Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Take ethanol and ethanoic acid in two different test tubes. 

2. Add nearly 18 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) to each test tube. 

3. Lots and lots of bubbles and foam will be observed from the test tube containing ethanoic acid. This is due to release of CO₂ . NaHCO₃ + CH₃ COOH → CH₃ COONa + H₂O + CO₂ 

4. Ethanol will not react with sodium bicarbonate and thus we won’t observe any change in the test tube containing ethanol. Thus we can separate ethanol from ethanoic acid.

(a) Acids are defined as compounds which contain one or more hydrogen atoms, and when dissolved in water, they produce hydronium ions (H₃O⁺), the only positively charged ions.

(b) Hydronium ion

(c) H₃O⁺

Ethanol reacts with sodium metal to from sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. This reaction is used as a test for ethanol. When a small piece of  sodium metal is put into ethanol in a dry test tube. rapid effervescence is produced due to evolution of hydrogen gas.

2C₂H₅OH + 2Na  → 2C₂H₅O^-Na⁺ + H₂

The answer is (b) Au

• Answer is gold because solution C is mixture of Concentrated HCl and Concentrated HNO₃ which is called aqua rezia. 
• Aqua Rezia dissolves gold.

Ethanoic acid turns blue litmus solution red being acidic in nature, whereas ethanol doesn't change the colour of the litmus solution.

To distinguish between ethanol and Ethanoic acid

• Take 10 ml of Ethanol and 10 ml of Ethanoic acid in two different test tubes.
• Take two strips of blue litmus paper and die then in above test tubes.
• There is no change in the colour of litmus paper which is dipped in alcohol.
• Blue litmus turns to red, which is dipped in ethanoic acid.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate can be used to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.

Sodium hydrogencarbonate can be used to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.

(c) The new approach of separatism has been arised between all countries of the world.

(b) Chemistry

Correct Option  (b) Zero

Explanation:

Work done by centripetal force is always zero.

Correct Option  (c) 1 : 1

Explanation:

As time periods are equal therefore ratio of angular speeds will be same ω = 2π/T

Correct option is (d) Scientific

Correct option is (a) Direct control.

Human beings are bundles of emotions, A small angry look from a friend, a scolding from a teacher one admires, a taunt from mom could influence our moods the whole day.

Correct Answer is : (b) honey

Correct Answer is : (c) gleeful

Correct Answer is : (b) sugary

When good things keep happening, we are happy. If we don’t get an easy question paper or the expected questions don’t appear we feel quite upset. If a close friend becomes angry, instead of analysing what caused it, we feel dejected. When centum is the goal, even 99% of marks disappoints us.

Yes, we should not be swayed by every passing emotions. But we are the sum total of our experiences. What ever bitter sweet experiences that occur do influence us. Latest researches . say that the food we eat, weather, clothes, the colour around us and punishing work schedules can adversely affect our moods. It would be ideal if we don’t allow external circumstances to influence our equanimity of mind and the ability to stay focused on our goals.

The greedy seller was dishonest. After sometimes, he came back and said the old woman to bring out the bowl. Moved to anger at his pretence, the old woman said that you had told the bowl was worth nothing. She also told him that an honest seller gave them five hundred silver coins and all his pots for the bowl. Now regretting his loss the greedy seller was so full of sorrow, disappointment and so maddened that he lost control over himself.

Usually she would receive the flower from her avourite pupil Mary Beazley. She would tuck it in her belt with great tenderness and give a smile to her. The music class would start with a joyful note.

Correct Answer is : (c) pierced

The content of Basil’s letter read, “I feel more and more strongly that our marriage would be a mistake. Not that I don’t love you. I love you as much as it is possible for me to love any woman but, truth to tell, I have come to the conclusion that I am not a marrying man and the idea of settling down fills me with nothing but – the word “disgust” was scratched out and “regret” written over the top.

Correct Answer is : (b) Meady

A telegram addressed to Miss. Meadows was received at the school’s office. The Head mistress could not fathom the content of the Telegram. Believing that the telegram must be a harbinger of a tragedy, the Headniistress Miss. Wyatt summoned Miss. Meadows to her room.

Mass communication: Means (like electronic media) which covers large number of people at the same time.

Different means of communication are radio, television, films and internet, newspapers and magazines.

Significance of mass communication are:

(i) Covers more than 95% of India's total population.

(ii) Source of education and entertainment.

(iii) Most instant means of mass information.

(iv) Brings all classes of people together.

Personal communication means a communication between two persons either through oral, letter or through telephone etc, while mass communication includes the use of radio, television, press, films etc, for wider public audience. The two points of importance of mass communication are (i) provides entertainment and (ii) creates awareness among people about various national programmes and policies.

An electron revolving around the nucleus continuously should lose energy. As a result, it should be gradually pulled towards the nucleus and end up colliding with it. if this should happen then the atom would collapse ‘Rutherford’s atomic model could not explain the stability of the atom.

In 1913 Neil’s Bohr presented a model of an atom which is now called the model. The postulates of this model are. 

1. Electron revolve around the nucleus only in certain permissible circular orbits called shells. 

2. The shells are designated by the letters K.L.M.N. O.P. etc. 

3. Electron in each shell have been associated with definite amount of energy. Electrons in higher shell have more energy than those nearer to the nucleus. 

4. The energy of an electron remains constant as long as it revolves in its own shell.

Postulates of Bohr atom model: 

1. The electron in an atom moves around nucleus in circular orbits under the influence of Coulomb electrostatic force of attraction. This Coulomb force gives necessary centripetal force for the electron to undergo circular motion. 

2. Electrons in an atom revolve around the nucleus only in certain discrete orbits called stationary orbits where it does not radiate electromagnetic energy. Only those discrete orbits allowed are stable orbits.

1. Chaitra 

2. Shree 

3. Shree’s aunt 

4. Shree 

5. Chaitra 

6. Chaitra 

7. Shree 

8. Shree’s aunt 

9. Shree’s aunt 

10. Policewoman

Sher Shah known as a good administrator because of following reasons: 

1. Sher Shah divided his empire into provinces (sarkars). 

2. Each province had a governor with his team of officials to carry out the administrative duties. 

3. A province was divided into a number of districts called parganas. Each pargana was made up of a number of villages. The village was the lowest administrative unit. 

4. The two top officials in a pargana were shiqdar-i-shiqdaran and munsif-i-munsifan. The shiqdar handled law and order. The munsif took care of the revenue collection and other civil matters. 

5. The panchayat looked after village administration. 

6. The two main officials in a village were patwari (revenue collector) and muqaddam in charge of law and order.

Sher Khan was able to strengthen his position in Bengal and Bihar because of following reasons: 

1. Sher Shah personally supervised the recruitment and training of his soldiers who had to maintain strict discipline. 

2. He revived Sultan Alauddin’s measures of branding horses (dagh) and maintaining descriptive rolls of soldiers (chehra). 

3. He paid regular salary based on their skills. 

4. He set up forts and garrisons in different parts of the empire for speedy deployment of soldiers. 

5. Sher Shah kept a close watch over all his officials. He set up a spy system to know about the happenings in all parts of the empire.The officials were transferred every 2-3 years to prevent them from becoming corrupt or powerful.

Sher Shah was the son of a jagirdar of Sasaram (in Bihar). His actual name was Farid Khan. During his employment under the ruler of Bihar, he killed a tiger single-handedly, and came to be known as Sher Khan. Then he conquered many states and become Sher Shah.

1. Sher Shah constructed an excellent network of roads, mainly the Grand Trunk Road from Peshawar to Sonargaon (Bengal). He also built roads from Agra to Jodhpur and Chittor. He built another road from Lahore to Multan. 

2. To make travel comfortable Sher Shah built sarais and wells at regular intervals. 

3. Trees were also planted on both sides of the roads. In all, 1700 sarais (inns) were constructed for the travellers. These sarais gradually gained in importance and became the centres of trade. 

4. Special officers known as Muqaddams were appointed to ensure the safety of travellers. 

5. Roads helped Sher Shah to establish a good postal system and promoted inland trade. 

6. His roads and sarais have been called ‘the arteries of the empire’. 

7. Sher Shah divided his empire into 47 provinces (sarkars). Each sarkar was them divided into many districts (parganas). A pargana comprised several villages.

The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers can continue to be in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the Lok Sabha. They can be thrown out of office by a vote of no-confidence passed by a majority of members present and voting in the house.

The principles of war and conquests was glorified by Dictators.

Correct Answer is: (c) Germany

The coal mines given to France were Saar.

The financial cost of the II World War was five times higher than that of the I World War.

The students can take the following topics for debate and finally conclude, UN is successful as it has stopped the nations from bringing another war. Small to big clashes were/are handled by UN efficiently.

Argument for: 

The topics of discussion for debate are:

1. Solving International conflicts: Since 1945, UN peacekeepers have undertaken over 60 field missions and negotiated 172 peaceful settlements that ended Regional conflicts. 

2. Liberation from Colonial rule: Eighty nations and more than 750 million people have been freed from colonialism. 

3. Human Rights: Custodian for the protection of human rights, discrimination against women, Children’s rights, torture, missing persons etc. in many countries. 

4. Enhancing Human life: Specialised agencies of the UN engaged in enhancing all aspects of human life, including education, health, poverty reduction, climate change. 

5. Treaties: More than 560 multilateral treaties on human rights, refugees, disarmament.

Argument against:

Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT): Signed by 190 nations, all live superpowers owned nuclear weapons. Later, several countries North Korea, Israel, Pakistan, India developed nuclear weapons.

Veto Power: Veto power has limited its effectiveness at critical times.

War Criminals: The International criminal court has prosecuted several war criminals. But it has been criticised for prosecuting only African leaders. But Western powers too have committed war crimes.

Israel Attack: Israel attacked homes schools, U.N. shelters in Gaza killing 2,200 Palestinians. The U.N. Security Council has failed any action against Israel.

Conclusion: U.N. is imperfect but it is also indispensable. It is successful as, it is avoiding any other war.

Vanamahotsava and Chipko Movement.  

World War II was the most devastating war in history. It left a deep impact on the entire world. It changed the world in fundamental ways. 

Here are the effects of this War:

(i) The world got polarised into two main blocs led by superpowers, one led by the United States which followed anti-communist ideology, and the other by Soviet Russia which was essentially communist in nature. Europe was thus divided into two: Communist and non-communist.

(ii) The United States and the Soviet Union entered into a race to have more nuclear powered World War II 43 weapons. They built a large stockpile of such weapons. Meanwhile, Britain and France developed their own nuclear weapons.

(iii) Gradually there arose competition among countries. They began to devote large amount of resources in developing more and more powerful weapons with great destructive power, and defence spending skyrocketed in many countries.

(iv) It was realised that the League of Nations was ineffective and weak. So countries of the world decided not to repeat the mistake. Instead, many international agencies, in particular the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund came into existence providing a forum for countries large and small.

(v) Many other important social and economic changes also took place in the post-War world. Colonial powers were forced to give independence to former colonies in a process of decolonisation. India was the first country to get independence.

(vi) Women became the part of labour force in huge numbers. They became economically independent.

Ganga Brahmaputra delta 

Proper and sustainable use of forest resources without causing any adverse effect on our economy or environment.

Sundari , screw pine, agar, keora

Evergreen forests are found in western slopes of Western Ghats, West Bengal and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Stilted roots help in respiration of the trees since soil is waterlogged all the time. 

Pine: Making of turpentine and tea chest 

Fir: Making of matchbox, paper and pulp. 

Deodar: Making of railway sleepers.