Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

• If the IDL had passed through a land or some islands, the people there would have had to follow different dates and timings because dates would have been different on their Eastern and Western parts.
• Also, it would have been difficult to know when one crosses the IDL on land and when the date changes on the calendar. 
• Hence, the IDL does not pass through land

• Mixed economy is a combination of Capitalism and Socialism. 
• India is said to be a Mixed economy because there is a co-existence of both public and the private sectors. 
• The private sector undertakes production for the profit motive, whereas the state tries to achieve social welfare. 
• India, therefore, tries to achieve a balance between maximum social welfare for its citizens on one hand and profit on the other. Therefore, India’s economy is of Mixed type.

• Household finance is related to income and expenditure. 
• Every household has unlimited expenditure and the income earned is limited. 
• The household has to make a choice regarding how it has to spend its limited resources. 
• Management of this limited income to meet the unlimited expenses is Economics. 
• As we manage the finance of our family, similarly the villages/cities, states, countries and the whole world needs to have economic management. So we say Economy begins at home.

• The ownership and control of means of production is in the hands of the private individuals in the Capitalist Economy. 
• There is no control of the government over economic activities in their ‘Free Market Economy’. 
• The objective of economic activities is to earn maximum profit.
• The capitalist economy exists in Germany, Japan and the USA.

Every country has a different economy. But the main functions of an economy are similar. Some of the main functions of an economy are:

• Deciding the product and quantity of its production. 
• Deciding for whom will the goods be produced. 
• Minimising the production costs as much as possible. 
• Distributing national income1 according to social and economic justice2. 
• Making appropriate provisions3 for the economic needs of the future.

• There is no private ownership of the means of production as these belong to the society as a whole. 
• There is total control of the State over the economy. 
• The objective of the economic activities is the fulfilment of social needs (social welfare). 
• Socialist economy exists in Russia and China.

The factors affecting an economy are:

• Geographical area and natural resources. 
• Population 
• Occupations 
• Political Sovereignty

Correct option is (d) 180°

In terms of time the eastern part of the earth is ahead of the western part.

(1) Mumbai – London – New York – Los Angeles – Tokyo – IDL will be crossed. 

(2) Delhi – Kolkata – Singapore – Melbourne – IDL will not be crossed 

(3) Kolkata – Hong Kong – Tokyo – San Fransico – IDL will be crossed. 

(4) Chennai – Singapore – Tokyo – Sydney – Santiago – IDL will be crossed 

(5) Delhi – London – New York – IDL will not be crossed.

Correct option is (d) west to east

Answer:

D) West To East

IST is 5hrs and 30 min ahead of GMT.

The following points were taken into consideration while drawing the International Date Line. (IDL):

1. The direction of travel 

2. The current day and date

• Accordingly, while traveling from East to West of IDL, a day is added. For example, while travelling from America to Japan, if it is Thursday 25th December, then it will be Friday 26th December in Japan. 
• While from West to East of IDL, the day remains the same. For example, while travelling from Japan to America, if it is Thursday 25th December, then Thursday 25th December, only should be considered.

IDL is proving to be very useful in today’s times because:

• The IDL brings coordination between international airlines, transportation services, economic and trade activities. 
• The IDL has been carved out of the necessity of coordinating time and date. 
• It is also important in today’s modern era and rapidly happening global developments. 
• We can keep a track of all the calculations of a day and time accurately with the help of IDL in case of global transportation especially, with respect to airways. 
• It is only because of the IDL that the schedules of the traffic worldwide are organised properly.

Correct option is (c) Transportation schedules

1. Ferrous alloys : In ferrous alloys, atoms of other elemems are distributed randomly in atoms of iron in the mixture. As the percentage of iron is more in these alloys, they are termed as ferrous alloys. For expamle : nickel steel, chromium steel, stainless steel, (All steels have abot 2% carbon)

2. Onferrous alloys : These are formed by mixing atoms of transition metal other than iron with a non transition elemeni. For example, brass is an alloy of Cu and Zn. Bronze is an alloy of Cu and Sn.

Correct answer is (c) cerebrum

Correct answer is (b) 6

Correct answer is (a) Oligodendrocytes

Correct Answer is: (A) Ape 

Dryopithecus are generally more similar to living African apes. Dryopithecus is similar to that found in ape. And also Dryopithecus is a genus of extinct apes. 

Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis was born in a lower middle class family on October 10, 1910 in Sholapur, Maharashtra. Coming from a family of doctors, Dr. Kotnis aspired to become a doctor. 

After completing his graduation in medicine, he went on to pursue his post-graduation internship. He started his medical expedition in Vietnam, and then, moved on to Singapore and Brunei. The communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru in 1937 to send Indian physicians to China to help the war victims. Dr. Kotnis was one of the five doctors who were sent to China as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team. Though the other doctors returned to India after the war, Dr. Kotnis decided to stay back and serve at the military base. He started his work in Yan’an and then worked in the surgical department of the Eighth Route Army General Hospital as the physician-incharge. He fell in love with a Chinese nurse, Guo Qinglan and married her in November, 1941. They had a son on August 23, 1942 and he was named Yin Hua. He worked as a lecturer for sometime at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School. Later he took over the post of the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital. He did operations for 72 hours nonstop without any sleep during the long drawn out battle against Japan. He played a major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. He died of epilepsy on December 9, 1942 at the age 32, and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village. 

The Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. His grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming festival. Both China and India honoured him with stamps in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Later, Kotnis, family visited Kotnis’ grave and Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital. 

After Dr. Kotnis’ death, their son Yin Hua also passed away when he was just 25. Despite the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis maintained her links with the Kotnis family. Mrs. Kotnis had been an honoured guest at many high-level diplomatic functions between China and India. She was a regular invitee at the Indian Embassy functions in China. Dr. Kotnis become famous in his hometown with the publication of “One Who Never Returned” written by Khwaja Abbas Ahmed and the screening of the movie “Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani,” directed by V. Shantaram. No other Indians can claim the kind of adulation and respect Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis enjoys in China. Dr. Kotnis’ contribution towards humanity will be remembered for ever.

In order to cherish the memory of Dr. Kotnis, the Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. Along with the Candian Dr. Norman Bethune, he continues to be revered by the Chinese people. In April 2005, both their graves were covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival. A small museum there has a hand book which contains words that Kotnis wrote in his “Passage from India to China,” some of the instruments that the surgeon used at their time and many photogrpahs of doctors. China has honoured him with stamp in 1982.

1. Name Dwarakanath Kotnis 

2. Year of birth 1910 (October 10,1910) 

3. Place of birth Sholapur, Maharashtra 

4. Occupation Doctor 

5. Nationality Indian 

6. Wife’s name Guo Qinglan 

7. Places of work and the positions held: 

(a) Yan’an → doctor 

(b) Eighth Route Army General Hospital, North China → physician-in-charge

(c) Dr. Bethune Hygiene School → lecturer 

(d) The Bethune International Peace Hospital → president 

8. Honours given by China and India: 

(a) The Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. 

(b) In April 2005, his grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming Festival. 

(c) A small museum there has a hand book which contains words that Kotnis wrote in his “Passage from India to China”. 

(d) Both China and India honoured him with stamps in 1982 and 1993 respectively.

9. Date of death: 9th December, 1942.

Smog = Smoke + fog.

Combination of smoke and fog produces smog. Smog causes breathing difficulties such as asthma, cough. Bronchitis, pneumonia and emphysema are some of the lung problems caused by smog.

Disease caused by bacterial infections of water are:

• Cholera - waterborne illness that affects the intestine
• Dysentery - bacterial disease caused by the microorganism called Shigella.
• Typhoid fever - bacteria that brings this type of disease is the Salmonella typhi.
• Legionellosis - liogenilla bacteria attacks the respiratory system.
• Hepatitis A and E - cause jaundice, vomiting or even liver failure.
•  Giardia - Giardia lamblia parasite causes intestinal problems.

Green revolution means more green fields and agriculture which resulted from the introduction of high-yield varieties of seeds, use of pesticides, fertilizers and improved techniques and white revolution mean increase in production of milk and dairy products in developing countries.

The need is develop an agricultural system like green and white revolutions that aims to meet the needs of present generation without endangering the resources of future generation and without causing degradation in the present environment and without disturbing the natural balance.

White Revolution 

White revolution is a programme in India to increase production of milk in India. This programme made India self-sufficient in production of milk.

Green revolution is a programme introduced in many countries to increase food production by use of modern technology, proper irrigation, improved seeds etc.

In 1937, the communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru to send Indian physicians to China during the Second Sino-Japanese War to help the soldiers. The President of the Indian National Congress, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose accepted the request and made arrangements to send a team of volunteer doctors. A medical team of five doctors M. Atal, M.Cholkar, D. Kotnis, B.K. Basu and D. Mukeiji was sent as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team in September 1938. Thus Dr. Kotnis was sent to China to help the Chinese soldiers.

After the Second Sino-Japanese War, all other doctors except Dr. Kotnis, returned to India. However, Dr. Kotnis decided to serve at the military base. So he opted to stay back in China.

The different types of land utilization in Karnataka are : 

1. Net Sown area 

2. Forest Area 

3. Land not available for cultivation 

4. other uncultivated lands 

5. Follow land.

They are atoms of the same element with same atomic number. But different mass numbers.

Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes. 

The main functions of antibodies include: 

i. Agglutination of particulate foreign matter or pathogen (bacteria and viruses). 

ii. They react with antigens and form Antigen–Antibody complex making it inactive or harmless. 

iii. Opsonisation or coating bacteria to facilitate their subsequent phagocytosis by other cells.

• Urbanisation is a process of migration of rural population to urban areas. 
• In this process, people also adopt the urban lifestyle, which means “urbanism as a way of life”. 
• It results in the decline of the joint family and the emergence of the nuclear family secondary type relations, calculative, independent, rational, less impact of traditions, family, religion, customs etc. 
• Urbanisation led to a heterogeneous gathering of people has led to the breakdown of several traditional barriers, where one’s contribution becomes more valued.
• Overpopulated, mega metro cities. 
• Example: Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur.

• Digitalisation is the use of digital technologies for handling data of various nature for various purposes. 
• It involves the process of digital transformation, which improves the performance of the business. 
• It leads to frequent changes in business models due to growth in newer technologies. 
• Digitalisation is based on technology, innovation, research, and development.
• Digitisation has escalated the speed of the processes with a far greater extent of accuracy. 
• Digitisation is based on technology, innovation, research, and development that has encouraged human minds to invent, innovate, patent, and create. 
• Example: Artificial intelligence, e-governance, e-commerce, elearning, e-trade, e-shopping, integration of technology for the purpose of education in the 21st century, etc.

• Digitalisation is the use of digital technologies for handling data of various nature for various purposes. It has a negative impact on small-scale industries because large industries have greatly adapted to the changing scenario but small ones are finding it difficult to accept and get used to digitalisation. 
• Impact on marketing and consumer behaviour. Questions relating to individual privacy in the web world arises. 
• Excess and uncontrolled use of digital media results in addiction, cyberbullying, anxiety, depression, etc. 
• It affects not only social and physical but also mental health is hampered due to excessive and uncontrolled use of digitalisation.

• Digitalisation is the use of digital technologies for handling data of various nature for various purposes. It has a negative impact on small-scale industries because large industries have greatly adapted to the changing scenario but small ones are finding it difficult to accept and get used to digitalisation. 
• Impact on marketing and consumer behaviour. Questions relating to individual privacy in the web world arises. 
• Excess and uncontrolled use of digital media results in addiction, cyberbullying, anxiety, depression, etc. 
• It affects not only social and physical but also mental health is hampered due to excessive and uncontrolled use of digitalisation.

The LPG Policy was started by Dr. Manmohan Singh.

The plants found in a particular area are known as endemic

Species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area are called Endemic species.

Animals whose numbers are reducing to a level they might face extinction are Endangered species.

1. Voracious 

2. insatiable 

3.  devolve

4. indefatigable 

5. perception 

6. untrammeled

7. entrenched

8. hegemony

9. vantage point 

10. volatile 

11. wholesome

12. complacent

Yes the given statement is very true that ‘Deforestation can lead to desertification’ because deforestation affects the properties of soil. When there is no vegetation left due to deforestation soil erosion occurs at a very high rate. Due to this the lower, hard and rocky surface is exposed which contains no humus and is less fertile. With time due to deforestation this fertile lands get converted into deserts and this process is called desertification. So, ultimately deforestation gives rise to desertification.

Extinction of animals is due to two major factors:

• If some disturbances occur in their natural habitat due to which their survival is affected.
• Killing of the animals by human for several reasons.

We had observed that Dinosaurs get extinct many years ago due to the changes in their natural habitat. Due to the changes in their habitat they were not able to survive.

But if we have a look on the entire wildlife we will found that smaller animals have more threat of extinction as compared to bigger animals. These small animals include snakes, lizards, frogs, insects, owls and many more. They are more threatened as compared to large animals because they are more extensively killed by the humans without giving a second thought. We never thought of their role, results of their extinction and kill them.

Whereas killing of large animals is not as frequent as small animals so they are a bit safe.

C. their skin is expensive 

The snake expensive skin is sold in market for expensive drugs and ointment.

d.  insatiable