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Time is plotted on x – axis, y – axis represents distance.

The values taken as pairs such as (x₁, y₁), (x₂, y₂), are called data points.

Correct answer is 1 mm.

Range: The highest value the lowest value.

Independent variables are controlled by us. Whereas dependent variables are changed due to the change in dependent variable.

Axes should be named with the quantity taken on it along with their units.

The thick horizontal line on the graph paper is called X-axis.

Correct answer is 1 cm.
 

Grids: Grids of one square centimeter form by the intersection of thick lines and one square millimeter grid form with the intersection of thin lines in graph paper.

The thick vertical line on the graph paper is called Y-axis.

The range is the difference between the highest value and lowest value of the data. 

Range = highest value – lowest value.

We can convert kilometers into meters by multiplying meters with conversion factor 1000.

The Independent variable should be taken on the x-axis, whereas the dependent variable is on the y – axis.

Dependent variable: The variable which is changed due to the change in the independent variable is called the dependent variable.

Correct answer is \(\frac{5}{18}.\)

 A) \(\cfrac{5}{18}\)

Correct answer is 10^-3 .

Independent: The variable which is controlled or decided by us to plot a graph variable is called the independent variable.

Correct option is B) 10^-3 

Meter: Meter is the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in \(\frac{1}{299792458}\) seconds

C) 10^-3 m = 1 kilometer 

Correct option is D) a, b & c

C) 10^-12 meters 

u²/g = u² sin 20/g x 2/√3

or, sin 20 = √3/2

or 20 = 60°

or, θ = 30°.

It is 0° is the angle of projection for a projectile thrown parallel to horizontal.

Lemon juice is acidic in nature it has citric acid hence when kept in iron containers it reacts with iron and causes poison and releases hydrogen.

Iron is galvanised by coating it with Sodium.

(i) Metal is copper. The process is corrosion. 

(ii)Basic copper carbonate [CuCO₃.Cu(OH)₂]. 

(iii) 

• It should be coated with tin 

• It should be mixed with other metals to form alloys

The speaker depicts his lady love as an old woman sitting beside the fire, nodding her head.

When she is old and grey, the speaker wants his beloved to dream of the soft look her eyes once had and the deep shadows they now have.

It suggests that her youth and beauty will fade away. When she grows old her face will get shrunk and will look different.

(i) (a) Shaving mirror- Concave mirror 

(b) Rear view mirror - Convex mirror 

(c) Reflector in search, lights-Concave mirror 

(ii)(a) ReaI image can be obtained on green but the virtual image cannot be obtained, y,

(b) Reflected / Refracted rays actually meet where the real image is formed while for virtual they only appear to meet.

(c) Real image is always inverted while virtual image is always erect

(i) A convex mirror always forms an erect, virtual and diminished image of an object placed anywhere in front of it. Thus, convex mirrors enable the driver to view, much larger traffic behind him that would not be possible with a plane mirror. 

(ii) A concave mirror.is used as a shaving or make-up mirror because it forms an erect an enlarged image of the face when it is held closer to the face.

The molecules of air and other fine particles in the atmosphere have a size smaller than the wavelength of visible light. These are more effective in scattering light of shorter wavelengths at the blue end than the light of longer wavelengths at the led end. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, the fine particles in the air scatter the blue color more strongly than red. The scattered blue light enters our eyes. Since we see the blue light from everywhere overhead, the sky appears blue.

The refractive index of the material of a prism is different for different colours of light as different colours have different speed in the material of a prism. Also, prism has non-parallel surfaces.

Definition of Dispersion: Splitting of white Light into seven constituent colours by a prism. 

Cause of dispersion: When white light passes through a glass prism, different constituent colours bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray and hence are separated.

The refractive index of the material of a prism is different for different colours of light as different colours have different speeds in the material of a prism. Also, prism has non-parallel surfaces.

The scattering of light by particles in its path is called Tyndall effect. When a beam of light enters a smoke-filled dark room through a small hole, then its path becomes visible to us. The tiny dust particles present in the air of room scatter the beam of light all around the room. Thus, a scattering of light makes the particles visible. Tyndall effect can also be observed when sunlight passes through a canopy) of a cleanse forest. Here, tiny water droplets in the mist scatter light.

Correct option   (D) Statement 1 is false but statement 2 is true.

Explanation:

The range of vision for a normal eye is from 25 cm to infinity. The eye is able to see clearly all objects in front of himself by adjusting its focal length suitably

All colors of light travel at the szrme speed in a vacuum. When these enter a transparent substance like a prism, all slow down by different amounts depending on their wavelength. As these slow down by different amounts, different colours are refracted through different angles.

(B) May see a primary and a secondary rainbow as concentric circles. 

As Planets can be considered as a collection of a large number of point-size sources of light, Planets do not twinkle because they appear larger in size than the stars as they are relatively closer to earth. The different parts of these planets produce either brighter or dimmer effect in such a way that the average of brighter and dimmer effect is zero. Hence, the planets do not twinkle.

The splitting of white Iight into its component colors is called dispersion of light. The band of the colored components formed due to the dispersion of white light is called 'spectrum'. Seven colors of the spectrum are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red also known as 'VIBGYOR'.

C) greater than 2.27 cm

False

Light of all colors travel with same speed in vacuum. But, in any transparent medium, such as glass or water the lights of different color travel with different speeds because the relative refractive index is different for the different colors of light. The red light travels the fastest and the violet light slowest of all the seven colors.

B) less than 2.5 cm

Rainbow can never be formed in moon. Moon doesn’t have any atmosphere to hold tiny water droplets after rain (there is no scope of rain also in moon) which can cause rainbow.

So, we can't see a rainbow on the moon.

The two most common defects of vision are myopia and hypermetropia. Myopia can be corrected by using a concave lens and hypermetropia can be corrected by using a convex lens.