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The meristematic regions that arises from root apical meristems are: 

(i) Protoderm, (ii) Procambium, (iii) Ground meristerm.

It is clear from the above transverse section of the plant that the plant has a monocot stem because vascular bundles are scattered In monocot stems and phloem parenchyma is absent.

It is a monocot stem. It is characterised by conjoint, collateral, and closed vascular bundles, scattered in the ground tissue containing the parenchyma. Each vascular bundles is surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle-sheath cells.

Other four features are: 

(i) Vascular bundles are scattered in the ground tissue. 

(ii) Y-shaped xylem endarch condition. 

(iii) Cambium is absent. 

(iv) Phloem parenchyma and medullary rays are absent in monocot stems.

Pericycle of mature zone.

In this growth occurs only up to a particular age. Certain plant organs like leaves grow to a certain size, then they become old and die. 

B) Fresh water ecosystem

C) 2000 – 6000m

C) To reduce water loss

Correct option is C) Estuary

The answer is (b) Relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

B) clown fish, sea anemone

C) Stores fat for later use

stores fat for later use 

Correct option is A) hump

Inspiration:

1. The entry of air into the lungs is called as inspiration or inhalation. 

2. It involves: 

• Contraction of the diaphragm muscles. As a result, it moves downwards i.e. the diaphragm becomes flat. 
• Contraction of external intercostal muscles & relaxation of internal intercostal muscles. As a result, the ribs move outward & forward i.e. anteroventral movement of the ribs. 
• The above changes in the factors cause an increase in the thoracic volume but the thoracic pressure is reduced. Hence, due to less pressure air enters into the lungs.

It is used to save the life of any person subjected to an accident such as gaseous toxicity, electric shock, CO, toxicity etc. The best method is mouth to mouth breathing.

The amount of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration. It is 2300 ml.

It includes tidal volume and Inspiratory reserve volume. It is 3500 ml.

The amount of air left in the lungs after forced expiration. It is 1100 – 1200 ml.

The amount of air inspired over and above the normal inspiration. It is from 2500 to 3000 ml.

The amount of air expired over and above the normal expiration. It is from 1000 to 1100 ml.

External and Internal intercostal muscles.

Asthma and Emphysema.

It is situated between the thoracic and abdominal

Artificial Respiration: 

1. During accidental conditions of any person such as gaseous toxicity or CO effect, electric shock etc, if breathing stops and heartbeats continue then human life can be saved by giving artificial respiration. 

2. Normally, the artificial respiration activates the respiratory centres, hence normal breathing can be restored. 

3. Many methods of artificial respiration are known but “Mouth to Mouth technique” is most effective.

 4. Following are the main steps for artificial respiration: 

• Keep the patient on a hard bed in a straight position. Keep one hand on the head of the patient and another hand below the head, so respiratory passage gets open. 
• Close the nose of the patient with the hand which is on the head of the patient and put a mouth on the patient’s mouth in such a way that airtight position forms. The hand below the head is to be remained as such so that neck remains stretched. 
• Push air into the mouth of the patient forcefully about 12 times of tidal volume (500 ml). 
• Open the nose and mouth of the patient and allow expiration.

The answer is (c) 16 – 20 per minute

The answer is  (b) Chemical energy

The answer is (b) Alveoli

The answer is (c) 0.5 litre

The answer is (d) Silicosis

The answer is (a) Contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

The answer is (d) Flattened

Plasmotomy is the division of multinucleated parent into many multinucleate daughter individuals with the division of nuclei. Nuclear division occurs later to maintain normal number of nuclei. Plasmotomy occurs in Opalina and Pelomyxa (Giant Amoeba).

Entrepreneurship Development Programmes play a vital role in execution of government policies and plans. It is through entrepreneurship development programmes, that government policies and plans related to these problems are successfully executed, like creating job opportunities, self employment, eliminating poverty, concentration of economic power and improving standard of living.

Entrepreneurship development programmes provide the entrepreneur education and for establishing new enterprises, expansion of existing, enterprises, development of new products, new designs, services and markets, thus creating self employment as well as employment opportunities for others also.

Entrepreneurship Development Programmes help in providing various incentives, subsidies, infrastructural facilities and assistance to develop small-scale and cottage industries. Entrepreneurs are imparted knowledge and skills, assistance in government schemes, to run their enterprises efficiently and profitably

Entrepreneurship development programmes help in increasing the opportunities, promoting balanced industrial development and making the youth as future entrepreneurs in the country, and thus play an important role in economic and industrial development of the country.

(d)  All of these

1. Simple irregular binary fission 

2. Transverse binary fission 

3. Longitudinal binary fission 

4. Oblique binary fission

Dinoflagellates

Transverse binary fission:

1. Plane of division runs along the transverse axis of the organism 

2. Example: Paramecium

Longitudinal binary fission:

1. Plane of division runs along the longitudinal axis of the organism. 

2. Example: Euglena

In simple words, entrepreneurship development programmes refer to developing entrepreneurial abilities among people. It refers to inculcation, development and polishing of those entrepreneurial skills into a person which are needed to establish and successfully run his enterprise. It deals with careful identification of potential entrepreneur need-based entrepreneurial training and pre and post project implementation and follow up and support. Meaning of entrepreneurship development programme is implementing those efforts by which following goals, can be achieved:

1. An educational process and endeavour in human resources development. 

2. To help in establishment of new ventures and formulation of projects.

3. Entrepreneurship development programme enhances the motivation, knowledge, operational skills of potential entrepreneurs and assists them to develop their own ventures and run them successfully. 

4. Train them to use entrepreneurial skills in daily life activities.

Following are the main objectives of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes : 

(i) To promote first generation entrepreneurs and industrialists :

Entrepreneurship development programmes are based on the belief that entrepreneurs are not born, they are created. It is primarly meant for developing entrepreneurs by giving them the required training, counselling, support and motivation.

(ii) To develop entrepreneurial qualities : 

Entrepreneurship development programmes identifies protential entrepreneurs and through continuous training, motivation, counselling develop necessary qualities in them and make them competent to face the uncertainties, and take profitable risk for successful running of their enterprises. 

(iii) To provide knowledge about government planning and programmes : 

Another objective of entrepreneurship development programmes is to inform the entrepreneurs about the various schemes, incentives, plans and programmes started by government and to create awareness about such programmes. Entrepreneurship development programmes also help the entrepreneurs to identify those department and institutions from where they can get various types of information.

(iv) Helps in formulation of new projects :

Entrepreneurship development programmes provide the required assistance to entrepreneurs for starting new ventures and projects. They help the potential entrepreneurs to develop their projects, ideas, into bankable projects. They also provide the necessary knowledge about project formulation and project implementation, market analysis, working capital requirements to the entrepreneurs for running their business.

(v) To provide knowledge about advantages and disadvantages : 

Entrepreneurship development programmes make the people aware of pros and cons of being an entrepreneur, advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship, the possible challenges and problems which might come in the way of establishment and operation of any enterprise. 

(vi) To provide training to operate business and marketing :

One objective of Entrepreneurship development programmes is to impart various training programmes to first generation potential entrepreneurs, existing industrial workers and managers, to promote micro and small scale enterprises in the country.

vii) To develop small scale and cottage industries : 

Entrepreneurship development programmes encourage the establishment and development of micro, small scale, and cottage industries by utilising the locally available resources. Technical skills, knowledge, financial assistance and several other incentives are given to promote the development of small and cottage industries in the country.

Industrial environment means establishment of new enterprises, and growth and development of existing enterprises.

Entrepreneurship development programmes are an important medium of social change and entrepreneural culture. A self-reliant society is created through entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs, with their vision and creativity, can bring many social changes and can break away from traditional thinking. Creation of employment opportunities, capital formation and supply of products at reasonable price helps in increasing the standard of living of society.

Entrepreneurship development programmes makes the people aware of pros and cons of being an entrepreneur, advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship, the possible challenges and problems which might come in the way of establishment and operation of any enterprise.

Society is a group of different people in which beliefs and customs of people are different. Entrepreneurship helps in making the society a self-reliant society. Entrepreneurship helps in breaking the traditional and backward thinking and making the society industry oriented. According to Donald B. Trow, “Entrepreneurship is an important medium of social change and enterpreneural culture.” In brief, entrepreneurship helps in making a society advanced.

Fission is the division of the parent body into two or more identical daughter individuals.

Development of an egg into a complete individual without fertilization is known as parthenogenesis. It was first discovered by Charles Bonnet in 1745. 

E.g. Honey bees, Aphis.

Incomplete parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction in which both sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis occurs. 

Example: In honey bees, the fertilized eggs develop into queen bee and worker bees, whereas the unfertilized eggs develop into drones (male).

Those industries which are operated with low capital, simple tools, personal resources and domestic techniques of production, and which employ family members are called cottage industries.

Entrepreneurship Development Programmes train the entrepreneur with best methods and techniques for utilising the local resources in an optimum way. Utilising natural, financial and human resources in the best possible way helps in economic development.