Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Self-hypnosis helps to relieve mental stress. It helps to divert your thinking to self imagination. It is done till you feel rested and refreshed. The concentration is fully imposed on the mind. We count numbers in a reverse order while relaxing in a chair. The counting should correspond with breathing. This gradually reduces mental stress.

The screen exercise shows us how to step back and emotionally detach ourselves from our current situation of stress. This helps us see more clearly what is going on. Imagining another person in our situation puts a new perspective on our stress problem so that we can evaluate more calmly.

When you are taken over with emotions clear thinking is dimmed. Process of decision taking is endangered. Screen exercise helps detach yourself emotionally from the current situation and settle in clear thinking. Here you have to imagine what another person would do in your situation. This will help you to evaluate the problem more clearly.

If we close our eyes and think on the current situation causing stress, we project a picture on the screen of our mind as if it were a film. You have to imagine what really happened and not what might happen. After some time you will be relieved of stress.

1. Raisin swells up when kept in a Hypotonic so lution.

2. Water and mineral salts absorbed by root is known as Sap.

3. The condition opposite to turgid is Flaccid.

4. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to the region of their lower concentration.

5. Osmosis in the diffusion of Water molecules from the region of higher water-water potential to that of lower potential across a S.P.M.

6. Wilting and drooping of leaves is due to loss of Turgidity.

Osmosis involves:

• Cell to cell movement of water
• Movement of water through cortical cells
• Adiva absorption of water through roots

1. The pressure which develops in the cortical cells of root which force a part of the water upward Root pressure.

2. Leaves get wilted if Xylem is removed from the plant.

3. Water serves as a medium for the transport of inorganic salts and food molecules in the plant.

4. When there is no movement of water in the cell from the outside medium, the medium is considered to Isotonic to cell sap.

5. A plasmolysed cell has Shrunken protoplast.

Diffusion: It is the movement of molecules of solid, liquid or gas from their higher concentration area to their lower concentration area.

Due to the presence of cuticle, which does not allow water molecules to pass through it.

Pollination in gymnosperms is said to be direct as the pollens are deposited directly on the exposed ovules.

(i) Beaker 1: Hypotonic solution

Beaker 2: Hypertonic solution

Beaker 3: Isotonic solution

(ii) In beaker 3 the size of potato cube remains the same because of isotonic solution which has same concentration of solutes as that of potato cells. So water is neither lost or gained by the potato cells.

(iii) Cell sap of root hairs is much more concentrated than the soil solution and this causes entry of water into the root cells.

(iv) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a more dilute solution to a less dilute solution, through a semi-permeable membrane.

(v) Cell wall is freely permeable while cell membrane is selectively permeable.

(i) Osmosis.

(ii) Osmotic pressure.

(iii) In plants, in the root cells and in animals in the RBC’s.

(iv) Cellophane paper or goat bladder, etc.

When the stamens and stigma of a flower mature at the same time it is said to be homogamy. It favours self-pollination to occur. Example: Mirabilis jalapa.

(i) To demonstrate the role of xylem and phloem in flowering plants.

(ii) In shoot A phloem tissue has been removed. In shoot B central xylem tissue has been removed.

(iii) Plant A gets water and minerals and synthesizes its food and remains healthy. Plant B due to lack of xylem does not get its supply of water and minerals. The leaves are seen drooping and will dry.

(i) The size of the holes in the membrane is large enough to allow only the solvent particles to pass through it. But solute particle cannot pass through it. Thus, the membrane acts as the semi-permeable.

(ii) Solvent molecules will pass through the membrane in both directions. Since solvent molecules are present on both the sides they will strike the semi-permeable membrane and pass through the same.

(iii) There is a net movement of solvent molecules from the place of its higher chemical potential to the place of its lower chemical potential, i.e., from right to left.

1. Adhesive and cohesive forces are attractive forces between molecules of same substance. 

2. Cohesive forces exist between molecules of the same type. E.g. between water-water molecule. 

3. Adhesive forces exist between dissimilar molecules. E.g. water molecule and lignin deposited wall of xylem element.

The membrane Selectively or differentially permeable allow water molecules to pass through, but not sugar molecules.

The raisins are dry grapes. When these are kept in water, it enters into the raisins by osmosis (endosmosis) and raisins swell up.

(d) The entire protoplast acts as a membrane

Since coconut seed possess endosperm, it is called as albmunious seed. Endosperm nourishes the embryo during seed germination.

(a) Nuclear Endosperm 

(b) Helobial Endosperm 

(c) Cellular Endosperm 

(d) Ruminate Endosperm

Cross – pollination refers to the transfer of pollens on the stigma of another flower. 

The cross-pollination is of two types:

1. Geitonogamy 

2. Xenogamy

The condition in Plasmolysis the water from a cell is completely removed due to exosmosis and no more shrinkage is possible.

Cohesive Force: The force produced by the molecular attraction between water particles.

Adhesive Force: The force of attraction between the molecules of unlike bodies that act to hold them together is called adhesive force.

It refers to the kind of external osmotic environment of a cell or it refers to the type of solution outside the cell.

Turgor pressure exerted by cell content s on a plant cell wall.

(i) Water is major component of protoplasm.

(ii) It is an important raw material for photosynthesis.

(iii) Most metabolic and enzymatic reactions take place in the presence of water.

A cell in a fully extended condition is Turgid.

Very strong sugar solution is hypertonic to the grapes juice. Therefore, water from inside the grapes moves to outside hypertonic solution. It results shrinkage of the grapes.

Active transport Movement of ions from the region of lower concentration to higher concentration by using energy (ATP).

Significance of Diffusion:

(i) It helps in the exchange of respiratory gases.

(ii) It helps in the transport of food molecules without the plant body.

Guttation process.

Exploitation and consumption of natural resources will ultimately result in their scarcity.

● Hug the tree was a movement aimed to protect the trees and forests from being destroyed.

● This movement is also called as Chipko Andolan and started by Sunder Lal Bahuguna. 

● It was started in the 1970's to inspire eco-groups by helping to slow down the rapid deforestation, expose vested interests, increase ecological awareness, and demonstrate the viability of people power. 

● The villagers used to hug the trees and protect them from the contractors from cutting them.

1. a. Deforestation

2. a. TRUE

3. d. All of the above

4. d. All of the above

5. d. None of the above

Rainwater harvesting.

The brain and the spinal cord lie in the skull and the vertebral column respectively. They have an important role to play because all bodily activities are controlled by them. A stimulus from any part of the body is always carried to the brain or spinal cord for the correct response. A response to a stimulus is also generated in the central nervous system. Therefore, the brain and the spinal cord are called the central nervous system.

Plants carry out photosynthesis, which converts the energy of the sun into a form which can be used by the rest of the living world.

1. b. NO

2. d. All of the above

3. d. None of the above

4. c. Both A and B

5. d. All of the above

It is a group of bacteria found in human intestine whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease causing micro-organisms.

a) The plant root grows towards water and the phenomenon is known as the hydrotropism. 

(b) (i) During the daytime the petals of moon flower close when there is bright light. 

(ii) At night, when it is dark the petals of moon flower opens up. This phenomenon is known as photonasty.

Look at the amazing quality of this lamp, won’t you?

1. The compere thanks the Principal, Dr. Ajinkya Parakhi.

2. The compere thanks the Chief Guest- for releasing the book and formally inaugurating the art festival.

1. d. All of the above

2. d. All of the above

3. c. Both A and B

4. d. All of the above

5. a. YES

The compere highlights that the lamp not only dispels darkness but also leaves way for a thousand other lamps to be lit with its flames.

From the compere’s speech, we learn that Shri Charudatta Diwan is a renowned artist, a painter of international repute, proud recipient of many prestigious awards and President of Kala Ranjan Academy.

The presence of coliform in water indicates contamination by disease causing micro-organisms.

The lamp is compared to knowledge because when you share knowledge, it never reduces. One can share knowledge with thousands of people and enlighten their minds.

one – Adjective of number (Definite Numeral Adjective)