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‘राष्ट्रीय कृषि तथा ग्रामीण विकास बैंक की स्थापना 12 जुलाई, 1982 ई० को की गयी थी।

नाबार्ड – राष्ट्रीय कृषि तथा ग्रामीण विकास बैंक-हिन्दी में तथा 

NABARD–National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development-अंग्रेजी में।

d. All the above

(b) Diamond and crystalline Si have three dimensional tetrahedral structure

भारतीय लघु उद्योग विकास बैंक (SIDBI) की स्थाना 1990 ई० में हुई।

(i) The compounds of boron which are used for making bullet-proof vests are : boron nitride (BN) and boron carbide (B₄C). These are prepared from boron oxide as follows : 

B₂O₃ + 2NH₃ → 2BN + 3 H₂O (T = 1173 K) 

2B₂O₃ + 7C → B₄C + 6CO (T = 1873 K) 

(ii) Boron has high ability to absorb neutrons and hence boron carbide or boron nitride based bullet-proof vests can also act as protective shield against radioactive radiations.

(i) The element not known when Mendeleev gave his periodic table is gallium (Ga). 

(ii) Some of its remarkable properties are : 

(a) It has the greatest liquid range of all known elements. It can melt (303 K ) in your hand but it does not boil until the temperature reaches 2676 K. 

(b) Like water, gallium is one of the few known materials which expands upon freezing. 

(iii) The greatest use of gallium is in the preparation of semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs). Integrated circuits made up of GaAs have achieved operating speeds up to five times that of the fastest silicon chips currently available, & they will operate over a wider temperature range than silicon circuits. However, these advantages come at a price because As it is a volatile and toxic element and hence GaAs is difficult to make. 

They were more amazed when they came to know that it was built in India because in the nineteenth century India was well known for greatness in the fields of the fine arts, literature and philosophy. In the field of science, it was a wonderful thing.

Bose was born in 1858 of a village in Bengal. He made a name for himself and his country being appointed as Professor of Physics in Presidency College at Calcutta.

In those days, an Indian of British rule usually received two third of salary paid to a European Professor. So a three year struggle began between Bose and the government. Bose was victorious.

Bose found that his wireless-receiver showed sings of tiredness, after it had been in use for some time. Then he noted that after being rested it got back its power in some strange way. This was the discovery that Bose made.

Bose refused to touch any part of his salary for three years because he denied racial discrimination as an Indian received two third of salary paid to a European professor. Secondly he was a man of self respect. He felt insulted in getting less pay.

(i) False
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True

Bose refused to touch any part of his salary for three years because he denied racial discrimination as an Indian received two third of salary paid to a European professor. Secondly he was a man of self respect. He felt insulted in getting less pay.

People laughed at Bose as they did not believe when Bose said that plants and metals had a life of their own and could become ‘tired’ ‘depressed’ or happy’.

While working on his wireless-receiver Bose thought why the receiver showed signs of tiredness. Another thought that come to his mind was how the wireless-receiver got back its power after being rested for some time. This kind of thought was responsible for Bose’s discovery.

All the positive integers when divided by 3 leaves remainder 2

By Euclid’s division lemma

a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r ≤ b

a = 3q + r where 0 < q < 3

a leaves remainder 2 when divided by 3

∴ The positive integers are 2, 5, 8, 11,…

2⁸¹ ≡ x(mod 17) 

2⁴⁰ x 2⁴⁰ x 2¹ ≡ x(mod 17)

(2⁴)¹⁰ x (2⁴)¹⁰ x 2¹ ≡ x(mod 17) 

(16)¹⁰ x (16)¹⁰ x 2¹ ≡ x(mod 17) 

(16²)⁵ x (16²)⁵ x 2¹ ≡ x(mod 17) 

= 1 x 1 x 2 (mod 17) 

[(16)² = 256 = 1 (mod 17)] 

= 2 (mod 17) 

2⁸¹ = 2(mod 17) 

∴ x = 2 

The remainder is 2

(i) 216, 648, 1944 (This sequence is multiple of 3) 

Next three terms are 216, 648, 1944 

(ii) Next three terms are -7, -11, -15 

(adding -4 with each term) 

(iii) Next three terms are 4/25, 5/36 and 6/49

[using n/(n + 1)²]

(4) 11

F_n = F_{n - 1} + F_{n - 2} 

F₃ = F₂ + F₂ = 3 + 1 = 4 

F₄ = F₃ + F₂ = 4 + 3 = 7 

F₅ = F₄ + F₃ = 7 + 4 = 11

In a single processor multitasking computer, job(s) wait to be processed form a queue. Same happens when we share a printer with many computers.

• Compiling an HLL code.
• Using the download manager, for multiple files also uses a queue for ordering the files.
• In multiuser OS – job scheduling is done through a queue.

Final Result = 1

Example of postfix expression:

ABC*D/+

Example of prefix expression:

+/*BCDA

1. Expression evaluation

2. Backtracking (game playing, finding paths, exhaustive searching).

3. Memory management, run-time environment for nested language features

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Check all symbols from left to right and repeat steps 3 & 4 for each symbol of expression ‘E’ until all symbols are over.

(i)  If the symbol is an operand, push it onto a stack.

(ii) If the symbol is an operator then:

(iii) Pop the top two operands from the stack and apply an operator in between them.

(iv) Evaluate the expression and place the result back on the stack.

Step 3: Set result equal to a top element on the stack.

Step 4: Stop

(A+B)*C into postfix form is:

AB+C*

Example of infix expression:

A + B *C / D

1. Create an empty stack and an empty postfix output string/stream. 

2. Scan the infix input string/stream left to right. 

3. If the current input token is an operand, simply append it to the output string (note the examples above that the operands remain in the same order). 

4. If the current input token is an operator, pop off all operators that have equal or higher precedence and append them to the output string; push the operator onto the stack. The order of popping is the order in the output. 

5. If the current input token is pushed it onto the stack. 

6. If the current input token is ‘)’, pop off all operators and append them to the output string until a ‘(‘ is popped; discard the ‘)‘. 

7. If the end of the input string is found, pop all operators and append them to the output string.

When fertilizers are added to the moist soil around it, it will form hypertonic solution, resulting the protoplasm to shrink and plasma membrane withdraw itself from the cell wall. Hence, the root hairs also become limp or flaccid.

Transpiration pull: As the water is lost from t he leaf surface by transpiration, more water molecules are pulled up due to the tendency of water molecules to remain joined (cohesion), and thus- to produce a continuous column of water through the stem. This phenomenon is known as transpiration pull.

Root pressure

The movement of a liquid through a selectively permeable membrane is Osmosis.

(c) Molecules or ions from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated solution.

Root hairs are the extension of Epidermal cells.

(a) Concentration of solutes in the cell sap is high

Osmotic pressure is responsible for the movement of water molecules across the cortical cells of the root.

(c) Exosmosis, plasmolysis, temporary and permanent wilting

The concentration of water molecules being less outside, endosmosis takes place resulting in the wilting of the plants.

Osmosis: Osmosis is a special type of diffusion which involves the movement of solvent molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of solute molecules or ions from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration without the influence of a semi permeable membrane.

Water is absorbed from the soil by Root hairs.

When you are angry your memory lets you down. There are lots of different things on your mind and are unable to grasp a clear thought. You are often undecided under such circumstances.

(i) 1-Nucleus. 2-Cell wall. 3-Cytoplasm of the root hair cell.

(ii) 1. Water: Carries minerals to the plant.

2. Minerals : They are needed for healthy p lant growth.

(iii) Osmosis.

(iv) In the Fig . A, the root hair has to pass through the soil particles and as such they are not straight. In Fig. B, the root hair has no obstruction in water, and as such it grows straight.

(i) 1. Vacuole (containing cell sap)

2. Soil particles

3. Xylem vessel

4. Cortex cells

5. Vacuole in cortical cells

(ii) Root hair cell is unicell ular

(iii) See diagram alongside.

(iv) Osmosis

(v) Osmotic pressure

(vi) This pressure is set up due to difference in osmotic gradient.

When life becomes hectic and nothing seems easy, we develop pessimistic ideas. They dominate our mind. We can overcome this situation by Anticipating success. This is a result of optimistic thinking. To remedy the situation, close your eyes and medidate. This helps to clear the current crisis. You experience a great relief.

Our mind is the rational, logical part of us that helps us to make unemotional choices, to store and retrieve information and to order and calculate. It is the counterpart to the emotions.

(1)When tasks and pressures start building up, the mind starts over-thinking.

(2) According to the writer, to stop over- ! thinking all of a sudden like flicking a s switch to turn off an electrical apparatus is not easy.