Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is: (b) History

(a) Willoughby

Democracy is accepted as the best system of government.

Democracy is such a form of administration, wherein the power of governance is with the people and its ‘use’ is done by the people in direct or indirect form.

Merits of Aristocracy :

The foremost quality of aristocracy is that there is emphasis on quality in place of quantity. In this type of administration, it is accepted that all the persons are not equally proficient to carry the burden of political responsibilities, and hence, only a few are having the capability to run the administration.

Aristocracy is mainly a conservative system of administration. It is something between monarchy and democracy and it has the elements of permanence and control in abundance. In aristocracy, laws are all-pervading. State and government is operated on the basis of intellect, quality and culture. In this type of system of governance, hereditary and experience – related assessment are included. Aristotle has proposed the right to run the administration to such a king who is mature and experienced.

Demerits of Aristocracy: 

The biggest defect of aristocracy is that it is not necessary that every individual born in an aristocratic family will have the proficiency to run the government. And if we leave aside the birth – related indispensability as the only qualification left to decide the best persons to establish the administration, then a question arises as to who will choose the best.

Human society is not conversant with the art of choosing the best. Hence, at last, it becomes the government of the wealthy or powerful from the aristocratic class or family. In general terms, it becomes the administration of a particular class which is against democratic ideology.

On many occasions, there erupt revolutions in aristocracy. Gradually, the aristocratic class, while being in government, becomes greedy and selfish. General public starts hating the government. General public is dealt with discrimination. In this way, aristocracy faces revolution. It can be said in conclusion, that aristocracy is quite opposite to democratic ideology. Therefore, the administration of this type has more demerits and less merits.

(b) Administration of rich persons

(i) Switch off lights when not required, and use CFL bulbs. 

(ii) Not to use petrol fuel vehicles instead opt for CNG. 

(iii) Use cycle or walk to go short distances.

The resources obtained from the earth and which are naturally occuring are called natural resources.

Two ways are as follows: 

• Search for alternate options for limited resources. 
• Never use limited resources mindlessly, they should be used on the basis of relative priority.

Khadin: It is a temporary pond made of soil which is made below a slope. Two sides are surrounded by clay walls and third side is surrounded by stone wall. Rainwater fills khadin with water. When khadin becomes dry, it is used for farming. 

Pond: Pond’is another important traditional method of rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan. Separate ponds were made for men and women. There used to be a well at the centre of pond, and it was called beri. This is still in use at some places and facilitates in recharging the groundwater.

Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.

(a) Increase ground water level

Following are the traditional methods of water harvesting in Rajasthan:

• Khadin: It is a temporary pond made of soil which is made below a slope. Two sides are surrounded by clay walls and third side is surrounded by stone wall. Rainwater fills khadin with water. When khadin becomes dry, it is used for farming.
• Pond: Pond is another important traditional method of rainwater harvesting in Rajasthan. Separate ponds were made for men and women. There used to be a well at the centre of pond, and it was called beri. This is still in use at some places and facilitates in recharging the groundwater.
• Lake: There are many natural and artificial lakes in Rajasthan. Lakes also help in rainwater harvesting. The water from lake helps in recharging many aquifers like wells, baoli, tanka, etc.
• Baoli: Baolis are synonymous with Rajasthan. Steps were made for climbing down into a baoli. Many beautiful motifs were also made on baolis.
• Toba: Toba is a traditional method of water harvesting in the Thar desert. It is in the shape of nadi but is deeper than a nadi.

Following are the reasons for reduction of wildlife:

• Reduction in Natural Habitat: Because of increase in human population and resultant development activities, natural habitat for wildlife has reduced significantly
• Illegal Poathing: Illegal poaching is still rampant in many areas. This has significantly reduced the number of many species.
• Pollution: Environmental pollution has damaged the environment. This has adversely affected the forest area, resulting in reduced population of some wildlife species.
• Mega Dams: Many mega dams have been built. It has destroyed the forests in catchment area which has wiped off many wildlife species.
• Mining: Mining has removed forest cover from many areas, especially in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, etc. It has adversely affected the wildlife population.

Wildlife is an integral part of the ecosystem around us. The whole ecosystem would be destroyed if wildlife is not conserved. Hence, wildlife conservation is very important for survival of all kinds of life on the earth. Taking suitable measures to protect wildlife is called conservation of wild life.

(a) afforestation

(b)To maintain ecosystem

The practice of transportation and dumping of waste, recycling of useful material from waste, etc. are integral part of waste management.

Sewage from households pollutes water bodies like rivers and ponds. It is harmful for aquatic animals and plants. It also pollutes groundwater.

Municipality civic body looks after waste management in towns.

Waste can keep on accumulating if not managed in time. This will make ugly site around us. Moreover, heaps of garbage can trigger many epidemics. Hence, there is a need for waste management.

Today the education of Yoga has been considered as a part of cultural heritage which has been accepted by the whole world. Consequently 21th June is celebrated as ‘World Yoga Day’.

It is a brownish-red clay that has been baked and is used for making things like pots, ornaments, etc.

1. We have to be careful while making use of written sources. The authenticity of the documents needs to be verified. 

2. We need to see the ideas suggested through them. 

3. Before making use of the document it is necessary to know the perspective of the writer, his ideologies and opinions about a particular event. 

4. If all the angles are not considered the writings become one-sided. Hence it is necessary to verify written sources.

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False

All the material we obtain from nature and use it is called natural resource.

National Parks are places where wildlife, natural resources and environment are given protection. Grazing of animals is completely banned in national parks.

(d) All of these

Canal, tube well, sprinkler, drip irrigation, etc.

(a) Chipko movement

History can be learnt through customs and traditions, folk arts, folk literature as well as historical documents. All these are known as ‘Sources of History’.

(b) Khejrapi village

Correct answer is (a) Alwar

Sita Mata, Pratapgarh.

Artefacts are useful as they provide us with valuable information about life in the ancient times.

A species which is on the verge of extinction is called endangered species.

(c) Anthracite

Chipko Movement was a decisive movement towards conservation of forest. The main purpose of this movement was to prevent contractor from felling trees. This movement first began in Khejrali village of Jodhpur district in Rajasthan. Khejrali was the village where Amrita Devi sacrificed her life along with 363 Bishnoi men, women and children.

It was 1730 AD when the king of Jodhpur felt the need for timber to construct his palace. King’s men reached Khejrali village and started chopping the Khejri trees. Hearing the commotion, Amrita Devi, along with her three daughters, came on the scene and requested the soldiers not to cut the trees. When the soldiers refused to listen to her demand, Amrita Devi and her daughters hugged the trees in order to save them. The cruel soldiers chopped them along with the trees. The news spread like a wild fire in the village and in surrounding areas. People made a beeline to hug the trees and ended up sacrificing their life. Thus, 363 people sacrificed their life. The Bishnois are dedicated to protection of forest and wildlife even today. On the line of Khejrali incidence, women of Uttarakhand started Chipko Movement in 1973. This movement lasted for 8 years and forced the government to take decisive step. In 1981, the government banned felling of trees which grow at more than 1000 m height. Sunderlal Bahuguna led the Chipko Movement.

Sunderlal Bahuguna.

Petrol, diesel, kerosene, petroleum jelly (vaseline), lubricant, etc.

Cellular Jail

Correct answer is (d) Water

IUCN classification shows following types of species:

• Extinct Species: A species which no longer exists on the earth is called an extinct species, e.g dianosaur.
•  Endangered Species: A species which is on the verge of extinction is called endangered species, e.g. rhino, Asiatic lion, etc.
• Vulnerable Species: If the population of a species has reduced to such a level that it may become endangered, then it is called vulnerable species, e.g. Gangetic dolphin.
• Rare Species: If population of a species is so low that it may become vulnerable or endangered, it is called rare species, e.g. Asiatic buffalo.
• Unknown Species: Some species are living on the earth but we do not have sufficient information about them. Such species is called unknown species.

Things used by man in his day-to-day life are known as artefacts.

It is because these resources are limited, non-renewable and polluting.

(c) Bharatpur

Correct answer is b

correct answer is b.

Among the historical sources Audio Visual Sources are based on modem technology

Correct option is (b) Bahishkrut Bharat