Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Imperfect competition is that market situation which lies in the intermediate position of monopoly and perfect competition. Here, the number of buyers and sellers are less, and they don’t have complete knowledge about the market.

Two characteristics of perfect competition are the following:

1. The firm is acceptor of price and not the determiner.
2. Products are homogenous in market.

Monopoly is a market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique in the market. In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute. He enjoys the power of setting the price for his goods.

This concept implies that only those transactions, which can be expressed in terms of money, are recorded in the accounts. Since, money serves as the medium of exchange transactions expressed in money are recorded and the ruling currency of a country is the measuring unit for accounting. Transactions which do not involve money will not be recorded in the books of accounts. For example, working conditions in the work place, strike by employees, efficiency of the management, etc. will not be recorded in the books, as they cannot be expressed in terms of money.

The two characteristics of oligopoly are:

1. Number of sellers is less.
2. Mutual dependence is clearly seen among sellers.

Oligopoly is an important form of imperfect competition where there are few firms in the market producing either homogeneous products or close substitutes.

Marginal revenue is the addition made to the total revenue by selling one more unit of a commodity. It is the change in total revenue which results from the sale of one (or one less) unit of a commodity. MR = TR/AQ (Here A denotes change).

Average revenue refers to the rate at which the output is sold. AR is the price of the product.

Monopolistic market or imperfect competition is a real and practical concept of the market. It is found in every economy.

(b) Total Revenue

Correct answer is (d) 10

The financial condition of any firm is evaluated on the basis of average revenue and average cost. When both of these are equal, the firm is in the normal profit position.

In the case of an oligopoly market, the seller’s demand curve is uncertain. In this market, the demand curve is distorted, which reflects the price persistence in the market.

We get total revenue by multiplying the value of the item with the quantity of sold items.

Correct option is C) Excretion

Correct option is: (B) Quartz

Reducing agents are those substances which have the ability of adding hydrogen or removing oxygen from the other substances.
So ,

(a) Ammonia (NH₃)

(b) Water (H₂O) as F₂ is getting reduced to HF 

(c) Carbon monoxide (CO)

(d) Hydrogen 

Equation B is Balanced. 

Reason: In equation, A number of Cl atoms in LHS is 2 But in RHS number of atoms is 4. Hence it is not balanced. But in equation B number of each atom in LHS is equal to number of that atom in RHS.

(a)  x → (s) y → (aq) 

(b) x →2Ag 

(c) x → (aq) y → (g) 

(d) x→ Heat 

(a) Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Kl(aq) → PbI₂(s) + 2KNO₃(aq) 

Hence, x is (s) and y is (aq) (s) means PbI₂ exists in solid state and (y) means that KNO₃ exists in aqueous/liquid state. 

(b) Cu(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s) 

Hence, x is Ag(s) In the above reaction, Ag gets replaced by Cu. 

(c) Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂(g)

Hence, x is (aq) and y is (g) (aq) means copper sulphate formed exists in aqueous state. (g) Means hydrogen gas is liberating. 

(d) CaCO₃(s) \(\overset{heat}\longrightarrow\)CaO(s) + CO₂ (g)

Hence x is heat 

When CaCO₃ is heated in the presence of oxygen, it forms calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide.

(i) Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl → MgCl₂ +2H₂O 

(ii) N₂ +3H₂→ 2NH₃ 

(iii) P₄+5O₂ → 2P₂O₅ 

Reason: Number of atoms on both sides of the equation should be equal for balanced equations.

Skeletal Equation: KBr(aq) + BaI₂(aq) → KI(aq) + BaBr₂(s) 

Balanced Equation: 2KBr(aq) + BaI₂(aq) → 2KI(aq) + BaBr₂(s)

Verification: 

There are 2 atoms of K present in LHS and 2 atoms in RHS. Similarly, atoms of I, Br, Ba are also the same in both sides. This is what a balanced equation means

(i) To get the missing component we have to think that in product we got sulphate salt (BaSO₄) so in reactant there must be some other sulphate must be present so that double displacement reaction could happen. 

So, the complete reaction is: 

BaCl₂ + ‘Na₂So₄’ → NaCl + BaSO₄↓ 

(ii) In this reaction, we can clearly see displacement reaction is taking place in which copper displaces silver nitrate and forms copper nitrate and silver. 

So, the complete reaction is: 

Cu + AgNO₃→ Cu(NO₃)₂ + 'Ag' 

(iii) We can guess after seeing this reaction that it must be decomposition reaction as a single reactant breaks into 2 products bus there is only one thing missing i.e. heat is not written on the arrow now it is thermal decomposition reaction. 

So, the complete reaction is

CaCO₃ \(\overset{heat}\longrightarrow\) CaO + CO₂

Taj Mahal is an example of corrosion of marble. The discoloration of its marble is due to corrosion. 

Air primarily consists of various pollutant gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide etc which mix with moisture in air to form acids such as carbonic acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid. This acid comes down as acid rain and causes corrosion of marble statues and monuments. Marble which is composed of calcium carbonate reacts with the different acids which is given as follow:- 

CO₂ + H₂O + CaCO₃→ Ca (HCO₃). 

CaCO₃ + H₂SO₄→ CaSO₄ + CO + H₂O. 

The compound formed are water soluble and are easily washed away. Thus blackening of marble surface is the corrosion of marble surface due to the formation of side products of calcium.

Magnesium combines with atmospheric oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

2Mg + O₂→2MgO

(i) 4H₂S + 2SO₂ → 6S + 4H₂O

(ii) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

To obey the law of conservation of mass; so that the number of atoms of each element before and after the reaction remain the same.

The external dimensions of the box are

Length = 36cm

Breadth = 25cm

Height = 16.5cm

We know that

External volume of the box = l × b × h

By substituting the values

External volume of the box = 36 × 25 × 16.5

So we get

External volume of the box = 14850 cm³

It is given that the box is 1.5cm thick throughout

Internal length of the box = (36 – (1.5 × 2))

So we get

Internal length of the box = 33 cm

Internal breadth of the box = (25 – (1.5 × 2))

So we get

Internal breadth of the box = 22cm

Internal height of the box = (16.5 – 1.5)

So we get

Internal height of the box = 15cm

We know that

Internal Volume of the box = l × b × h

By substituting the values

Internal Volume of the box = 33 × 22 × 15

By multiplication

Internal volume of the box = 10890 cm³

So the volume of iron used in the box = External volume of box – internal volume of box

By substituting the values

Volume of iron used in the box = 14850 – 10890 = 3960 cm³

It is given that

Weight of 1cm³ of iron = 15g = 15/1000 kg

So the weight of 3960 cm³ of iron = 3960 × (15/1000)

We get

Weight of 3960 cm³ of iron = 59.4 kg

Therefore, the volume of iron used in the box is 3960 cm³ and the weight of the empty box is 59.4 kg.

It is given that

Volume of cuboid = 1536 m3

Length of cuboid = 16m

Consider breath as 3x and height as 2x

We know that

Volume of cuboid = l × b × h

By substituting the values

1536 = 16 × 3x × 2x

On further calculation

1536 = 96 x²

So we get

x² = 1536/96

x² = 16

By taking the square root

x = √16

We get

x = 4m

Substituting the value of x

Breadth of cuboid = 3x = 3(4) = 12m

Height of cuboid = 2x = 2(4) = 8m

Therefore, the breadth and height of the cuboid are 12m and 8m.

We know that, 

Surface area of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl) 

= 2 (10 × 4 + 10 × 3 + 4 × 3) 

= 2 (40 + 30 + 12) 

= 164 cm² 

Hence, option C is correct

We know that, 

Volume of a cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height 

= 9 × 0.4 × 0.2 

= 0.72 m³ 

Therefore, 

Weight = 0.72 × 50 

= 36 kg

We know that 1m=100cm

Dimension of the tank is 1.05m and 70cm and 1.5cm.

Also we know that volume of cuboid = length × breadth × height

V = 105 × 70 × 1.5

V = 11025cm³

And we know that 1cm³= 8 grams

Weight of iron piece = 11025 × 8 = 88200g

But 1kg=1000g

Weight of iron piece = 88.2kg

We know that volume of cuboid = length × breadth × height

V = 16 × 12.5 × 4.5 = 900 m³

Also given that 3.6 m³ of air is required for each person

Therefore, total number of persons can be accommodated in a hall is

Total volume/ volume required by each person

= 900/3.6

= 250 people.

We know that 1cm= 0.01m

Given that area of courtyard is 3750 m²

Volume of the gravel = area × height

V = 3750 × 0.01 = 37.5 m³

Also given that the cost of covering it with gravel to a height of 1cm if the gravel costs

₹ 6.40 per cubic meter.

There the cost is 37.5 × 6.40 = ₹ 240

(i) We know that

Cost of painting inner curved surface of the vessel = cost of painting per m² × inner curved surface of vessel

By substituting the values

3300 = 30 × Inner curved surface of vessel

On further calculation

Inner curved surface of vessel = 110 m²

(ii) Consider r as the inner radius of the base

It is given that depth = 10m

We know that

Inner curved surface of vessel = 2 πrh

By substituting the values

110 = 2 × (22/7) × r × 10

So we get

r = (110 × 7)/ (2 × 22 × 10)

r = 1.75m

(iii) We know that

Capacity of the vessel = πr²h

By substituting the values

Capacity of the vessel = (22/7) × (1.75)² × 10

So we get

Capacity of the vessel = 96.25 m³

It is given that

Radius = 1.5m

Height = 280m

We know that

Volume of the tube well = πr²h

By substituting the values

Volume of the tube well = (22/7) × (1.5)² × 280

So we get

Volume of the tube well = 1980 m³

It is given that

Cost of sinking the tube well = ₹ (15 × 1980) = ₹ 29700

We know that

Curved surface area of tube well = 2 πrh

By substituting the values

Curved surface area of tube well = 2 × (22/7) × 1.5 × 280

So we get

Curved surface area of tube well = 2640 m²

It is given that

So the cost of cementing = ₹ (10 × 2640) = ₹ 26400

Therefore, cost of sinking the tube well is ₹ 29700 and the cost of cementing is ₹ 26400.

We know that

Area of sheet metal = Total cost/ Cost per m²

By substituting the values

Area of sheet metal = 6480/120

So we get

Area of sheet metal = 54 m²

So we get

Area of sheet metal = 2 (lb + bh + hl)

By substituting the values

54 = 2 (5 × 3 + 3 × h + h × 5)

On further calculation

27 = 15 + 3h + 5h

So we get

8h = 12

By division

h = 1.5m

Therefore, the height of sheet metal is 1.5m.

Given details are,

Side of cube = 4 cm

Volume of cube = (side) ³

= 4³ 

= 64 cm³

The given details are:

Length of a cuboid = 15 cm

Breadth of a cuboid = 2.5 dm = 25 cm

Height of a cuboid = 8 cm

By using the formula

Volume of a cuboid = length × breadth × height

= 15 × 25 × 8

= 3000 cm³

We have,

Weight of copper wire = 13.2 kg = 13200 gm

Diameter of wire = 4 mm

Radius of wire = d/2 = 4/2 = 2mm = 0.2cm

Let length of wire be ‘h’ cm

So,

Weight (Density) of 1 cubic cm wire = 8.4 gm

We know, volume = weight/density

Volume × density = weight

πr²h × 8.4 = 13200

22/7 × 0.2 × 0.2 × h × 8.4 = 13200

h = 13200×7 / 22×0.2×0.2×8.4

= 92400/7.392

= 12500 cm = 125m

∴ Length of 13.2kg of copper wire is 125 m.

As enzyme replacement therapy does not cure the disease completely, it requires periodic treatment.

Difference between the Dominance and Co-dominance:

Co-dominance is a condition in which both alleles of a gene pair in heterozygous condition are fully expressed, with neither one being dominant or recessive to the other. Thus, in co-dominance, we get a blending of dominant and recessive traits resulting in different phenotype.

Example 1:

Blood group ‘AB’ in humans is an example of co-dominance.

i. Blood group character is controlled by gene I, that exists in three allelic forms I^A, I^B and I^O.

ii. In I^A and I^B , superscripts A and B stand for glycoproteins (sugar polymers) that are found projecting from the surface of RBCs.

iii. The allele I^A produces glycoprotein A, while I^B produces glycoprotein B, allele I^O does not produce any of them.

iv. The allele I^A is dominant over I^O. I^B is also dominant over I^O. Allele I^A and I^B are co-dominant and express themselves when present together. Such RBCs have both the types of glycoproteins and blood group will be AB.

Example 2:

Roan coat colour in Cattle.

i. There are two types, one with red coat (skin with red colour hair) and the other with white coat (with white hair).

ii. When red cattle (RR) is crossed with white cattle (WW), F₁ hybrids (RW) have roan colour. Roans have the mixture of red and white colour hair.

iii. Thus, both the traits are expressed equally. In F₂ generation (produced by interbreeding of roans), red (RR), roans (RW) and white (WW) are produced in the ratio 1:2:1.

iv. Thus, in co-dominance also, genotypic and phenotypic ratios are identical.

The two impacts will be: 

1. Child will suffer from frequent illness as a result of weak immune responses. 

2. Other symptoms are muscle weakness, blurred vision etc.

Thymus provides micro-environment for the its degeneration will weaken the immune system so the child will be prone to frequent infections.

Thymus provides micro-environment for the development and maturation of Tlymphocytes. Its degeneration will weaken the immune system so the child will be prone to frequent infections.

First exposure to the infection works as vaccination, the immune system of the body gets familiar with the nature of microorganisms and specific antibodies can be produced against infection.

Correct answer is

(D) Only recessive allele express in hybrids.

B-cells and T-cells belong to the category of lymphocytes, i.e., leucocytes (WBC).

1. Histamine and serotonine from mast cells,

2. Anti-histamine drugs, adrenalin, and steroids.

Correct answer is

(D) both (B) and (C)

a. Taking smack is considered as abuse because it is highly addictive. It is a depressant and slows down body functions. It causes psychological and physical dependance. 

b. Its chemical name is diacetylmorphine and is obtained from poppy plant, Papaver Somniferum. 

c. Drugs taken intravenously (direct injection into the vein using a needle and syringe) are much likely to acquire serious infections like AIDS and hepatitis B. The viruses, which are responsible for these diseases are transferred from one person to another by sharing infected needles and syringes.