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Given that,

CP ‖ BQ

Produce CP to E

So,

PE ‖ BQ and AB cuts them

∠QBE = ∠CBA = 105°(Corresponding angles)

In ΔECA

∠CEA + ∠ECA + ∠EAC = 180°

105° + ∠ECA + 25° = 180°

∠ECA = 50°

∠PCA + ∠ECA = 180°(Linear pair)

x + 50° = 180°

x = 130°

Colour blindness.

Autosomal recessive trait – Sickle cell anemia Autosomal dominant trait – Muscular dystrophy

Given that,

l ‖ m and n cuts them

Let,

∠1 = x

∠2 = 90°

∠3 = 125°

∠3 + ∠5 = 180°(Linear pair)

125° + ∠5 = 180°

∠5 = 55° (i)

∠4 = 90° (ii)

Now,

∠1 + ∠4 + ∠5 = 180°(Angle sum property)

x + 90° + 55° = 180°

x = 35°

∠EOC = ∠DOK = 100°(Vertically opposite angle)

∠DOK = ∠ACO = 100°(Vertically opposite angle)

Here two lines, EK and CA cut by a third line L and the corresponding angles to it are equal.

Therefore,

EK ‖ AC

l ‖ m

Let transversal be n and ∠1 = 65°

∠2 = 20°

∠3 = x

Since,

l ‖ m and n cuts them so,

∠1 + ∠4 = 180°(Co. interior angle)

65° + ∠4 = 180°

∠4 = 115°(i)

∠4 = ∠5 = 115°(Vertically opposite angle)

∠2 + ∠5 + ∠3 = 180°

20° + 115° + x = 180°

x = 45°

(b) test cross

Now-a-days we are paying some taxes directly govt, through its related department. Some other taxes are paid indirectly.

Recombination and crossing over.

When Nile perch, a large predator fish, was introduced in Lake Victoria, it started feeding on the native fish, cichlid fish. As a result, cichlid fish became extinct and Nile perch, not finding any food for itself, died too.

Correct option is C) ⌊POY & ⌊QOY

A × B = B 

∴ A = 1 

∴ C = 1 + B² 

Also 1 + B² is a single digit. 

∴ B = 2 

C = ( 1 + B² ) = ( 1 + 4 ) = 5 

∴ A = 1, B = 2 and C = 5

(i) A prism becomes a cylinder as the number of sides of its base becomes larger and larger.
(ii) A pyramid becomes a cone as the number of sides of its base becomes larger and larger.

(i) No, a polyhedron cannot have 3 triangles for its faces.
(ii) Yes, a polyhedron can have four triangles which is known as pyramid on triangular base.
(iii) Yes, a polyhedron has its faces a square and four triangles which makes a pyramid on square base.

In first column, F = ?, V = 6 and E = 12
Using Euler’s formula, we see F + V – E = 2
F + V – E = 2
=> F + 6 – 12 = 2
=> F – 6 = 2
=> F = 2 + 6 = 8
Hence there are 8 faces.
In second column, F = 5, V = ? and E = 9
Using Euler’s formula, we see F + V – E = 2
F + V – E = 2
=> 5 + V – 9 = 2
=> V – 4 = 2
=> V = 2 + 4 = 6
Hence there are 6 vertices.
In third column, F = 20, V = 12 and E = ?
Using Euler’s formula, we see F + V – E = 2
F + V – E = 2
=> 20 + 12 – E = 2
=> 32 – E = 2
=> E = 32 – 2 = 30
Hence there are 30 edges.

If F = 10, V = 15 and E = 20.
Then, we know Using Euler’s formula, F + V – E = 2
L.H.S. = F + V – E
= 10 + 15 – 20
= 25 – 20
= 5
R.H.S. = 2
L.H.S. ≠ R.H.S.
Therefore, it does not follow Euler’s formula.

It is possible, only if the number of faces are greater than or equal to 4.

There are three atoms. One of oxygen and two of hydrogen.

1. We conclude that wooden block and iron rod do not get compressed. 

2. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. 

3. The particles in solids are very close to each other.

We conclude that 

1. Liquids have definite volume but the shape of liquid is dependent on the container in which it is poured. 

2. The particles of liquid are little far from each other. 

3. Liquid can flow and can be poured from one container to another.

(b) unfixed shape and volume

Solid has definite shape and volume.

The formula of common salt is NaCl.

Butter does not change to liquid but when we heat it, it changes to liquid. Jelly is in liquid state, but when we refrigerate it, it changes to solid. These types of substances have properties of both solid and liquid. They do not flow when we keep them on room- temperature

(d) electron

The smoke of incense stick diffuses everywhere when it is lighted. We can feel the smell of smoke from vehicles, smell of waste etc. Thus, clearly we can say that the shape and volume of gas are not definite.

Things and their properties

(b) Compound

No, all substances are not similar.

On the basis of physical composition, substances are of four types. On the basis of chemical composition, substances are of three types.

These things have definite shape and definite volumes.

No, all these substances are formed when two or more compounds or elements are mixed in a ratio.

Three states – solid, liquid and gas.

1. Proton, neutron 

2. very close, at large distances 

3. mixture

There are three states of matter solid, liquid and gas.

Experiment 1: Press a wooden block and put it on a table. The wooden block does not get compressed and has unchanged shape and size. 

Result: Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles in solid are very close to each other.

Experiment 2 : Pour water from a bottle to a glass. It takes the shape of glass.

Result: Liquids have fixed volume but the shape of liquid depends on the container in which it is poured. The particles of liquid are little far from each other.

Experiment 3 : Inflate a balloon and tie it with a thread. Then, open the thread and let it free. 

Result: Gases do not have definite shape and volume and their particles diffuse at a large distances.

Because butter is solid at room temperature but it changes to liquid state on heating.

1. states 

2. Liquids 

3. mixture 

4. particles

The states of water are three.

They do not get compressed.

A substance is a thing which has weight and occupy space.

The substance made up of only one type of particle is element

When butter is kept at room temperature, then it is in solid state but on heating it changes into liquid state. Similarly, when jelly is prepared, it is in liquid state, but when it is freezed, it turns into solid. Thus, they have the properties of both solids and liquid.

Vision is not a substance.

118 elements .

A substance is made up of small particles.

Element – The substances made up of only one type of atom are called elements.

Compound – When two or more atoms combine through chemical reaction in a fixed ratio, a compound is formed.

Mixture – It is formed when two or more compounds or elements are mixed in a ratio.

1. (c) 

2. (d) 

3. (b) 

4. (a)

Liquids have definite volume but the shape of liquid is dependent on the container in which it is poured :

1. When we pour water from bottle to a glass, the water takes the shape of that glass.

2. When we pour water back from glass to bottle, the volume remains the same.

Chart of symbols of elements