Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The binary system uses powers of 2.

PROLOG computer language is used for artificial intelligence.

The two machines proposed by Charles Babbage are :

1. Difference Engine

2. Analytical Engine.

List of Olympic Games held so far:

The 1906 Olympic games were organised to mark the 10th anniversary of the Games. These were not held after a period of 4 years as usual:
At the time of holding ancient Olympic Games battle between the countries used to be stopped. But it is a matter of pity and shame that the Olympic Games stated for 1910 and then for 1914 were stopped because of the First World War and then the Second World War, and lovers of games could not participate in these games.

Moreover, in 1980 many countries did not participate in Olympic Games held in Moscow (U.S.S.R.) on political considerations. A large number of players who had put in their best efforts in their preparation had to face disappointment when their countries boycotted these games held in Moscow.

The world remained in tension as to what might happen in the Games which were held in Barcelona in 1992. In the Olympic Games of 1972 held in Munich, some players were attacked on narrow consideration of colour forgetting the true spirit of the Olympics. Many players were killed, and the whole world was plunged in sorrow and shame.

The founder of the modern Olympic games Baron de Coubertin might not have even imagined of this tragic fate which the Games met. It would be indeed fortunate if we could continue the Olympic Games in the spirit with which they were revived. History changes, and new incidents happened giving new turns to history. One is afraid if such tragic incidents would bring the Olympic Games to the same point when another Baron de Coubertin had to make efforts to revive them.

Entries and Rules For Olympic Games. In order to participate in the Olympic games, a player, whether man or woman, of age-group must be Amateur. All entries in the games are routed through National Olympic Committee. National Sports Committees select players to represent their respective countries, and send their names to the International Olympic Committee.

International Olympic Committee:
In order to organize Olympic games a committee was named International Olympic Committee was formed. It had one representative of each country in the world. Its head office is located in Compague Mon Zeps Lausanne (Switzerland). For this committee, one President, two Vice Presidents and members of the Executive are elected. This committee decides the time and venue of the Olympic games to be held every four years.

Rules of Ancient Olympics. 

It was extremely essential to follow the following rules to take part in Olympic games :

• All players participating in the games ought to be Greeks.
• It was essential for a player to take up training for 10 months under the care of somebody before taking part in these games.
• No professional could participate in the games.
• In the initial stage, women were neither allowed to witness, nor participate in these games.
• The players had to take oath to participate in the games properly.
• The players should not have any criminal charge.
• The first and last days of games were fixed for religious ceremonies and sacrifices.

Sports:
In the beginning, only one game was included in the Olympics, but more games were slowly introduced. First of all the race used to be of 100 yards. In 724 A.D. at the 14th Olympic games 400 yards race was introduced. At the 18th Olympic games Pentathlon was started. It include long jump, Javelin throw, 200 yards race, discus throw and wrestling. In 23rd and 25th Olympics, 3 miles race was introduced. In 28th Olympics, chariot race, and in 30th Olympics, water sports were included. These games used to last for there to five days. At first women were not allowed to take part in games, but they were allowed to do so later on.

The roots of tree from the Goddess of Jess Temple were given.

3 inch= 3 x 2.54 cm/1inch=7.62 cm

2L =2 x1000cm³ x1m³/10⁶ cm³=2 x 10^-3 m³.

Python library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

2L =2×1000cm³ ×1m³ /10⁶ cm³ =2 × 10^-3 m³ . 

A computer is an electronic device which can perform various operations correctly and fast. For example data processing, huge calculations etc. Characteristics of computer :

1. Speed : Its speed is very fast. A modern computer can execute millions of instructions in one second.

2. Accuracy : A computer can give accurate results up to 20 to 30 places of decimal.

3. High storage capacity : A computer can store large amount of data in very small space.

4. Versatility: A computer c3n do different types of tasks like data processing, graphics, audio and visual effects.

5. Repetitive: A computer makes no mistake in repeating anything as many times.

2 days = 2 days × 24 h/ 1 day × 60 min/1h × 60 s/1 min= 172800s

Alcohol/ phenol reacts with acid chloride in the presence of pyridine to form ester.

R/Ar-OH + R-COCl + pyridine → R/Ar-OCOR + HCl

Gay lussac’s law of gaseous volume is being obeyed. According to gay lussac’s law of gaseous volumes, gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction in a simple ration by volume, provided that all gases are the same temperature and pressure

The electron withdrawing groups like -NO₂ increase the stability of phenoxide ion by dispersal of negative charge. The electron releasing groups like -OCH₃ decrease the acidic strength of phenol by destablising the phenoxide ion by concentrating negative charge. Thus, o-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxy phenol.

Distance covered = speed ×time 

=3.0 × 10⁸ m s^-1 ×2.00 ns 

=3.0 × 10⁸ m s^-1 × 2.00 ns × 10^-9 s/1ns 

=0.600 m

Because of electron withdrawing nature of benzene, phenoxide ion formed after removal of H⁺ is more stable than the alkoxide ion formed. Hence phenol is more acidic than alcohol having high k_a and less pk_a

By nitration of phenol:

C₆H₅OH + dil.HNO₃ → o-nitrobenzene + p^- C₆H₄ (NO₂)OH

C₆H₅OH + 3HNO₃ (conc. ) → 2, 4, 6- C₆H₃ (NO₂)₃

The answer is (iv) 12g He

The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.6736 × 10^-24g.

(iii), (iv)

(iii) 14 g of N₂ (iv) 1.0 g of H

(i) According to the reaction, 1 atom of A reacts with 1 molecule of B. 

∴200 molecules of B will react with 200 atoms of A, thereby leaving 100 atoms of A unreacted. Hence, B is the limiting reagent. 

(ii) According to the reaction, 1 mol of A reacts with 1 mol of B. 

∴ 2 mol of A will react with only 2 mol of B leaving 1 mol of B. Hence, A is the limiting reagent. 

(iii) 1 atom of A combines with 1 molecule of B. 

∴ All 100 atoms of A will combine with all 100 molecules of B. Hence, the mixture is stoichiometric and ther is no limiting reagent. 

(iv) 1 mol of atom A combines with 1 mol of molecule B. 

∴ 2.5 mol of B will combine with only 2.5 mol of A. and 2.5 mol of A will be left unreacted. Hence, B is the limiting reagent.

(v) 1 mol of atom A combines with 1 mol of molecule B. 

∴ 2.5 mol of A will combine with only 2.5 mol of B and the remaining 2.5 mol of B will be left.

Hence, A is the limiting reagent

(iii), (iv)

(iii) Mole fraction
(iv) Mass percent

mole fraction of C = 1-(0.50+0.20) = 0.30 

Correct option is (b) 18

Establishing social justice means:

• To eliminate the practices and beliefs which are responsible for injustice towards a person or a community and which hampers collective progress of society should be eliminated. 
• Government policies should be all inclusive which means it should aim at accommodating different sections of society. 
• There should not be any discrimination based on caste, creed, religion, gender, language, property, region or place of birth. 
• All should get equal opportunities for development.

The Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution has made provisions for decentralization of power. It means:

• Indian Constitution has divided the power between the centre, state and local selfgoverning institutions. 
• The guidelines about empowering the local self-governing bodies are given in the Constitution. 
• After independence, 73rd and 74th Amendment to the Constitution in 1992 has given constitutional status to the local selfgoverning bodies. 
• Due to this, there is increase in the participation by the people at grass root level. Democracy was put into practice which eventually got strengthened. Decentralisation curbed the misuse of power.

Correct option is (b) Dowry Prohibition Act

• Some sections of Indian society were denied social justice. 
• They were deprived of educational and employment opportunities. It was essential to bring them in the main stream of society. 
• The policy was adopted to give reservation to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in educational institutions and public employment. 
• Seats were also reserved for Other Backward Classes. Reservation policy gave the deprived classes justice and opportunities for development.

Correct option is (c) Transparency, responsible.

Four is the significant figures in 1.050 x 10⁴.

1. Several policies have been adopted in the post-independence period for empowering women.

2. Provisions were made in the Constitution to provide opportunities for progress. 

3. Many laws were passed to empower them. They are:

• Right to have equal share in the property of father and husband. 
• Dowry Prohibition 
• Act. Act against Sexual Harassment. 
• Domestic Violence Prohibition Act.

• The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment provided reservation of 33% seats for women in local self governing institutions. 
• This reservation has been increased to 50% in Maharashtra and many other states. 
• One-third seats and the offices (posts) of Sarpanch, Mayor, etc. are reserved for women. Several policies have been adopted to remove illiteracy among women and to make available opportunities for their development. 
• A bill is tabled in the house to reserve 50% seats in Legislative Assembly and Parliament.

• Earlier the Indian Constitution had fixed the voting age of 21 years. 
• The voting age was lowered to 18 years. 
• The young voters secured the right to vote and the increased number of voters was unparalleled.
• They got the right to decide how their representative should be.
• Moreover, it provided to the unrepresented youth an opportunity to become part of political process being literate and politically conscious. 
• It increased the scope of democracy by including the youth of the country thus making it the largest democracy in the world.

• The Constitution of India empowers women by granting them equal status with men and equal political rights. 
• 22 women were elected in the Lok Sabha elections held in 1951-52. Their number increased to 66 in 2014 elections. 
• Reservation has been increased to 50% in local self-governing institutions in Maharashtra and in many other states. 
• If the number of women representative increased in Lok Sabha, it will help in reducing incidents of violence against women and increase their involvement in the decisionmaking process.

Correct option is (c) Right to Information

• In order to bring transparency in the administration and make it accountable, Indian citizens are given 
• Right to Information. Right to Information helped in promoting harmony between government and people and empowered the citizens.
• It brought transparency in administration, made the government realise that they are answerable to people. 
• It has helped to reduce the element of secrecy which surrounded the functioning of the government. It made the government open and transparent

Correct option is (c) Constitution

Mole is defined as the amount of a substance, which contains the same number of chemical units (atoms, molecules, ions or electrons) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. 

A mole represents a collection of 6.022 x 10²³( Avogadro's number) chemical units.

• The formula mass of a substance is the sum of atomic masses of the atoms present in the formula.
• In substances such as sodium chloride, positive (sodium), and negative (chloride) entities are arranged in a three-dimensional structure in a way that one sodium (Na⁺) ion is surrounded by six chlorides (Cl^-) ions, all at the same distance from it and vice versa. Thus, sodium chloride does not contain discrete molecules as the constituent units.
• Therefore, NaCl is just the formula that is used to represent sodium chloride though it is not a molecule.
• In such compounds, the formula (i.e., NaCl) is used to calculate the formula mass instead of molecular mass.

e.g. 

Formula mass of sodium chloride = atomic mass of sodium + atomic mass of chlorine 

= 23.0 u + 35.5 u = 58.5 u

A substance which contains only one kind of atom or molecule is called a pure substance . 

Correct option is (c) 2005

• Even a small amount of any substance contains very large number of atoms or molecules. Therefore, a quantitative adjective ‘mole’ is used to express the large number of sub-microscopic entities like atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, etc. present in a substance.
• Thus, one mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many entities or particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g (or 0.012 kg) of the carbon -12 isotope.
• One mole is the amount of substance which contains 6.0221367 × 10²³ particles/entities.

• Presently, instead of amu, Unified Mass has now been accepted as the unit of atomic mass.
• It is called Dalton and its symbol is ‘u’ or ‘Da’.

Molecular mass of a substance is the sum of average atomic masses of the atoms of the elements which constitute the molecule.

OR 

Molecular mass of a substance is the mass of one molecule of that substance relative to the mass of one carbon-12 atom.