on the responses of these social structures to the environment on the other hand.

The burning issues like quality of environment, disruption of earth’s natural ecosystems, environmental degradation and pollution, ecological imbalances, depletion of resources, etc., can be approached and solved only after considering the value judgments which may be determined by taking into account the consequences of ‘Environmental Improvement Programme’ on the entire society and society’s response towards the programme. However, all these depend on the interest and desire of the society in improving the quality of environment.

The interaction between the environment and man depends largely on the social and political system. The differential interactions are due to the uneven distribution of natural resources, uneven economic and social development, dissimilarities of demographic factors, varying view points of the governments and individuals towards the environment, etc.

Continuous and exceedingly increasing rate of exploitation of natural resources, industrialisation, technological growth, unplanned urbanisation and profit-oriented capitalism by the developed western world are responsible for grave environmental crisis and ecological imbalance not confined to their own countries but to the whole world.

The changes in the relationship between man and environment depend upon the change in organisation and attitude of man. To improve environmental stand and to maintain ecological balance.

The following remedies are important:

• Rapid growth of population
• Rational use of non-polluted water resources
• Use of organic fertilizers for agricultural growth
• To check soil erosion
• Restoration of forest resources
• To check pollution

When Patrick got A’s, his teachers smiled and were full of praise, and his parents wondered what had happened to Patrick.

• The knowledge of geography is important in our dayto-day life because with geographical knowledge we can understand the basic physical systems that affect our everyday life.
• For example, the earth-sun relationship, water cycle, wind, ocean currents, etc.
• For the effective functioning of different places, we learn the physical and cultural characteristics of places.
• With the help of geography, we can understand the geography of the past, how geography had played an important role in the evolution of people, their ideas, places and environment.
• We can prepare a map of a province or territory, country and the world, so that one can understand the location of various countries. 
• For example, the political map of the Asian continent gives idea about location of Asian countries.
• With the help of various distribution maps, we can understand distribution of minerals, crops, population, etc., in the world. 
• For example, with the help of dot map we can understand spatial distribution of population in the world.
• With the help of economic geography, we can understand the development of economic activities in different countries of the \yorld and their correlation with physical and economic factors. 
• For example, we can study the world’s leading areas in fishing activities and their reasons.
• With the help of climatology, we understand atmospheric phenomenon, such as cyclones, global warming, etc.
• The study of sustainable development in geography teaches us to appreciate the earth as humankind’s homeland and provide an insight for wise management decisions about the usage of the earth’s resources.
• With the help of geography, we can understand global inter-dependence to become a better global citizen.
• Thus, with the help of geography, we can study physical features, economic activities, trade, people, etc., in the world.

Correct option is C. Patrick would get even A’s.

1. The name of the lesson is “The Rules of the Road’.

2. The rules of the road are necessary for the safety of everyone.

3. If people do not obey traffic rules, accidents will happen sooner or later.

4. The roads in our cities are getting more and more busy because all kinds of vehicles fill the roads during the greater part of the day.

5. Aim mean purpose and those who walk on foot means pedestrians.

1. The name of the lesson is ‘The Rules of the Road’.

2. The general traffic rule in all parts of India is that all vehicle should keep to the left.

3. The cyclists are advised to be careful about giving signals.

4. The cyclists are not allowed to be careless about giving signals. The reason is that their carelessness will be dangerous to them as well as to others.

5. ‘Overtaking’ means to catch up a vehicle from behind and go forward suddenly.

Correct option is (a) to give the right signals.

1. The name of the lesson is ‘The Rules of the Road’.

2. The general traffic rule in all parts of India is that all vehicle should keep to the left.

3. The cyclists are advised to be careful about giving signals.

4. The cyclists are not allowed to be careless about giving signals. The reason is that their carelessness will be dangerous to them as well as to others. 

5. ‘Overtaking’ means to catch up a vehicle from behind and go forward suddenly.

All users of road should give right signals, so that others on the road may be warned.

(i) Pedestrians
(ii) Motorists

(i) Vehicles, pedestrians 

(ii) Argue 

(ii) Signal 

(iv) Careless

There are certain rules of the road which we should know. The vehicle coming from the right has right of way over the one coming from the left at the round abouts. Drivers of the vehicle should give right signals. The cyclists should always keep to edge of the road. Pedestrians should know the rules of the road so that they may see the right way of vehicles. Above all the most important rule of all is to obey the policeman on duty. His work is very important. Hence we should obey him.

want - required

convenience - comfort

objected - protested

argue - give reasons 

suppose - think

There are certain rules of the road which we should know. The vehicle coming from the right has right of way over the one coming from the left at the round about. Drivers of the vehicle should give right signals. The cyclists should always keep to edge of the road. Pedestrians should know the rules of the road so that they may see the right way of vehicles. Above all the most important rule of all is to obey the policeman on duty. His work is very important. Hence we should obey him.

We some times get in the way of other people without knowing it. This happens when we do not care for the convenience of other people.

We some times get in the way of other people without knowing it. This happens when we do not care for the convenience of other people.

unique - matchless

depressed - sad

growth - development

event - happening

temporary - permanent

appointed - disappointed

victory - defeat

maximum - minimum

action - reaction

Patrick brought more and more books and read them for the tiny man. He was working harder than ever staying up nights to help the elf complete his homework.

Patrick’s wish was that the elf should do all his homework till the end of the semester.

(a) unique 

(b) measure 

(c) inventor 

(d) proved 

(e) struggle

Jagdish Chandra Bose was a great scientist. He invented a unique machine named ‘Crescograph’. It was the amazing instrument which records the growth of plants. It showed that blants have hearts and are capable of feeling. It also indicated that plants have a keen sight and react o rays of light and wireless waves.

The name of the instrument was ‘Crescograph’. The machine was unique and wonderful because it showed that plants have sight and a sense.

Jagdish Chandra Bose built that instrument. He proved with the help of this machine that plants have hearts and can feel.

I’ll wake without a knock.

A fat man is more likely to have a higher blood-pressure. The excess fat has a lot of capillaries. The heart has to work harder to push blood through these capillaries.

d) in the dusty soil

Rabindranath Tagore, the famous poet, short story writer, song composer, essayist, novelist, painter, philosopher, social reformer and dramatist came into prominence when he was awarded the nobel prize in 1913. Gurudev or Tagore of simply Rabindranath was born into an affluent and brilliant talented family on May 7, 1861. His grandfather Dwarkanath Tagore had amassed great wealth through in¬vestment and speculation in coal mines, indigo and sugar mills.

Rabindranath was the youngest son of Rabindranath Tagore, a leader of Brahma Samaj. He started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education. Later in 1901, he founded ViswaBharti University at Shantiniketan at Bolpur that grew into international university.

Some of his famous works are ‘Gitanjali’ ‘Gora’ ‘The crescent moon’, ‘Fruit Gathering’, ‘Lover’s gift’, ‘The gardener’. His short stories include ‘Kabuliwallah’ ‘The post office’ ‘The Hungry Stones’ etc.

His fame spread far and wide taking him across continents on lecture tours for the world he became the voice of India’s spiritual heritage, and for India especially for Bengal, he became great living institution. Tagore, the internationally famous thinker, philosopher and educationist died in Calcutta, now Kolkata on August 7, 1941.

The greatest single cause of death is fatigue.

(a) coronary arteries

No, the last two lines do not talk about death. The two lines just say to devotees to realize the God in himself through hard work.

b) hard work

In our school we are taught to help other as for as we can. So after my school I’ll teach children beside to my house who cannot attend the school I think whatever good deeds done by us pleases god. Every Saturday and Sunday I spend two hours in old age homes and serve them These are my own examples of pleasing god. I do this for my self satisfaction rather to please the god.

d) Work hard like farmers

Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhiji are two examples of people who pleased God. Mother Teresa pledged her life to serve mankind. Gandhiji brought independence threw non-violence and hunger strike shows his hard work. He saw the God in the soul of every human being and worked hard for the mankind.

b) doing socially useful and beneficial work

(i) Make haste or you will be late. 

(ii) The Ginza is a good hotel but it is very expensive. 

(iii) The teacher said that the sun is larger than the moon. 

(iv) This is the village where I was born. 

(v) The boy who stood first got the first prize.