Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Some of the regional and economic grouping are SAARC, European Union, ASEAN, G – 8, G – 20 etc.

Use of polythene bags should be stopped and banned, because of the following reasons. 

1. Biodegradation of polythene bags does not occur. So, polythene bag remain permanently in the soil and is an obstacle in the development of plants. 

2. Polythene bags thrown in drains chock the drain-pipe, as a result of which dirty waste water spreads out on the land. So, insects, bacteria and germs are produped in that stagnating water, which spread many diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc. 

3. People throw used polythene bags containing refuge and wastage of food, fruits and vegetables in it. Cows and other animals swallow these bags along with the food contents. These bags accumulate in the stomach of the cows and cause diseases and even death of the cows.

(i) Communalism is a serious threat to the unity of our country. It emerges out of narrow religious pride. 

(ii) Fanaticism is the base of communalism. It makes one oblivious to national interest. Fanaticism makes the perspective of looking at events and people prejudiced. 

(iii) Some people begin to think of economic and social questions in the framework of their own religion. They hold the idea that government is partial towards their religion. 

(iv) If anybody speaks about their religion or insults their religious symbols knowingly or unknowingly, riots break out because of this kind of thinking.

Hundreds of innocent people are killed. Public peace is destroyed.

(i) It is necessary that we all counter religious communalism with all our strength. 

(ii) For this to become a reality, we should mix with people of different religions. We should accept the good practices and ideas of each other. 

(iii) We should be able to look at and understand our economic and social problems rationally. We should not mix these issues with religion. 

(iv) We should look for the economic, political or historical reasons that are responsible for disrupting religious harmony.

(v) This is the only way to put an end to communalism and to strengthen national unity.

Macronutrients are essential inorganic elements, which are required in comparatively larger quantities for growth and reproduction of plants. They are called macronutrients because they are required in relatively larger quantities e.g. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium etc.

Control of noise pollution during festivals and social functions: 

1. Use of noise pollution produced by loud speakers during festivals, social and religious functions should be restricted. 

2. Burning of crackers and other fireworks should be stricktly prohibted from 10 O’clock in night, till 6 O’clock in the morning. 

3. Crackers with high sound intensity should not be allowed. 

4. Crackers and fire works should not be allowed near hospitals, educational institutions.

Sources of water in the world are limited, whereas the population has increased tremendously. Consumption of water is more than available resources. The level of underground water has gone down. Lakes, rivers and ponds are polluted, so water should not be wasted at all. Due to deforestation, there is a shortage of rainfall. As such, conservation of water is necessary. 

Following are the measures to be taken to conserve water:

1. Do not let water flow uselessly. Leakage in pipes should be repaired. 

2. If the pipe-line distributing water is leaking and broken, the related officers should be informed so that pipes may be repaired or changed. 

3. Taps in public places should be kept closed, when not being used. Often children open the taps or sometimes elders also forget to close the tap, due to which water flows uselessly. So, close the taps before going from the house.

4. Take care that water from the water reservoir kept on the roof of the house does not overflow. Keep the tanks always clean and covered. 

5. Wastewater of the kitchen should be collected in a tank and should be used for the kitchen garden or in washrooms. This saves drinking water. 

6. Every drop of water must be saved. Avoid wastage of water. 

7. Take every care that water resources do not get contaminated.

Every person on earth needs water to survive. Without it, many of us would get sick and even result in death. ... Conserving water is important because it keeps water pure and clean while protecting the environment. Conserving water means using our water supply wisely and be responsible.।

• Don't Run the Hose While Washing Your Car. ...
• Use a Broom, Not a Hose, to Clean Driveways and Sidewalks. ...
• Cover Swimming Pools to Reduce Evaporation. ...
• Check for Leaks in Pipes, Hoses, Faucets and Couplings. ...

The Congress party faced the challenge of succession for the second time in 1966 after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri: 

1. This challenge started with an intense competition between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi to be resolved through a secret ballot. 

2. Indira Gandhi defeated Morarji Desai by securing the support of more than two-thirds of the party’s MPs. 

3. Thus, a peaceful transition of power despite intense competition for leadership was seen as a sign of maturity of India’s democracy.

Correct option is Darjeeling

1. Lai Bahadur Shastri 

2. Indira Gandhi

Congress (R) under Indira Gandhi had an issue an agenda and a positive slogan which was lacked by its opponents. 

The ‘Grand Alliance’ had only one common programme ‘Indira Hatao’: 

1. In contrast to this, Indira Gandhi put forward a positive slogan ‘Garibi Hatoa’. 

2. By this, she generated a support base among poor, minorities, landlord laborers, Dalits, women and unemployed bye youth. 

3. Except it, she focused on the growth of the public sector, the imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property, removal of disparity etc. 

4. Thus, the slogan of Garibi Hatao and programmes became the part of Indira Gandhi’s political strategy of building an independent nationwide political support base during the electoral contest of 1971.

(i) Regionalism refers an over-adherence to the language, culture, socio-political structures and economic growth of one’s own region or territory which leads to disregard for people of other regions. 

(ii) It is grounded in the uneven industrial and infrastructural development of various regions of the same nation. For example, states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab and Tamil Nadu are well developed economically and industrially, whereas states like Odisha, Bihar, Assam, have remained undeveloped economically and industrially. 

(iii) The disparity in availability of education, employment and other civic amenities between developed and backward regions of the country leads to regionalism. 

(iv) The people of economically backward states often feel neglected and deprived, whereas the people of developed states might become narrowminded and refuse to share the benefits of their development.

Correct option is (b) People’s Liberation Guerilla Army

(i) Regionalism thrives on regional imbalance in development. In the post-independence period, some states achieved more progress, while some states remained backward. 

(ii) As a result, the states that develop economically can also achieve progress in other areas like education, health and culture. 

(iii) The states which have not developed in this manner remain backward in education and civic amenities. The opportunities of development available to people in developed states are not possible for people in backward states. 

(iv) They are troubled by problems of education, backwardness, unemployment, poverty, etc. They begin to think that they are being cheated; they are being kept away from the benefits of development. Because of this, the understanding between states is broken. 

(v) The people of developed states begin to believe that they are superior due to their superior history and culture and hence they have developed that much. Then they begin to look down upon the people of underdeveloped regions. 

(vi) They are not willing to share the benefits of ‘ development with the backward states. 

(vii) On the other hand, the people from backward areas need to arouse their regional identity to organise themselves. For this, they try to unnecessarily glorify local traditions.

Bhindranwale was arrested in 1981, accused of the murder of newspaper editor, Lala Jagatnarayan. After this incident, the situation in Punjab worsened.

The formal split in Congress took place in 1969 on the issue of nomination of the candidate during presidential elections: 

1. Despite, Indira Gandhi’s reservations, the Syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, as the official Congress candidate for ensuing Presidential elections. 

2. Indira Gandhi retaliated the situation by encouraging Mr. V.V. Giri, the then Vice-President, to be nominated as an independent candidate. 

3. During election, the then Congress President S. Nijalingappa issued a whip asking all Congress MPs. MLAs to vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy. 

4. On the other hand, after silently supporting V.V. Giri, the Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi openly called for a conscience vote to vote the way they want. 

5. Elections went in favour of V.V. Giri due to this diplomatic effort and N. Sanjeeva Reddy was defeated. 

6. The defeat of N. Sanjeeva Reddy, the formal Congress candidate, formalized the split of the party into two: 

(a) Congress (O), i.e. organization led by a syndicate, known as Old Congress. 

(b) Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi, known as New Congress.

(i) In the post-independence period, some states achieved more progress, while some states remained backward. 

(ii) States that develop economically can also achieve progress in other areas like education, health and culture. 

(iii) The states which have not developed in this manner remain backward in education and civic amenities. 

(iv) They are harassed by problems of education, backwardness, unemployment and poverty, etc.

(v) They begin to think that they are being cheated; they are being kept away from the benefits of development. 

(vi) Because of this, the understanding between states is broken. This in turn, has a negative impact on national unity.

(i) The movement had the objectives of establishing Action Committees to raise a voice against the exploitation of the farmers by the landlords and confiscate the land of the landlords and distribute it among the tenants. 

(ii) Later, the movement strayed away from its objectives. It took recourse to terrorism to prevent any government schemes and welfare policies from reaching the common people. 

(iii) The Naxalites started a parallel system by rejecting the democratic system. This made Naxalism a serious challenge to India’s internal security.

(i) In 1946, some’ educated Naga youth established an organisation called Naga National Council (NNC). 

(ii) Later they made a demand for an independent state of Nagaland. They were led by Angami Zapu Fizo. 

(iii) In 1954, the Naga National Council announced the establishment of an independent federation of Nagaland.

(iv) In 1955, skirmishes took place between local Nagas and the soldiers of the Assam Rifles. Military action was therefore taken to suppress the skirmishes (clashes)

The formal split in Congress took place in 1969 on the issue of nomination of the candidate during presidential elections: 

1. Despite, Indira Gandhi’s representatives, the syndicate nominated Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, as the official Congress candidate for ensuring presidential elections. 

2. Indira Gandhi retaliated the situation by encouraging Mr. V.V. Giri, the then Vice President, to be nominated as an independent candidate. 

3. During the election, the then Congress president S. Nijalingappa issue a ‘Whip’ asking all Congress MPs, MLAs to vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy. 

4. On the other hand, after silently supporting V.V. Giri, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi openly called for a conscience vote to vote the way they want. 

5. Elections went in favor of V.V. Giri due to this diplomatic effort and N. Sanjeeva Reddy was defeated. 

6. The defeat of N. Sanjeeva Reddy, the formal Congress candidate, formalized the split of the party into two: 

(a) Congress (0) i.e organization led by Syndicate, known as Old Congress. 

(b) Congress (R) i.e. requisitionists led by Indira Gandhi, known as New Congress.

Sledge cart without wheels.

Though the Durbaris told the story, the emperor could not get the sleep, instead of that the emperor asked “what’s next?” They had to continue to tell the story till morning. It was really a problem for them So they all decided to go to Birbal seeking solution.

Akbar and Birbal stories are very familiar and popular. These stories are very interesting. Here the title of the story is very catchy. In this story once Emperor Akbar felt ill. Though it was not serious, the emperor could not sleep. For that hakim suggested that the emperor should hear a story, before retiring to bed. Each one of the courtier would tell a story to the emperor.

But the emperor would not sleep and the courtiers should continue the story. It was really a problem for ministers and courtiers, so they consulted Birbal. Birbal agreed to tell a story to the emperor. Birbal narrated a story, then emperor asked what happened then. As the stories continued the emperor asked the usual question ‘What’s next?’ But clever Birbal made a plan and started the Story.

In that story 500 birds were there. He told one bird went into the hut and holding a grain flew out. After second, third, fourth bird the story goes on like that when emperor asked how many are birds left, Birbal told only five birds have flown out. The remaining four hundred and ninety five birds to go! Birbal continued like this, the emperor got bored. Them emperor asked Birbal when are these birds going to finish their task. For that Birbal replied, when you stop saying what’s next? Sarkar. The emperor realished his foolishness and stopped this programme.

The little sparrow was very clever, it made friendship with a small mouse in the hut and that mouse nibbled at the basket. It was very much beneficial to birds and birds carried away the grains as usual.

Bhil was thinking over the problem, how to get rid of these birds. Finally he thought a plan. He went to market and bought a big basket and kept the grains and closed its lid tightly. The birds were-unable to peck the basked. Bhil solved the problem.

Bhil was capable of protecting himself from the beasts but not his grains of com. There were many kinds of birds in that jungle and they all carried away his corns. This was a big problem for Bhil.

1. Soviet Russia under Stalin experimented a planned development. 

2. It opted for both rapid industrialisation and collectivisation of agriculture. 

3. It was able to achieve full employment for all its citizens. 

4. It was able to improve their standard of living substantially. 

5. It also managed to, universalise literacy and elementary education. 

6. It did not give ordinary liberty to the citizens and done away with the opposition. 

7. It forced large scale execution of opposition leaders. 

8. It brought prosperity among the society, but the freedom was not bestowed on them and doing away with any opposition was not the sign of equality.

(b) Janapadas

(c) Haryanka

The capital city Pataliputra had 64 gates to the city.

1. Pataliputra was the capital of the Mauryan Empire

2. It has 64 gates to the city with 570 watch towers.

1. Raj agriha 

2. Visakadatta 

3. Ashoka 

4. Chandragupta Maurya 

5. Mahamattas

‘The Tale of Melon City’ is best understood for its irony and humour.

HUMOUR:

• The king decides to make an arch across the thoroughfare to edify the spectators. He creates a humorous scene when he dashes with the arch and loses his crown.
• The king is of the mind of punishing the guilty that made the faulty arch. His chasing one after another and their excuses and blaming the king indirectly presents a ludicrous show.
• When the wisest man is called, his conclusion of pointing the arch to be the culprit and their assay to hang it, giggles us.
• We cannot but grin when we find the king to be the fittest person for the hang.
• The process of choosing the new king and melon as the king creates utmost humour an us.

The Ministers sent out messengers to declare that the next man to pass the City Gate would choose the ruler of their state. An idiot happened to pass the gate. When asked to decide who was to be the king, he replied, “A melon.” This was his standard answer to all questions. The Ministers declared that a melon would be their new ruler.

Peace and liberty will be the outcome of a few key factors in running a state. A transparent and responsible administration free from partiality and corruption will perpetuate peace. A well-proven administrative system where there are no unlawful activities and where service to people is of most priority and delivered with ease; where grievance will be at lower stake and people will maintain trust on state and will work collaboratively are what to be the priority.

First priority must be to educate every child so that future rulers are wise, strong, and capable to heighten the civilized sensibility. A state must be free from all negative dogmas. Superstitions, blind religious hatred, favouring particular creeds and caste must be matters of trash bin. A state must be run by democratic process where there is no scope for tyranny and autocracy.

The poem is a severe indictment of the age-old custom of delivering justice by word of mouth of the kings. There was a time when the King’s word was considered divine and whatever he uttered was law. A just and placid king was expected to protect the innocent and punish the quality. However, the process of trial and the ever-changing judgement’s make a fun of the whole process of fair trials and considered awards.

This is evident from the statements of the accused who try to save their lives by holding others responsible for the guilt. The King’s capriciousness and inability to see through the thin veil of their arguments make him an object of ridicule rather than a dispenser of divine justice. Hence, we agree fully with the above statement.

Bijolia’s landlord levied illegal taxes and to investigate it, Mewar’s Maharana

Charno Bhato wrote in praise of Thakur of Auwa for his anti-Britishers emotions.

There is an important contribution of monsoon winds in the Indian climate. So the Indian climate is called as monsoon climate.

(c) north – east to south – west

(b) Normal decrease in temperature

The winds blow from sea to land in the summer. The inverse conditions of temperature and atmospheric pressure are responsible for it. In the seas, the air pressure is found to be higher, while it is low on the land. That’s why, winds blow towards the land.

Correct Answer is: (b) South

In summer, the origin of monsoon winds occurs in oceanic regions. Due to this reason, they are full of humidity and cause rainfall in the related areas.

The meteorologist of Australia, Spate, considers that monsoon winds are the result of cyclones. These cyclones originate due to the formation of fronts by the conjunction of different air – masses. He considers that the process of formation of fronts during summer is very strong. Thus, these fronts attract the winds full of humidity from oceans. On the other hand, in winter, these fronts become weak and shallow, due to which they are unable to attract rainfall.

The condition of La – Nina is very important for Indian Monsoon. 

It can be described as follows:

1. La – Nina effect – makes the monsoon active. 

2. With the help of La – Nina, a strong force rises in the coast of Peru which pushes the winds out due to higher atmospheric pressure. 

3. This process is helpful for an early and active Indian monsoon.

The people migrate from one place to other place due to :

• In search of jobs and enhanced salaries.
• For better higher education
• For leading better standards of living
• For better health and infrastructural facilities.

The total literacy rate of India as per 2011 census is 74%.

UGC – Union Grants Commission.

Correct option is (b) Rome