Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

40 crore tonnes of food grains would be required for the population of India at the end of 21st century (Almost 160 to 170 crores of population).

Animal husbandry.

Acceleration is zero as force, are internal forces.  

The radial component of a force does not contribute towards torque. 

Vector (A x B) = ABsin θ cap x

If VectorA and VectorB are parallel to each other

θ = 0^o 

⇒Vector (A x B) = 0

The centre of mass of a rectangular lamina is the point of intersection of diagonals.  

A wheel 0.5m in radius is moving with a speed of 12m/s. find its angular speed? 

Correct option is: (c) Read Only Memory

Correct option is: (d) Operating System

Correct option is: (a) Program

Avogadro's Hypothesis:-

This law, was enunciated in 1811 by Avogadro. According to this law:

"Equal volume of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules."

Volume = A constant x Number of moles

(Temperature and pressure held constant) The converse of Avogadro's law is also true. Equal number of molecules of all gases occupy equal volumes under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. It follows that one gram molecular mass of any gas (containing 6.023 x 10²³ molecules) will occupy the same volume under the same conditions. The volume occupied by one gram molecular mass of any gas at 0°C and 760 mm pressure of mercury is 2.4 dm³ (litres) is called the gram molecular volume or simply molar volume.

Avogadro's law: According to this law, "Equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules." Mathematically,

V\(\propto\)n

Where n = number of moles of gas the number of molecules in one mole of a gas has been determined to be 6.022 x 10²³ and is called Avogadro constant.

Avogadro‟s law states that “equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules”. Or

Avogadro‟s law can also be stated as “the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its number of moles as long as the temperature and pressure are kept constant”.

Mathematically, Vα n at constant P & T or V = kn at constant P& T. 

Answer is (a) 31

Correct option is C) 1, 4

• Black money circulation in the parallel economy is a big menace to the economy. 
• It is also a cause of big loss in the tax revenues for the government. As such it needs to be curbed. 
• Its elimination will benefit the economy in more than one way. It will also generate more revenues for the government.

• The money required for the different functions of the government is collected as taxes. 
• The taxes collected constitute the revenue of the government. 
• Revenues are necessary to finance the expenditures of the government.
• To fulfil various roles, the government must have adequate money, which it gets from taxes.

The tax on services is called ‘service tax’.

Some common examples of service tax include speed post, telephone, mobile communication, restaurants, AC class/first class train travel.

Value Added Tax (VAT), Service tax, Excise duty, Income tax, Property tax, Customs duty, etc.

(i). H₂O – Compound 

(ii). He – Element 

(iii). Cl₂ – Element 

(iv). CO – Compound 

(v). Co – Element

The given statement best describes about a compound having different property from those of its constituents.

Mixtures consist of two or more constituents in any proportion which is either distinct or indistinct. Whereas solution are homogenous mixture which is completely mixed and can be separated.

Water is a compound formed by the element’s hydrogen and oxygen. Air, pond water, soda water are examples of mixtures.

Sulphur is an element, water is a compound and air is a mixture.

(a)An element is made up of only one kind of atoms. 

(b)Brine is a mixture whereas alcohol is a compound. 

(c)Brass is an alloy which is considered a mixture. 

(d)The three important metalloids are boron, silicon and germanium. 

(e)The elements which are sonorous are called metals.

The correct answer is (c) Silica

A] Indicates heating
B] Indicates heating
C] Indicates cooling
D] Indicates cooling.
E] Indicates sublimation.
F] Indicates sublimation.

Elements are pure substances which cannot be further broken down into simpler substances. Carbon dioxide gas, sulphur dioxide gas, nitrogen dioxide gas are examples of compounds and they can be further broken down into elements by chemical reactions.

Balanced equation: S + 6HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O 

Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation

S + HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + NO₂ + H₂O

Step 2: Compare the number of atoms of reactants with the number of atoms of products.

Step 3: Now, first let us consider nitrogen atom. If we multiply 6 in the reactant (HNO₃) and product (in NO₂), we will get the equal number of atoms.

Step 4: Write the resulting equation:

S + 6HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + H₂O

Step 5: Now check whether the equation is balanced or not by comparing the atoms

We find that the equation is not balanced yet. As the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms are unequal on the two sides. 

First balance the oxygen atom.

Step 6: If we multiply 2 in the product (in H₂O) and 6, we will get the equal number of oxygen atoms on both sides.

Step 7: Write the resulting equation:

S + 6HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O

Step 8: Now check whether the equation is balanced or not by comparing the atoms.

Step 9: Write the resulting equation:

S + 6HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O

We find that the equation is balanced now.

Step 10: Write down the final balanced equation:

S + 6HNO₃→ H₂SO₄ + 6NO₂ + 2H₂O

Homogeneous mixtures are mixtures in which the constituent substances are mixed well and have a uniform composition throughout.
Options (a), (b) & (d) are homogeneous mixtures.
Starch Solution is heterogenous mixture. The starch solution is a suspension and not a solution.

The crystals look similar and as such, they are pure since the impurity has already been removed in the filtration step where prior to evaporation the solution was filtered to remove any impurity.

‘Pure’ word means that there is no mixing in a substance. But according to scientific language all things are mixture of so many substances, not of single one. That’s why they are not pure. E.g., Milk, water, fat, etc.

Substance : A substance is a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kind of matter by any physical process. A pure substance is made up of same kind of elements

Most of the substances in our surroundings are not in their pure form and are called mixture.

Substances which are made of two or more matters and which can be separated by physical methods are known as mixtures, such as mixture of salt and water, mixture of sugar and water, mixture of different gases, air, etc.

In a mixture, components do not combine chemically or through any chemical change. In a mixture, components do not lose their properties.

Mixtures are of two types on the basis of their composition :

(i) Homogeneous mixture and

(ii) Heterogeneous mixture.

Matters can be classified into two types : 

(i) Pure substances and 

(ii) Impure substances.

(i) Pure substances – Pure substances are of two types – Elements and Compounds.

(ii) Impure substances – All mixture are considered as impure substances.

It is also pure substance like elements. But it represents a combination of two or more than two elements which are combined chemically.

“A pure substance containing two or more elements which are combined together in a fixed proportion by mass”

Example: H₂O (water), CO₂ (Carbon dioxide),NH₃ (Ammonia) etc.

The compounds have been classified into two types. These are: 

(a) Inorganic compounds: These compounds have been mostly obtained from non-living sources such as rocks and minerals. A few examples of inorganic compounds are: common salt, marble, washing soda, baking soda, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulphuric acid etc. 

(b) Organic compounds: The word ‘organ’ relates to different organs of living beings. Therefore, organic compounds are the compounds which are obtained from living beings i.e., plants and animals. It has been found that all the organic compounds contain carbon as their essential constituent. Therefore, the organic compounds are quite often known as ‘carbon compounds’. A few common examples of organic compounds are: methane, ethane, propane (all constituents of cooking gas), alcohol, acetic acid, sugar, proteins, oils, fats etc.

Placentation refers to the arrangement of within the ovary of flower. 

(a) Marginal placentation 

(b) Axile placentation 

(c) Parietal placentation 

(d) Free central placentation

The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is turned as inflorescence. Depending on whether the apex gets converted into a flower or continues to grow, two major types of the inflorescence are definedracemose and cymose. This forms the basis for the different types of inflorescence in flowering plants.

Correct answer is (a) 150

The answer is (b) stem, roots and leaves

• Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction occur in plants. 
• In vegetative reproduction new plant is produced from vegetative parts of the plants such as roots, stem, leaf and buds. 
• In vegetative reproduction plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent plant to have all its characteristics

Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plant.

• By using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plants which produce both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells.

• These two RNAs are complementary to each other and form a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that initiates RNAi and hence silence the specific mRNA of the nematode.

• The parasite cannot survive in the transgenic host, so protects the plants from pests.

Cry IAb provides resistance to corn plants and Cry IAc and Cry IIAb provide resistance to cotton plants.

Source of cry gene is Bacillus thuringiensis.

The following type of cry genes are isolated from it: cryIAc, cryIIAb, cryIAb.

The introduction of cry gene acts as biopesticide. The cry gene produce crystals of toxic insecticidal protein. The activated toxin causes death of the insect.

It is a transgenic tomato variety which has blocked production of polygalacturonase.

It is a transgenic variety of cotton which contains a foreign gene obtained from bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis.

(a) Short statured / small round head / furrowed tongue / partially open mouth / palm is broad / physical development retarded / psychomotor development retarded / mental development retarded. 

(b) both / male and female 

(c) Klinefelter's syndrome 

(d) male 

(e) sterile ovaries / rudimentary ovaries, lack of secondary sexual characters. 

(f) female.

a. Short stature/small round head/furrowed tongue/partially open mouth/ mental development retarded. 

b. Both. 

c. Klinefelter’s syndrome 

d. Male 

e. i. Sterile ovaries; 

ii. Lack of secondary sexual characters. 

f. Female

(d) Pyramid of biomass in sea is upright because fishes feed on standing crop of planktons.