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An uneven distribution of population is seen in Rajasthan. The main characteristics of population distribution in Rajasthan are given below:

1. Scarce and scattered population is found in the western and north – western regions of Aravalli mountain range. 

2. A dense population is found in to the eastern and north – eastern plain regions of Aravalli mountain range. 

3. Population concentration is found to be more in some fertile regions of Aravallis, and also in mining areas. 

4. In western desert areas, population is seen centralized around water – sources.

Correct Answer is : (a) 2

The factors that highly affect the distribution of population are given below:

1. Physical Factors: Under this factor fluctuation of climate, soil, vegetation and means of irrigation are included.

2. Economic Factors: The economic factors which affect the population distribution in a region are availability of minerals, urbanization, industrial development and means of transportation. 

3. Socio – cultural factors: Under this factor, migration and mobility of labour is included. 

4. Political factors etc.

The Sansi tribe in Rajasthan is a Gypsy tribe.

The three main characteristics of the population in Rajasthan are given below:

1. Distribution of population in Rajasthan is uneven at large. 

2. According to the census of 2011, population density in Rajasthan is 200 people per square kilometer. 

3. Population of Rajasthan has increased rapidly during 20th century. In the first 50 years of this century it increased by one and half times, and during later 50 years by 3 times.

There are two groups of Meena tribe: 

1. Zamindar Meena. 

2. Chaukidar Meena.

Meena tribe mainly lives in districts of Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Alwar, Tonk, Bharatpur and Udaipur.

Two main fairs related to Damor Tribe are: 

1. Chhela Bavaji. 

2. Gyaras Ki Raiwadi.

There are four levels of panchayat in Meena tribe:

1. Gram panchayat (village panchayat). 

2. Gotra (clan) panchayat. 

3. Kshetriya (Regional) panchayat. 

4. Chaurasi panchayat.

(b) Simalwada Panchayat of Dungarpur District

The four steps in debugging are as follows:

1. Discovering of the bug 

2. Isolation of the bug 

3. Finding the bug 

4. Fixing the bug

Answer: LIKE operator

LIKE is a keyword that is used in the WHERE clause. Basically, LIKE allows us to do a search based operation on a pattern rather than specifying exactly what is desired (as in IN) or spell out a range (as in BETWEEN).

The syntax is as follows:
SELECT "column_name"
FROM "table_name"
WHERE "column_name" LIKE {PATTERN}

{PATTERN} often consists of wildcards.

In SQL, there are two wildcards:

% (percent sign) represents zero, one, or more characters.

_ (underscore) represents exactly one character.

The process of searching and correcting bugs (errors) in a program is called debugging and debugger is a program that is used as an aid to remove bugs from program. Bug in a small computer program causing a problem to crash the system or produce an invalid output.

(c) Expression of plants having smooth & wrinkled seeds in the F₂ generation.

Correct option is (c) Xylem

Since males have only one X chromosome gene for colour blindness, if present in any one parent will always be expressed, whereas in female it will be expressed only if it is present on both the X chromosomes, when both parents are carrying gene for colour blindness.

Detailed answer:

The colour blindness is found in about 8% of the males and only 0.4% of the females. The greater prevalence of the colour blindness in males is due to the presence in them of only one X chromosome and the hemizygous (X & Y) expression of the allele for colour blindness i.e. if gene for colourblindness is present in X-chromosome of male it will be always expressed while in case of females the incidence of disease of colour blindness is possible only in homozygous condition (X^cX^c) i.e. if both the X-chromosomes carry the allele (X^cX^c) for colour blindness. Occurrence of allele for colour blindness on one of the x chromosome makes the female a carrier X^CX.

(b) III and IV only

If Mendel choose characters that were located on the same chromosome then Mendel would not find the law of independent assortment.

MENDEL’S EXPERIMENT : 

(i) Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 in sillsian, a village in Heizendorf .He conducted hybridization experiments on garden pea for seven years. 

(ii) Material of the experiment: Mendel selected garden pea for his experiments due to following reasons: 

(a) Pea plants are generally self pollinated. 

(b) It can be easily cross pollinated. 

(c) Many varieties were available. 

(d) Life cycle of plants is short. 

(iii )Steps of the experiment : Mendel performed his experiments in three stages. 

Stage I – Selection of true breeding plant, as parents (For seven pairs of contrasting characters) 

Stage II – Hybridization of parents with contrasting character to obtain plants of first hybrid generation (F₁ generation) 

Stage III – Self pollination of F₁ plants to produce F₂ generation and selfing of F₂ plants to produce F₃ generation.

Results of Mendel’s experiment: 

1.Only one type of parental character appeared in F₁ generation. 

2. Both parental characters appeared in F₂ generation in the ratio of 3:1 in case of monohybrid cross. 

3. In dihybrid cross two parental and two new combinations of plants appeared in the ratio of 9:3:3:1.

(a) extinction

Mortality and Emigration

Its body is divided into three segments: head, thorax and abdomen. Cockroach Periplaneta americanais a terrestrial, nocturnal, omnivorous, unisexual, oviparous insect. Body covered by a chitinous, hard exoskeleton of hard plates called sclerites.

(1) Head : Triangular, formed by fusion of 6 segments. Bears a pair of antennae, compound eyes. Mouth parts consists of labrum (upper lip), a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, labium (lower lip), hypopharynx (acts as tongue). 

(2) Thorax : 3 segments; prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax. 

Bears 2 pairs of wings : 

Forewings : tegmina (mesothoracic). 

Hindwings : transparent, membranous (metathoracic) and 3 pairs of legs in thoracic segments. 

(3) Abdomen : 10 segments. Bears a pair of long, segmented anal cerci in both sexes and a pair of short, unjoined anal styles in males only. 

Also has anus and genital aperture at the hind end. Genital aperture surrounded by external genitalia called gonapophysis or phallomere.

a. a and d represents increase of population and b and c represent decrease of population.

b. N_t+1 = N_t + [(B + I) – (D + E)]

c. Here, N_t = 30; I = 5; E = 7 ; D = 6; B = 8

Putting the value in N_t+1 = N_t + [(B + I) – (D + E)]

N_t+1 = 30 + [(8 + 5) – (6 + 7)]

= 30 + [13 – 13] 

= 30 + 0 

= 30 rats

d. Immigration contributes the most.

Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosome was parallel to behavior of gene. 

1.Both genes and chromosome occur in pair 

2. Both of them segregated during gamete formation. 

On the basis of above observation Sutton and Boverui proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance which state that Mendelian factors (gene) are located on the chromosome and separation of the homologous chromosome lead to the segregation of a pair of factor they carried.

Linkage: The genes located on same chromosome remain linked together in passing from one generation to other generation due to the phenomenon of linkage. 

Example: Morgan conducted several dihybrid crosses in Drosophilla and observed that the two genes located on the same chromosome did not segregate independently of each other and F₂ ratio deviated very significantly from the 9:3:3:1. 

A cross between yellow body white eyed female Drososphilla to brown body red eyed male resulted following ratio. 

Parental Type – 97.7% 

Recombinant type – 1.3% 

The greater percentage of parental type is due to the phenomenon of Linkage.

A. Recessive trait.

B. Autosomal trait.

C. Genotypes of the parents in generation I is ‘Aa’ and ‘Aa’. Genotypes in generation II of third child is ‘aa’ and fourth child is ‘Aa’.

1:2:1 is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of incomplete dominance.

For sex determination in humans refer to Basic Concepts Point 13. 

In birds, female heterogamety is observed. They exhibit ZW type of sex determination. Both males and females have equal number of chromosomes. Female birds have one Z and one W chromosome whereas males have a pair of Z chromosomes.

6 genotypes are possible for 4 phenotypes of blood groups.

XO  is the mechanism of sex –determination in alarge no. of insects

Hydrogen combines with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form hydrogen chloride

• For the industrial production of ammonia and methanol 
• To saturate unsaturated oils 
• As a fuel

The density of hydrogen is less than that of air.

Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons mainly methane, ethane, propane, and butane.

Reactions, where an element in a compound is displaced by another element, is called displacement reactions/ Substitution reactions.

• Use of organic fertilizers 
• Use chemical fertilizers 
• Bio decomposition 
• Through nitrogen fixation

Natural gas is used as a fuel.

Merits: 

• Eco-friendly 
• Preserve the inmate nature of the soil

Limitation: 

• Biodegradation needs time so it cannot easy to absorbed by plants in time. 
• Presence of microorganism is necessary. 
• Storage and transportation not easy.

(a) Potassium permanganate concentrated HCl 

(b) It can absorb water vapour in the chlorine gas obtained 

(c) Bleaching powder is prepared by passing dry chlorine over dry slaked lime.

(a) it does not wet the glass

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is used as an alternative to petrol as automobile fuel.

1. (i) Thigmonasty

2. (i) TRUE

3. (i) TRUE

4. (i) TRUE

5. (ii) Large

1. (ii) Unequal

2. (i) TRUE

3. (ii) Fixed

4. (i) TRUE

5. (i) TRUE

Phosphorus is very reactive non metal. It catches fire if exposed in air so to prevent the contact of phosphorus with the atmospheric oxygen it is stored in water.

Sodium is most reactive metals.

Silver does not react with oxygen but it reacts with sulphur particles present in the air and thus forms a black layer of silver sulphide, hence silver jewellery becomes black after sometime.

(a) Thyroid gland. 

(b) Salivary glands. 

(c) Pancreas.

(a) Sensory 

(b) Maintaining posture and equilibrium 

(c) Spinal cord