Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

D) he organized the world famous Free-dom movement on the principles of Non – violence and Satyagraha

1. Gandhi took the national movement to masses.

2. Gandhiji all the time depended upon the weapons of Truth and Non – violence. 

3. He worked for the welfare of Harijans. 

4. He introduced the concept Satyagraha.

sir Stafford Cripps.

A) To persuade Indians to support for World War – II

In several districts, such as Satafra in the west and Medinipur in the east, “independent” governments were proclaimed.

1. The British after consolidated their power in India developed three main cities – Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkatta.

2. They served as administrative headquarters and trading centres.

(d) All the above

The Allied powers.

Correct option is C) Telangana

North-West Frontier Province.

The British followed the policy of “Divide and Rule”.

1. Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch ‘Quit India’ campaign in 1942. 

2. Although he was jailed at once, young activists organised strikes all over the country. 

3. Students left their colleges to go to jail. 

4. Socialist resistance was very active. 

5. Independent Governments were formed in several districts. 

6. Bose waged war for 3 years with his INA against mighty British Army. 

7. All the masses of the country were active against the British. 

8. So we can say during 1942-45 resistance to British rule had become more powerful than ever before.

Opinion on Paragraph : 

1. In my view, Japan a tiny nation defeated Russia in 1905 and China. 

2. With this courage during Second World War in the initial period Japan was victorious against the allies. 

3. By seeing this victory of Japan we got a strong impression that we Indians can decisively fight against our colonial masters. 

4. We also thought that wherever European colonists occupied Afro-Asian countries would also liberate from the clutches of the colonists. 

5. Japan an Asian country was against the Europian colonists. So India took an opportunity stand on the side of Japan and fought against dominance in India. 

6. From this we can understand an example of Subash Chandra Bose who wanted to take support of Japanese to overthrow the British rule.

1. In 1946, elections were held for the Provincial Governments and Central Assembly. 

2. Muslim League got more than 86% of Muslim votes. 

3. Congress captured 91% of non-Muslim vote. 

4. Public mood is indicative that there is great hope in the Congress in non-Muslim people and, in Muslim League in Muslim people.

1. League should have an absolute right to choose all the Muslim members of the Executive Council. 

2. The separate nation of Pakistan to be carved out of Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, Baluchistan, Afghan and Kashmir. 

3. These were the demands that were not acceptable to the Congress made by League. 

4. Congress was correct as sizable Muslim representatives are there from Congress and other party like Unionist Party of Punjab.

1. Bombay was initially seven Islands.

2. It was under, the Portuguese from 1534 onwards. 

3. Portuguese king gave it as a dowry to Charles II of England when he married the former’s sister in 1661.

4. King leased it to the East India Company.

5. The city of Bombay began to grow when the East India Company started using Bombay as its main port in Western India.

6. In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay.

(c) A is correct and R explains A

(b) Member of the Masulipatnam Council

• The British coming from a cool temperate climate, found the hill stations protective from hot weather and epidemics.
• So they built up the alternative capitals in cool areas
• So highly hills areas were distinctive features of colonial urban development.

• The causes for the new trend of urbanization in the 19th century were 
• Opening of Suez Canal, introduction of steam navigation, construction of Railways, Canals and harbours.
• Growth of factory industries etc.

In the late 18th century Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rose as Presidency cities.

Political equality means Right to vote

(D)  Belgium

• Since the British needed strong military camps and established the cantonment towns.
• Army people began to live in these places and gradually they were grown up into a city.
• E.g. Kanpur and Lahore.

Wrong pair: Subaltern Historiography – Bamchandra Guha.

• In the ancient period, stories of great deeds of ancestors, mythological lore, memories of social transitions were preserved through oral traditions.
• The art of writing was mastered by Indians as early as 3rd millennium B.C.E. But Harappan script is not deciphered yet.
• The earliest written documents found in India were in the form of inscriptions that are as old as 3rd century B.C.E. during the period of Emperor Ashok.
• His edicts are inscribed on natural rocks and stone pillars.
• Inscriptions started to occur on coins, metal images and sculptures and also on copper plates from the 1st century B.C.E.
• Epics like Ramayana, Mahabharat, Puranas, Jain and Buddhist texts are important sources of ancient Indian literature.
• Historical accounts by Indian authors and travelogues by foreign travellers are also important sources of history.

• In the post-independence period, along with dynastic history, cultural, social and economic histories were also written.
• New schools of thought like Marxist, Subaltern and Feminist History were included in historiography.
• The scholars in this era began to feel the need of writing histories of various communities, sciences, economic systems, political ideologies, cultural aspects, etc.
• They presented the new schools of ideologies. These changes increased the scope of writing historiography.

A significant regional variation in sex ratio is seen in Rajasthan. In western, eastern and northern regions, there is less sex-ratio than average and in central and southern Rajasthan, it is more than the state’s average.

• The copper-plate shown in the picture was found at Sohagaura in Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh.
• It is supposed to be from the Mauryan period and the inscription on it is in Brahmi script.
• Many symbols are inscribed on it ‘Tree-in-railing’ and ‘Mountain’ at the beginning of inscription occur on punch marked coins.
• A structure created on four pillars is indicative of a granary.
• The inscriptions have a record of royal order that the grains stored in the granary should be distributed carefully.
• This order is suggestive of precautionary measures taken during famine.

Mother  is child's first teacher

Wrong pair: Discovery of Harappan CIvilization – James Mill.

1. V.K. Rajwade is well-known for his writings in Marathi on subjects like history, linguistics, etymology and grammar. 

His contributions are as follows: 

2. He compiled and edited 22 volumes of Marathyanchya Itihasachi Sadhane. 

3. He stated that history is the all-inclusive image of the past societies. 

4. V. K. Rajwade was of the view that history does not include only the stories of political images, conspiracies and Wars for seizing power. 

5. He was of the firm opinion that we should write our own history and insisted that history . should be written only using the authentic sources. 

6. He was of the opinion that description of any human event in historiography should have balanced combination of three factors namely – Time, Space and Personalities.

Meera Bai is famous for God worship.

Correct option: (c) Grant Duff

1. Woman 

2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy 

3. police stations & advisory centres 

4. widow re-marriage.

• Indian historians trained in the British educational system showed an inclination to restore the self esteem of Indians They started writing Nationalistic historiography.
• Historians from the different regions of India criticised the prejudiced history of India written by the British officers.
• Their attention was drawn towards geographic conditions and history of different regions of India.
• The nationalistic historiography helped in triggering the independence movement.
• It provided a momentum to the writing of regional histories for e.g.
• Nationalistic writings in Maharashtra were inspired by Vishnu Shastri Chiplunkar

Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.

b) Friedrich Max Muller

Friedrich Max Muller was an Orientalist historiographer and translated various Sanskrit texts. He was of the thought that Sanskrit is mother of all Indo-European languages.

Correct option: (b) Friedrich Max Muller

Correct option: (b) Colonalism

In ancient times, the woman’s status was pleasant. Men, women, boys and girl were equally important. Women were highly educated in that period, who used to participate in dispensing justice with men, for example- Gargi, Mayatrai and Lopamudra. Many vedic treatises were created by women. They also participated in politics and war.

Correct option: (c) Ashoka Maurya

1. In the later part of the eighteenth century many European scholars felt curious to know about civilisations and countries of the East.

2. These scholars who studied the Indian Civilization had respect and admiration for it. They were known as ‘Orientalists’. 

3. They studied similarities between Sanskrit and some of the European languages, focussing more on Vedic traditions and Sanskrit literature. 

4. It resulted in the notion that an ancient language could be the mother of all Indo-European languages. 

5. Notable Orientalist scholars are Friedrich Max Muller and William Jones.

• British rulers started archaeological exploration and research in India in the 20th century.
• They established the Archaeological Survey of India and appointed Sir Alexander Cunningham as its first Director General.
• He mainly chose the sites mentioned in the Buddhist texts for excavations.
• Many other ancient sites were excavated under his supervision.

Babur, the founder of the Mughal empire, in his autobiography entitled Tuzuk-i-Babari describes:

• The battles fought by him.
• Recordings of minute observations of various regions and cities visited by him noting minute observations.
• Observation of the local customs, economy, fauna and flora of the region travelled by him.

‘Sthirbuddhi’ (Level Headed)

Rajaram Maharaj was thoughtful and kindhearted.

He brought together all the capable people in the Maratha empire.

He united them and thus created a new enthusiasm amongst them.

After the death of Sambhaji Maharaj, he fought against Aurangzeb for 11 years with great courage and tenacity.

Rajaram Maharaj’s greatest achievement is that he protected Swaraj in those extremely difficult times.

The four vedas are followings

1. Rig Veda

2. Atharva Veda

3. Sama Veda

4. Yajur Veda

Veda have come down orally handed down form generation to generation and were finally recorded in books.

• The history written by British officers and Christian missionaries in support of British rule and colonialism is known as Colonial historiography.
• It reflected their prejudiced mindset about Indian culture. They ridiculed the Indian culture as being primitive.
• Their writings justified the colonial British rule. The distinct example of colonial historiography is ‘Cambridge History of India’ in five volumes published during 1922-1937.

By sender sensitivity we mean to have equal feelings towards both men and women. It is also called gender equality. Under this there is no difference in the parenting, educating and curing of health of the child whether male or female, and both get equal opportunity for development.

Correct option: (b) Arabic and Persian

Rajan was the chief of the tribe. He was ablest and the strongest man. His duties were to protect people from enemies and looked after their welfare.