Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The olden days Kalinga is the present day Orissa.

Correct Answer is: (b) guilds

(c) Both (a) and (b)

India is the second largest producer of agricultural products.

• A better economy introduces rapid development of the capital market
• Standard of living has increased
• Better trade, therefore more employment
• Introduction of new technologies 
• New scientific research patterns .
• Increases GDP of a country 
• Increase free flow of goods and
• Increase FDI – Foreign Direct Investment

Fiscal Responsibility and Management Act.

On the last day of February.

The major components of non-plan revenue expenditure in developing countries are as follows: 

1. Expenditure on defence services, 

2. Interest payments on borrowings. 

3. Subsidies on food, fertilizers, cooking gas etc. 

4. and Law and order.

Congress was dependent on social communities such as women, oppressed classes, tribal and minorities to win the elections.

Congress(O) was headed by then congress President, S Nijalingappa and Congress(R) was headed by Indira Gandhi.

It came out in public during the Presidential Elections in 1969.

The reasoning given by Ram Manohar Lohiya was that the Congress Government is anti-democratic and not in favour of poor people.

Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru. She had participated in the Indian Independence Movement as a youth worker within the INC. She was elected as the president of the INC in 1958 and was later appointed as a minister in 1964 in Shastri’s Central Government. After the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, she became the Prime Minister of India and subsequently won the elections in 1967, 1971 and 1980. She has been credited with nationalization of banks, abolition of privy purses and leading India to victory in War of 1971 with Pakistan. Although, she has been criticized for extending the period of ‘Emergency’ in India. Indira Gandhi was assassinated in October 1984.

Congress(R), led by Indira Gandhi came to be known as the real Congress.

Indira Gandhi government nationalized 14 big banks and ended the Privy Purse.

People in general had feared that after Nehru’s death, India would not be able to resolve issue of succession like other newly independent countries. They feared that if democracy would remain in India, that could give rise to the dictatorship in politics. They also had feared if the new successor would be able to resolve the challenges faced by the country.

The syndicate within the Congress played an important role in making Indira Gandhi the Prime Minister of India.

Indira Gandhi was a Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977 and then from 1980 to 1984.

The decade of 1960 is known as ‘Dangerous Decade’ because India had lost a major War with China. Subsequently, Jawaharlal Nehru passed away and there was a fear of failing democratic succession within India. Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister and had to face a War with Pakistan and grim economic crisis. Subsequently, Lal Bahadur Shastri passed away and Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. The political uncertainty and economic crisis led to this decade being called a ‘Dangerous Decade’.

During her Election campaign in 1971 general election, Indira Gandhi stressed upon public sector growth, rural landownership, and delimitation of urban property, end of disparity in income and opportunity, and termination of Privy Purse as election agendas. She also tried to muster support of oppressed classes, tribes, minority, women and unemployed youth by giving slogan of ‘Garibi Hatao’.

Indira Gandhi conveyed the people that the Opposition had only one program of ‘Remove Indira’ (Indira Hatao). On the other hand, she had given a positive program in front of the people under the ‘Remove Poverty’ (Garibi Hatao) slogan. She also pressed upon programs like Public Sector growth, rural landownership, and delimitation of urban property, end of disparity in Income and opportunity and termination of Privy Purse. By giving the “Garibi Hatao” slogan, Indira Gandhi had tried to generate support in communities such as landless farmers, untouchables, tribes, religious minorities, women and unemployed youth.

Due to the shortage of essential items, their prices increased rapidly. People then started to revolt on the issue of inflation of essential commodities, shortage of food grains and unemployment due to bad economic situation. Call for strikes and bans were frequent in the country. The popularity of the government dropped and it began to counter this as Law and Order situation rather than an economic situation.

(i) (c)

(ii) (d)

(iii) (b)

(iv) (a)

Causes of split in the Congress Party in 1969.

The 1969 Presidential election brought out the rivalry between Syndicate and Congress in open. The post of President fell vacant due to the death of Zakir Hussain. Despite Mrs. Gandhi’s reluctance, Congress managed to nominate her opponent and Lok Sabha speaker, N. Sanjeeva Reddy as official candidate of Congress. Indira Gandhi, retaliated by encouraging the then vice-president V.V. Giri to file nomination papers as an independent candidate. She even took step like nationalisation of fourteen leading private banks, abolition of privy purse, etc. Morarji Desai, Deputy Premier left her cabinet due to differences over this issue.

This time, both the groups of Congress were ready for a showdown. Congress President S. Nijalingappa issued a whip asking all Congress MPs and MLAs to vote for N. Sanjeeva Reddy. Indira Gandhi on the other hand appealed for a conscience vote by Congressmen. The election resulted in victory of V.V. Giri independent candidate and defeat of Sanjeeva Reddy, official Congress candidate.

Furious for breaking party discipline, the Congress President Nijalingappa and the Syndicate removed two Indira loyalists from Congress Working Committee (CWC). In retaliation, Indira Gandhi group without approval of CWC requisitioned a meeting of All India Congress Committee (AICC). The AICC meeting of supporters of Indira Gandhi removed Nagalingappa from the post of Congress President. 

This divided Congress into two groups:

a. Congress(R) for “Requisitionist” supporting Indira Gandhi. 

b. Congress(O) for “Organisation” led by old syndicates.

Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisaan’.

The Congress won 352 seats in 1971 General election.

Lal Bahadur Shastri took charge of the Prime Minister’s post on 9^th June, 1964.

Restitution in simple term means Re-establishment. Indira Gandhi was in conflict with the old leadership of the INC and created a new Congress organization. Congress (R) was popular but lacked strong organization. This party won the election but the win was dependent on particular communities such as poor, women, Scheduled Castes and tribes and minorities. Indira Gandhi reinstated Congress Party system but changed the basic nature of Congress Culture.

The Indira Gandhi led government lost the election in 1977. The Janata Party formed the government under Morarji Desai. The government was a coalition among multiple parties and leaders that have led agitations and protests against the Emergency. There was a conflict in the party due to differing ideological and policy views among the leaders. The Janata Party split and the government that was led by Morarji Desai lost its majority in less than 18 months. Another government headed by Charan Singh was formed on the support of the Congress party but the Congress party later decided to withdraw its support. This caused the Charan Singh government to fall within four months. Therefore, fresh Lok Sabha elections were held in January 1980. The Janata Party suffered a large defeat while the Congress under Indira Gandhi won the majority of the seats and formed the government.

J.P. Narayan got support from the Jan Sangh, Congress (O), Indian Lokdal and Socialist Party and other Non-Congress parties.

President’s Rule was imposed in Gujarat.

Answer is: Hasan Gangu

During Krishnadevaraya’s reign, the kingdom of Vijaynagar extended from Cuttack in the east up to Goa in the West and from the Raichur Doab in the North up to the Indian Ocean in the South.

Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughluque

Answer is: Govind III

It lacked direction, leadership and coordination of party members.

Correct option is (a) Ashtadhyayi – Panini

Thutmose I’s daughter Hatshepsut was the first woman Empress.

Correct option is (b) Meghdoot

1. Ratnamalika and Kavirajmarg

2. Rameshwar Mahadev

Correct option is  (b) Kol Bheel

During the rule of Harshavardhan in North India, the Chalukya dynasty ruled in the south for approximately 200 years. Jaising was the founder of this dynasty. At the beginning of the 6th century C.E. he established his capital at Vatapi (Badami). His grandson Pulakeshin I was the first important king of the Chalukyas. He built the fort of Badami. He performed the Ashwamedha sacrifice and took up the title of ‘Maharaja’. He also took titles like ‘Prithvivallabha’ and ‘Satyashraya’.

1. Ajanta and Ellora

2. Aihole, Badami and Pattadakala

3. Kanchi and Mahabalipuram

4. Madurai

5. Chera

From the 6th century C.E. to the 9th century C.E., the Pallavas were known as the most powerful rulers in South India. Historians vary in their views regarding the origin of the Pallavas. Some copperplates of the Pallavas are found. There is a mention of Sinhavarman and Shivaskandavarman Pallava who ruled over the regions of the eastern coast. Kanchi was the capital of the Pallavas. We get detailed information about the Pallava dynasty beginning from the reign of Simhavishnu. He conquered the province of Cholas and extended his rule from Krishna to Kaveri. After Simhavishnu, his son Mahendravarman ascended the throne. He was a great scholar. He wrote the Sanskrit play ‘Mattavilasa’. He wrote books on subjects like music, dance, sculpture, painting, etc.

(a) cultural Exchange

Correct option is  (b) Kanchi

(d) Shilaharas

(b) Natural gas

(B) Mohib Hussain

(A) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar