Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The breaking down of organic matter in an anaerobic condition leads to the formation of Bio-gas

Correct option is (a) Parameshwara

(b) Elephanta caves

• The Maurya coins were in circulation in South India. 
• After the decline of Mauryas, the Pandyas issued their own punchmarked coins.
• The images like sun, horse, stupa, tree, fish were carved on it. 
• On the Chera coins, there used to be a bow and arrow on one side and an image of an elephant on the other. 
• On the Chola coins, the symbol of the tiger as the royal emblem of Cholas is depicted. 
• The Chola coins were made of gold, silver and the legends were inscribed in the Devnagari script. 
• The coins belonging to Chalukya king Rajaraja are issued in three metals gold, silver, and copper, with the image of Rajaraja and a tiger. 
• Due to the trade with Rome, many Roman coins are found.

(d) sub-bituminous

1. Cholamandala

2. Kuntala

Lignite: 

1. Lignite is a brown coloured coal of lowest grade. 

2. It has least content of carbon. The carbon content of lignite is 25 – 35%. 

3. Lignite contains a high amount of water and makes up almost half of our total coal reserves. 

4. It is used for electricity generation. 

5. It is used to generate synthetic natural gas and produce fertilizer products.

Sub-bituminous: 

1. When lignite becomes darker and harder over time, sub-bituminous coal is formed. 

2. Sub-bituminous coal is a black and dull coal. 

3. It has higher heating value than lignite and contains 35-44% carbon. 

4. It is used primarily as fuel for electricity power generation. 

5. This coal has lower sulfur content than other types and bums cleaner.

Bituminous: 

1. With more chemical and physical changes, sub-bituminous coal is developed into bituminous coal. 

2. It is dark and hard. It contains 45-86% carbon. It has high heating value.

3. It is used to generate electricity. 

4. Other important use of this coal is to provide coke to iron and steel industries. 

5. By-products of this coal can be converted into different chemicals which are used to make paint, nylon and many other items.

Anthracite: 

1. It is the highest grade coal. It is hard and dark black in colour. 

2. It has a very light weight and the highest heat content. 

3. Anthracite coal is very hard, deep black and shiny. 

4. It contains 86-97% carbon and has a heating value slightly higher than bituminous coal. 

5. It bums longer with more heat and less dust.

Dantidurga was the first powerful king of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. The rule of Rashtrakutas was spread from the Vindhyan ranges to Kanyakumari in the south. After Dantidurga, his uncle Krishna I became the king. He uprooted Chalukya’s rule. The famous Kailas temple at Ellora is ascribed to Krishna I. The succeeding Rashtrakuta rulers became influential in North India as well.

1. Mattavilasa

2. KailasaTemple

• Kalidasa composed the ‘Meghdoot’ at Ramtek in Vidarbha. 
• During the Vakataka rule, Compositions in the Prakrit language were created. Pravarsena II. 
• The Vakataka king wrote the wellknown composition named ‘Setubandha’. ‘Harivijaya’ was composed by Sarvasena, the founder of the Vatsagulma branch of Vakatakas.

• The ‘Sangham literature’ is supposed to be most ancient in the Tamil tradition. 
• This literature is one of the main sources of the political history of South India. 
• This period is important from the point of view of Sanskrit literature.
• Kalidasa composed the ‘Meghdoot’ at Ramtek in Vidarbha.
• During the Vakataka rule, compositions in Prakrit were created.
• Pravarsena II wrote ‘Setubandha’. ‘Harivijaya’ was composed by Sarvasena, the founder of the Vatsagulm branch of Vakatakas.

• Many professions requiring specialized skills were practiced. 
• Ivory was obtained from the Malayagiri jungle. The Cholamandalam provinces were famous for excellent quality textiles. 
• Plain and coloured cotton cloth, as well as silk clothes, were produced in this province. 
• In the Chera kingdom, the fine cloth was produced. It was one of the important commodities in the IndoRoman trade. 
• The trade and industries in South India flourished during this period. 
• The goods produced in rural areas were brought for sale. 
• Shreni in South India played an important role in trade and the social system

(d) Sthanak – Thane

• In the kingdom of Cholas, Pandyas, Cheras, Vakatakas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, etc., many professions requiring specialized skills were practiced. 
• Ivory was obtained from the Malayagiri jungle. 
• The Cholamandalam provinces were well known for excellent quality textiles. 
• Plain and coloured cotton cloth, as well as silk cloth, was produced in this province. 
• The Chera kingdom produced fine cloth which was one of the important commodities in the Indo-Roman trade, Marco Polo has mentioned it in his travel accounts. 
• Cities like Paithan, Tagar (Ter), Nashik, etc. flourished because of it.
• The goods produced in rural areas were brought for sale in the cities.

1. Solar energy is the only viable fuel source of non – depleting nature for, Sun provides a free and renewable source of energy. 

2. It is the renewable type of energy without endangering the environment. 

3. It is the potential source to replace the fossil fuel in order to meet the needs of the world. With the advancements in science and technology, solar energy has become more affordable, and it can overcome energy crisis.

Octane Number: 

1. Octane rating is used for petrol

2. It measures the amount of octane present in petrol 

3. Octane number of petrol can be increased by adding benzene or toluene.

Cetane Number: 

1. Cetane rating is used for diesel 

2. It measures the ignition delay of the fuel in diesel engine. 

3. Cetane number of diesel can be increased by adding acetone. 

4. The fuel with high cetane number has low octane number

4. The fuel with high octane number has low cetane number

Correct Answer is (c) Maurya

Wind mills are mostly located at Kayathar, Aralvaimozhi, Palladam and Kudimangalam in Tamil Nadu.

The tradition of writing poetry and grammar was prevalent in south India from ancient times. 

The Sangham literature is the most ancient literature available. 

This literature is one of the main sources of the political history of south India.

Once upon a time, there was a king by name, Robert Bruce. He was both brave and wise in spite of the defeat he had faced recently. Battle after battle Bruce had fought and was lying on the ground in a dejected mood. He had failed to defeat his enemies and hence was almost giving up another attempt against his foes.

It seemed to him that there was no use for him to try to do anything more. As Robert Bruce lay contemplating and looking at the ceiling, he noticed a spider falling over his head trying to weave her web. He watched her as she worked slowly and with great care. Nine times the spider tried to throw her thread from one edge of the dilapidated room wall to another.

All the nine times her thread fell short. Success was not the spider’s cup of tea. King Robert Bruce too was in a similar situation. Victory over his enemies was not his cup of tea. But to his astonishment, he saw the spider climbing up once more. At last, it succeeded in reaching the roof. Now, King Robert Bruce was inspired by the spider which did not lose hope.

He dismissed his defeat and hopeless nature and swung to action. So he got up and called his men together. He instructed his men of his plans and sent them out with hopeful messages to cheer the discouraged people. Very soon, he set out with an army of brave men around him and now Success was his!

Santiago, Ranthambore and Bevis happily started for their underwater expedition to the extreme northern coastal area of Charlotte islands. They were well equipped and it was one of the usual underwater expedition. However, 19th May, 1968 wasn’t quite the normal one. The ship, ‘Probably Never Sinks’ did sink into the sea. The three of them dove into the sea 150 miles before Charlotte island.

This disaster turned a blessing in disguise for the three of them. They did find a lot of underwater sea creatures and many coral reefs. Ranthambore, who was a specialist at venturing deep into coral reefs spotted a visage of a fallen emperor.

On being alerted with flashlights, Santiago and Bevis helped Ranthambore to push aside and take the ruin to the surface of the ocean. To their astonishment, they were awestruck at the chest of precious stones under it. They rejoiced at their luck yet knew their civic responsibilities and proceeded towards the Department of Tourism. All the local newspapers and television channels reported their marvellous experience

Path of knowledge is Juana marg.

(c) Acquisition of wealth – Artha

Artha refers to the acquisition of wealth through the path of righteousness through hard work.

(a) Path of Knowledge – Jnana Marg

Sadhus are people who choose the path of Asceticism

(i) Recovery of loans, (ii) Borrowing by government

The Transgender Persons Act was passed in the year 2019

Capital Receipts are the receipts which either reduce assets or create liability.

Women of the past were generally the keeper of the home. She made the family’s clothes; provided meal and took care of the home needs. She catered to her children all of this by herself until the female children were old enough to be of use. She was more a husband’s slave. She had no power to decide and just obeyed her husband’s orders. But today the role in the family that women play is more so an equal partnership to the man. They both work together to make the family function. Many a times, it is a single mom trying to mn the household chores. She works outside the home and inside the home; feeds her children a home and does whatever she can. She plays the role of a mother and a father sometimes. She does take decisions for the welfare of her family.

Now-a-days women have the freedom to be what they want to be, who they want to be and how they want to live. Never before, women had the degree of freedom and self-determination they are experiencing today in this modem society. Yet there are problems and obstacles to be overcome. Sometimes, one feels that the young women of yesterday were freed from a style that narrowed them in numerous ways, only to be forced into another style that confines them today. Women should be free to choose whatever career or lifestyle interests them. Women are surely accepted as our partners in life; our work place; and in our goals to survive and move on.

1. Name two educational changes. 

• The medium of instruction in high school now became English which also became the common language of communication among the learned people. 
• Schools and colleges were open to all individuals, irrespective of caste, creed, gender, etc.

• The economic system got transformed by industrial growth and the process of urbanization. Caste-based skills and occupations and social relationships gradually changed due to the impact of a changing economy and the rise of factories. 
• New revenue systems were started by the British in different parts of India which affected the peasants adversely. There was the commercialization of agriculture also. The subsistence economy was replaced by a market system that was profit-oriented.

• A new judiciary system was created, which took into consideration the earlier legal traditions of the Indian communities. However, its implementation was carried out on a secular basis, each individual judged on an equal basis, irrespective of one’s caste and creed. 
• The authority of feudal lords and zamindars was abolished, affecting the gradual spread of democratic values into Indian society.

(a) The Sati Prohibition Act – 1829

Similarities between the status of women in the Later Vedic:

• The status of Hindu women in India has been fluctuating. It has gone through several changes during various historical stages. 
• The Rig-Vedic society was a free society. During later Vedic, Women were deprived of the Upanayana ceremony and thereby of education. Many evil social practices, like the practice of prepuberty marriages, denial of the right of women to education and also to mate selection, etc. were imposed on women. Efforts have been taken to improve the status of women. According to India’s Constitution, women are legal citizens of the country and have equal rights with men. 
• Because of the lack of acceptance from the male dominant society, Indian women suffer immensely. Women are responsible for bearing children, yet they are malnourished and in poor health. Most Indian women are uneducated, the constitutional dream of gender equality is miles away from becoming a reality. 
• Even today, ‘the mainstream remains very much a male stream’. 
• As compared to the past, the status of women in modern times has changed a lot but in reality, they have to still travel a long way.

Monks in Buddhist monasteries were called Bhikkus

The Eightfold Path is composed of eight primary teachings that Buddhists follow and use in their everyday lives:

• Right View or Right Understanding: Insight into the true nature of reality 
• Right Intention: The unselfish desire to realize enlightenment 
• Right Speech: Using speech compassionately 
• Right Action: Using ethical conduct to manifest compassion 
• Right Livelihood: Making a living through ethical and no harmful means 
• Right Effort: Cultivating wholesome qualities and releasing unwholesome qualities 
• Right Mindfulness: Whole body-andmind awareness
• Right Concentration: Meditation or some other dedicated, concentrated practice 
• In Buddhist symbolism, the Noble Eightfold Path is often represented by means of the dharma wheel (dharma chakra), in which its eight spokes represent the eight elements of the path.

Correct option is (c) Saint Thomas – Christianity

(c) The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act – 1856

For example, the State of Karnataka, having Kannada as an official language and native language spoken. English is also preferred for communication due to the spread of higher education and burgeoning IT industry. 

The major linguistic minority groups in the state are comprised of Urdu, Telugu, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam, Marathi, Konkani and Hindi speakers. Apart from this, there are 50 tribal languages, besides the speakers of 22 scheduled languages

We find the Tulu language spoken by people of southern coastal Karnataka. Malayalam is spoken near the coastal and borders of Kerala and Karnataka. Telegu and Tamil is used in the northeast and southeast of Karnataka districts bordering Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Marathi is spoken in the Karnataka and Maharashtra borders. 

Kannada is one of the classical languages of India. Tigalari script is the oldest surviving script, used by Brahmins to write the Sanskrit language. Kannada script is used for writing Tulu due to the non-availability of Tulu script. 

Hence, Karnataka is one of the few states which has a great variety when it comes to languages

• Discuss the factors of unification and diversification of Indian society. 
• Unifying forces like festivals, religious celebrations exist throughout the many cultures in our nation. Every region has its own unique history which has shaped its present. Our country is multi-linguistic, multi-cultural, and secular this gives us a sense of oneness. 
• Dividing forces like disrespect toward other religions, terrorism, student unrest, the absence of strong ideal leaders, the vested interest of political parties, and other such factors create unrest in the society.

This statement is False.

After Independence, the goals and programmes of the country have seen numerous changes. Some significant factors that have affected India after 1947.

Constitution of India:

• The Constitution of India was framed by the Constituent Assembly which was founded on 6th December 1946 to write the Constitution of India. 
• The head of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution was Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
• It is a document based on the strengths of the diversity of Indian society. It cherishes the goals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. It supports secularism. 
• There have been numerous amendments to the Indian Constitution. A recent change has been the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 which gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir.

Economy: The economic growth of India recently was guided by Planned Development, through twelve Five-Year Plans till 2017. Each plan period has had its own objectives. It was in 1991, globalisation was introduced in India which has its share of positives and negative sides.

Since 2014, changes such as demonetization, single taxation policy under GST, welfare schemes, borderless trade practices, Swachh Bharat drives, promoting entrepreneurship, etc. have been key points.

Education: There has been a significant expansion of the number of anganwadis, schools, universities, deemed universities, autonomous institutions, IITs (Indian Institute of Technology), IIMs (Indian Institute of Management), IIITs (Indian Institute of Information Technology), NITs (National Institute of Technology), vocational programmes, open learning, online education, self-learning opportunities and so on.

• Enrolment numbers have been swelling beyond control in several cases. 
• The number of teachers has also risen. 
• The Draft New Education Policy has been formulated in 2019.

Many of the educated elite took to the lifestyle of the British with respect to food habits, dressing, customs, mannerisms, attitudes, beliefs, language, sports, and entertainment, etc. Eminent Indian sociologist, M. N. Srinivas referred to this process of imitation of the British, as ‘Westerisation’.

The impact of Western culture has been classified into four types by Alatas. They are :

• eliminative changes (i.e., fading out of cultural elements) 
• additive changes (i.e., new cultural additions) 
• supportive changes (i.e., changes that support existing cultural traits) 
• synthetic changes (i.e., the synthesis of old and new culture)

Examples: Drinking tea and coffee, changes in eating habits, using the dining table, crockery, and cutlery, hugging and kissing as a form was adopted universally, western sports like cricket, became popular.

Chinese traveller Fa – hien visited India during Harsha’s reign.

1. Albuquerque 

2. Goa 

3. Holland 

4. Portuguese 

5. French

The chinese traveller Fa – hien came to India during the reign of Chandragupta Vikramaditya.

INSV Tara-Tarini after undergoing extensive sea trials was commissioned to the Indian Navy service on 18th February, 2017.

1. (c) women at work

2. (b) Information Technology, Environmental, Technical Field

3. (c) Medicine

4. (d) Administration / Human Resources

5. (d) 5

Indian Navy’s all-women crew was skippered by Lt. Commander Vartika Joshi. The other members in the women team were Lt. Cdr. Pratibh Jamwal, Lt. Cdr. Swathi Patarapalli, Lt. Aishwarya Boddapati, Lt. Sh. Vijaya Devi and Lt. Payal Gupta.

Tripitkas is the sacred literature of Buddhism.