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OOP follows the Bottom-up approach of programming.

Correct option is (D) Furniture

Correct option is (a) Questionnaire method

Correct option is (a) Forecasting technique

(a) Nylon, Terelene, Rayon

Natural gas is associated with mineral oil. It is separated from it. It is cheaper and considered to be a non-pollutant source of energy.

10 : 15 = 2 : 3 

∴ ₹ 10 : ₹15 = 2 : 3

25 kg : 20 kg 

25 : 20

5 : 4 

∴ 25 kg : 20 kg = 5 : 4

5l : 500 ml 

5000 ml: 500 ml (∵ 1l = 1000 ml, 5l = 5000 ml) 

5000 : 500 

10 : 1 

∴ 5l : 500 ml = 10 : 1

The ore of aluminium is known as bauxite.

Let the time be ‘x’. 1 hr 30min = 60 + 30 = 90 minutes , If the number of pumps are decrease, the time taken to fill the tank increases. So, the number of pumps and time taken to fill the tank are in inverse proportion.

By taking inverse proportion, 

4 : 3 = x : 90 

Thus, 

∴ 4 × 90 = 3 × x 

⇒ 3 × x = 4 × 90

⇒ x = 4 x 90/3 = 120 min

∴ 3 pumps will fill the tank in 120 min or 2 hrs. 

Observe this: 

In inverse proportion, product is always constant

∴ 4 × 90 = 3 × x 

⇒ 3 × x = 4 × 90

⇒ x = 4 x 90/3 = 120 min

2 km. 500 m : 1 km. 750 m 

2000 m + 500 m : 1000 m + 750 m 

(∵ 1 km = 1000m; 2 km = 2000 m) 

2500 : 1750

10 : 7 (∵ HCF = 25) 

∴ 2 km. 500 m : 1 km. 750 m = 10 : 7

3 : 15 : : 6 : cost 

Cost x 3 = 15 × 6

∴ Cost = \(\frac {15\times6}{3}\) = ₹ 30

Given ratios are 3 : 5 and 4 : 3. 

If a : b and c : d are ratios,

then their compound ratio is product of antecedents : product of extremes.

that is a × c : b : d 

3 × 4 : 5 × 3 

12 : 15 

∴ Compound ratio = 4 : 5

Given Ratios are 2 : 1 and 8 : 7. 

If a : b and c: d are ratios, 

then their compound ratio is product of antecedents : product of extremes that is a × c : b : d 2 × 8 : 1 × 7 16 : 7 

∴ Compound ratio= 16 : 7

Given ratios are 8 : 3 and 6 : 5. 

If a : b and c : d are ratios, 

then their compound ratio is product of antecedents : product of extremes, 

that is a × c : b : d 8 × 6 : 3 × 5 

∴ Compound ratio = 16 : 5

A framework for interfacing Python and C++ is Boost

1. The earth receives energy from the sun. This energy is reflected by the earth in the form of heat. 

2. The constituents of air surrounding the earth, such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, absorb a part of this heat and give it to the other constituents of air.

3. So the Earth’s surface remains warm and suitable for the living world on the earth.

1. In the afternoon, when the temperature of the air is high, the capacity of the air to hold the moisture also increases. 

2. Then, compared to its full capacity to hold water the proportion of moisture in the air is less and we feel that the air is dry.

1. During the dawn (early morning) when the temperature of air is low, its capacity to hold the vapour is less. 

2. At such times, the excess vapour is transformed into water droplets and we call them as dew drops.

c. the prosperity of the kingdom

1. Huns were the nomadic tribe, who under their great Attila were terrorising Rome and Constantinople .

2. They came to India through Central Asia, defeated Skandagupta and spread across central India.

3. Their chief Toromana crowned himself as king.

4. After him, his son Mihirakula ruled and got finally defeated by Yasodharman, ruler of Malwa.

1. Harsha, himself a poet and dramatist, gathered around him best of poets and artists.

2. Harsha’s popular works are Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadharshika.

3. His royal court was adorned by Banabhatta, Mayura, Hardatta and Jayasena.

c) 3,1,5,2,4

a. 1 is correct

1. Kalidasa’s famous dramas were Sakunthala, Malavikagnimitra and Vikramaoorvashiyam.

2. Other significant works were Meghaduta, Raghuvamsa, Kumarasambava and Ritusamhara

ISRO : 

1. The Indian space Research Qrgnisation is the space agency of the government of India. 

2. Its headquarters is in the city of Bangalore. 

3. it was formed in 1969. 

4. It built India’s first satellite “Aryabhatta” in 1975.

Satellite Launching:

1. Usually the word ‘Satellite’ refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around the Earth or another body in space.

2. Moon is an example of natural satellite. Thousands of artificial or Man made satellites orbit Earth.

3. India has two operational launchers :

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

1. In one of the gold coins issued by Samudragupta he is portrayed playing harp (Veena).

2. He was a lover of poetry and music and for this, he earned the title “Kaviraja7

Guptas used iron, gold, copper, tin, lead, brass, bronze, bell-metal, mica, manganese and red chalk.

Mauryan Society:

1. According to Megasthenes, the Greek historian, the ancient Mauryan society comprised of seven divisions namely philosophers, farmers, soldiers, herdsmen, artisans, magistrates and councillors which were referred to as castes.

2. In the ancient Mauryan society, the cultivators formed the largest group becoming the central nerve of agriculture in society.

3. The caste system was very prevalent one. 

4. Women were also engaged in a variety of activities like archers, royal bodyguards, spies and performers. But women were most of the times dominated by their male counter parts.

5. Wisdoms had a very honorable place in society. Offenses against women were severally dealt with.

6. An urban way of life developed. Education became fairly wide spread.

7. Slavery in India was beginning to make the appearance.

Gupta Society: 

1. The society was adhered to four vama system. 

2. According to laws of Manu, which was in force, women should be under the protection of their father, husband or eldest son.

3. Polygamy was widely prevalent.

4. The kings and the feudatory lords often had more than one wife.

5. Inscriptions refer to Kubernaga and Dhruvasvamini as the queens of Chandragupta II. 

6. Sati was practised during the Gupta rule.

1. The Guptas were the first to construct temples, which evolved from the earlier trandition of rock-cut shrines.

2. Adorned with towers and elaborate carvings, these temples were dedicated to all Hindu deities.

3. The most notable rock-cut caves are found at Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra), Bagh (Madhya Pradesh) and

4. Udaygiri (Odisha). 

5. The structural temples built during this period resemble the characteristic features of the Dravidian style.

6. Two remarkable examples of Gupta metal sculpture are 

• a copper image of Buddha about 18 feet high at Nalanda.
• Sultanganj Buddha seven-and-a-half feet in height.

7. Gupta paintings are found on the Fresco of the Ajanta caves and the Bagh cave in Gwalior.

(b) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

(a) Visakhadatta

(c) Buddhism

1. Nitisara

Reason : Nitisara is a book, whereas the other three were the classification of land in Gupta’s period.

2. Magadha 

Reason : Magadha was an ancient kingdom, where as the other three were the famous trade centers.

1. Sresti : Sresti traders were usually settled at a standard place.

2. Sarthavaha : Sarthavaha traders caravan traders who carried their goods to different places.

1. Seals and inscriptions mentioned about the military designations as baladhikrita and mahabaladhikrita (Commander of infantry and cavalry respectively).

2. The system of espionage included spies known as dutakas

1. Bhaga 

2. Hiranya 

3. Bali

(c) Kamandaka

‘Nitisara’ emphasises the importance of Treasury

Classification of land during Gupta period.

(ii) Land Tax was the main revenue to the government.

(iii) The condition of the peasants was  pathetic. They were required to pay various taxes. They were reduced to the position of serfs.

The books authored by Harsha were Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadharshika.

Harsha embraced Buddhism under the influence of his sister Rajyashri and the Buddhist monk and traveller Hiuen Tsang

1. Samudragupta was a great general and he carried on a vigorous campaign all over the country.

2. He defeated the Pallava king Vishnugopa. 

3. He conquered nine kingdoms in northern India.

4. He reduced 12 rulers of southern India to the status of feudatories and to pay tribute.

5. He received homage from the rulers of East Bengal, Assam, Nepal, the eastern part of Punjab and various tribes of Rajasthan.

Vishnugopa was the ruler of Pallava

(b) Sri Gupta

(a) 1. is correct

1. Harsha belonged to Mahayana school of thought. 

2. Harsha treated vedic scholars and Buddhist monks alike and distributed Charities equally to them. 

3. He was the last Buddhist sovereign in India. 

4. As a pious Buddhist, Harsha stopped the killing of animals for food.

1. Prashasti is a Sanskrit word, meaning commendation or ‘in praise of’.

2. Court poets flattered their kings listing out their achievements.

3. These accounts were later engraved on pillars so that the people could read them.

4. The Prayog Prashasti, composed by Samudragupta’s court poet Harisena was engraved on Allahabad Pillar.

5. This Allahabad Pillar inscription is the main source of information for Samudragupta’s reign.

(c) Harisena