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It is the inner most layer of the earth. It extends from Gutenberg discontinuity to the central point of the earth and has a thick mass of about 3478 Km. It consists about 83% of the total volume of the earth. It is a spherical zone extending from 2900 km to 6378 km. The core of the earth is also divided into two layers namely outer core and inner core.

One interesting property of the continental and oceanic crust is that these tectonic plates have the ability to rise and sink. This phenomenon, known as isostacy, occurs because the crust floats on top of the mantle like ice cubes in water. When the Earth’s crust gains weight due to mountain building or glaciations, it deforms and sinks deeper into the mantle if the weight is removed, the crust becomes more buoyant and floats higher in the mantle.

This layer lies n between the crust and the core of the earth. It begins from Mohorovicic discontinuity and continues up to a depth of2900km where ‘Gutenberg discontinuity’ separates the central core form the pyrosphere. It constitutes about 16percent of the total volume of the earth. The specific gravity of pyrospehre varies at different depths, generally it increase towards the central core. The Pyrosphere is also called Mantle zone. 

Brain and spinal cord.

(a) The ability of the eye to focus sharply on things which are near to the eye as well as far off is known as the power of accommodation.

(b) Shape of the eye:

• Near vision - flattened

• Distant - rounded or more convex

(c) Ciliary muscles and suspensory ligament

(d) In the dark: Cells - rod cells, Pigment - rhodopsin

In the light: Cells - cone cells, Pigment – iodopsin

Correct option is D) Sphere

Let n be the number of sides of a polygon and D be the number of diagonals of that polygon 

We know that, D = \(n_{c_2}\) -  n = \(\frac{n(n-3)}{2}\) 

∴ 35 = \(\frac{n^2-3n}{2}\) 

⇒ n² − 3n − 70 = 0 

⇒ (n − 10)(n + 7) = 0 

⇒ n = 10, −7 

Since, sides cannot be negative, therefore n = 10. 

Hence, polygon is a decagon.

 Let  x + y + z + a = 10 

(where x ≥ 1, y ≥ 1,Z ≥1,a ∈ z&a  ≥ 0 )

Required number = ^{n + r – 1}C_r–1

= 7 + 4 - 1C_{4 - 1}  =  ¹⁰C₃

= 10.9.8/1.2.3 = 120

(D) Begam Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain

Correct option  (a)  132

Explanation:

¹²C₂ + ¹²C₂ = 12.11/2.1 .2 = 132

 (First and last number should either be both even or both odd and the middle number is average of the two)

Correct option (a)  165

Explanation:

Let a = 2p + 1, b = 2q + 1, c = 2r + 1, d = 2s + 1

⇒ p + q + r + s = 8

^8+4–1C_4–1 = ¹¹C₃ = 165 (distribution of alike objects) 

Correct option (a)  91

Explanation:

x ≥ 0, y ≥ 1, z ≥ 2 and x + y + z = 15

we can say 12 objects (alike) are to be distributed among 3 persons. (distribution of alike objects)

Apply ^n+r–1C_r–1 when n = 12, r = 3

^12+3–1C_3–1 = ¹⁴C₂ = 2 14 x 13/2 = 91

Correct Answer is : (c) ii and iii

Correct Answer is: (d) 0.9 cM

(c) Great Indian Bustard

(d) All of the above

(a) Roheda and Khejri

(a) Increase in soil erosion

1. forest 

2. soil 

3. wild life 

4. sanctuaries.

1. To meet up the requirements of even increasing population, urbanisation, homes, for industrialisation, extra land is required for establishment of industries and factories, forests are being cut indiscriminately in an unplanned manner. 

2. Forest are also being cleared (cut) for Dams, Construction of roads, mining, river-valley projects. 

3. The demand of wood by industries as a fuel and for making windows frames and doors etc. are the main reasons of indiscriminate cutting of forests (deforestation).

Names of plants and animals found in our surrounding:

Correct Answer is : (iv) a, c and d

Correct Answer is : (d) Chalaza

He is the ex-official Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.

Dicot Seed:

1. Possess two cotyledons 

2. Absence of coleoptile and coleorhiza 

3. Endosperm is scarce or absent

Monocot Seed:

1. Possess only one cotyledon 

2. Presence of coleoptile and colerhiza surrounding plumule and radicle respectively. 

3. Endosperm from the major storage tissue.

Chasmogamy: 

1. In chasmogamy, the flowers opens and express its mature anthers and stigma for pollination. 

2. Self-pollination is uncertain 

3. Depend on pollinating agents 

4. Example: Hibiscus

Cleistogamy: 

1. In cleistogamy the pollination occurs without opening of flowers and exposing their sex organs. 

2. Self pollination is certain. 

3. No need of pollinating agents. 

4. Example: Commelina

We need to make laws for protection of the environment because : 

1. We are dependent on nature in many ways. 

2. Most of our needs are fulfilled by nature. 

3. Natural resources should be available in enough quantities for the needs of our future generations.

Correct option is (a) duties & (c) responsibility

Rules need to specify each person’s duties and responsibilities.

Correct option is (a) disciplined

We follow rules because they are meant for the common good.

When we follow rules, our day-to day life becomes disciplined and we work more efficiently.

The eyeball is nearly spherical in shape.

a) The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly without strain (in the eye) is called the far point of the eye. For a normal eye, the far point is at infinity. 

b) The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most clearly without strain (in the eye) is called the least distance of distinct vision or the near point of the eye.

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye. For a normal eye, it is infinity.

The maximum variation in the power of the lens so that, the far-off and nearby objects are viewed is called the power of accommodation. For a person having normal vision, it is about 4 diopters.

1. Angle of scattering. 

2. Distance travelled by light. 

3. Size of the molecules.

The purpose of eye is to see and perceive the objects around us.

It acts as camera having a lens system forming an invented real image on the light sensitive screen, retina.

The splitting of white light into its component colours when it passes through the prism is called dispersion of light

Real, inverted and same sized.

• Rods and cones are the cells in the retina which are light sensitive. Rods respond to the intensity of light. Cones respond to the illumination. 
• There are 125 million cells – rods and cones. The cells generate signals which are transmitted to the brain through the optical nerves.

The retina is the light-sensitive surface of the eye in which an image is formed. It is equivalent to the photographic film in a camera. It contains rods and cones.

The eye lens forms a real image on retina then we can see the objects.

1. When the eye is focused at distant object, the ciliary muscles are relaxed. So the focal length of eye lens adjusted itself which is equal to the distance of object from the retina. Then we can see the object clearly. 

2. When the eye is focused on a closer object the ciliary muscles adjust the focal length in such a way that the image is formed on retina and we see the object clearly.

Eye lens can adjust itself in shape, so that it helps to see the objects at long and short distances.

Most of the old persons suffer from long sightedness. In this defect, the power of accommodation of the eye decreases with ageing.

It is corrected by using spectacles made from convex lenses of suitable focal lengths.

The eye defect in which people cannot see at long distances but can see nearby objects clearly is called Myopia. The eye defect in which people cannot see near distant objects but can see distant objects is called hypermetropia.

The strength of an acid depends on the following :

(a) Reactivity of the acid.

(b) Degree of ionisation to H⁺ ion.