Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Effect of colour of light: 

The refractive index of transparent medium is more for violet light and less for red light, therefore the critical angle for pair of media is less for the violet light and more for the red light. Thus critical angle increases with increase in wavelength of light.

2. Effect of temperature : 

On increasing the temperature of medium, its refractive index decreases, so the critical angle for that pair of media increases. Thus critical angle increases with increase in temperature.

As the angle of incidence increases, the shift also increases.

E = 2.5 × 10⁴ N C⁻¹ , p = 3.4 × 10⁻³⁰ C m. 

Torque acting on the molecule τ = pE sin θ for maximum torque, θ = 90° = 3.4 × 10⁻³⁰ × 2.5 × 10⁴ 

Maximum Torque acting on the molecule is = 8.5 × 10⁻²⁶ N m. 

The title is an excellent one because it speaks of the complete destruction of the tree. It is not merely cutting it down, but ensuring that it does not re-grow.

The poem itself is modelled as a plant growing from the seed. The first line states, “It takes much time to kill a tree.” Then the process of growth of the tree is described. It is presumed that the tree has grown from its seed. The seed develops the root. The root works its way through the rocks and stones of the soil.

The tree grows slowly by feeding upon the earth’s crust absorbing years of sunlight, air and water. There is a fight during the development of the tree which is suggested in the poem. The survival of the tree, in spite of the efforts to kill it, is shown by the line. “And from close to the ground”.

Correct option: (c) Redeemable

Due to insufficient record of information, important decisions cannot be made under Single Entry System.

Correct option: (c) Fixed

Single Entry System is not reliable because it is incomplete method.

Income recorded in statement of profit or loss are: 

(a) Rent Receivable 

(b) Commission receivable 

(c) Appreciation of Building 

(d) Insurance prepaid.

The books maintained under single entry system are 

(a) Cash Book 

(b) Debtors and Creditors personal a/c 

(c) Few Subsidiary books.

Statement of Affairs Method is also known as Capital Comparison Method.

Correct option is (c) Deferred Revenue Expenditure

This statement is False.

Irregularities frauds and misappropriations can be detected by auditing. Continuous and periodical auditing will detect the irregularities frauds and misappropriations which is done by a chartered accountant.

(i) Disagree

(ii) Disagree

(iii) Disagree

(iv) Disagree

(v) Disagree

Correct option is (b) Capital Expenditure

i. This statement is True.

This accounting concept explains that every business transaction has two aspects viz. (i) acquisition or increase in the asset of the business and (ii) creation or increase in claims against the business. Assets refer to the valuable things owned by the business. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital refers to the proprietor’s contribution to the business to provide funds to undertake activities. Capital is the owner’s claim against the business, e.g. a capital of ₹ 5,00,000 received in cash by the business from the proprietor has dual aspects viz. business has cash i.e. asset of ₹ 5,00,000 and the proprietor has a claim of ₹ 5,00,000 against the business entity called capital.

ii. This statement is False.

Bank overdraft is a liability of the business. Businesses owe to the bank for the excess amount withdrawn from the bank account. It is a temporary loan from a bank.

Correct option is (a) trucks

Roadways have been divided into following categories:

1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways 

2. National Highway 

3. State Highway 

4. District Roads 

5. Other Roads 

6. Border Roads

Basic infrastructure plays important role in economic development. Areas which are rich in basic infrastructure witness rapid economic development. 

It can be divided into two parts:

1. Basic physical infrastructure (includes transport, electricity, communication, etc.) and 

2. Basic social infrastructure (includes human resources). Business and transport facilities used to be concentrated in select pockets till recent past. Developments in science and technology have facilitated expansion in trade and transport facilities. Now, it is possible to reach any corner of the world in less time and more comfort. Development in modes of communication has also facilitated the development of means of transport. It can be said that transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

In spite of its huge size, diversity, social linquistic and cultural pluralism India is well connected with the rest of the world. Road, air & water transport, newspaper, radio, television, cinema, internet, etc. are helping in socio-economic development in numerous ways. International trade has reinvigorated the economy throug means of transport and communicaiton. It has made our life more comfortable than ever. Due to above reasons transport and communication are called the lifelines of national economy.

Benefits of pipelines:

1. They ensure uninterrupted supply of materials to long distance. 

2. Solid (in molten state) and liquids can be transported to long distances through them. 

3. Cost of operation of pipelines is very low. 

4. Transport through pipelines cannot be disturbed by changes in weather. 

5. They helped in development of oil refineries and gas-based fertilizer factories in various parts of the country

Correct Answer is : (B) PWD

Following are the reasons for growing importance of roadways over railways:

1. Roads can be built on uneven topography. 

2. Roads can be built even along steep slopes and in hilly areas. 

3. Cost of road construction is cheaper than laying the railway lines. 

4. Roads are flexible for transporting fewer people, fewer goods to even short distances. 

5. Roads provide door to door connectivity which is not possible with rail transport. 

6. Roads serve as link between various modes of transport.

Following are the different types of roads in India: 

1. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: The government of India has started an ambitious project to connect Delhi-Kolkata, Chennai- Mumbai and Delhi by 6-lane super highways. Two corridors have been proposed under this project. The first is the North South Corridor which connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari. The purpose of this super highway is to reduce the distance and travel time between metropolitan cities of India. This project is under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).

2. National Highway: These highways connect far flung areas of the country. Highways make the primary road network which is built and maintained by Central Public Works Department (CPWD). Many national highways are spread from north to south and from east to west. The historical Sher Shah Suri Road or Grand Trunk Road between Delhi and Amritsar is known as National Highway 1 (NH 1).

3. State Highway: The roads which connect the state capital, important cities, towns and district headquarters, and connect with natio’nal highways and highways to neighbouring states are called state highways. The construction and maintenance of these roads is the responsibility of the Public Works Department (PWD) of a state. The total length of state highways in the country is 131,899 km.

4. District Road: The roads connecting the tehsils, main towns and industrial areas to district headquarter and to each other are called district roads,

5. Other Roads: The roads which connect rural areas to towns are called other roads. Development of these roads is being encouraged under Prime Minister Road Project.

6. Border Road: Construction and maintenance of border roads is the responsibility of Border Road Organisation which comes under the government of India. This organization was established with the aim of integrated and rapid development of road network in frontier areas of north and northeast. This was done to ensure rapid economic development and to augment defence preparedness. The Border Road Organisation was established in 1960.

(C) 150 years

Kolkata port is an inland river port. This port is situated on Hooghly; about 148 from the sea shore. Because of being a tidal port and because of siltation; this port needs regular cleaning and dredging.

Under a single entry system, opening capital is ascertained by preparing the opening statement of affairs.

Statement of Profit or Loss is prepared to calculate the profit under single-entry system. The profit is calculated as follows:

Capital at the end

Add: Drawings made during the year

Less: Additional Capital introduced during the year

Less: Capital in the beginning

Profit or loss for the year

A statement of Affairs is prepared under a single entry system to ascertain capital balances.

Under a single entry system, records of impersonal accounts i.e. real accounts and nominal accounts are not maintained.

• The news related to economic events, politics, social issues, culture, education, etc. are published in newspapers. 
• Newspapers arecheap means of communication. Through newspapers information gets spread to masses at a time. 
• Newspapers are published in various languages. 
• In this way, newspapers are used for communication.

Thus, newspapers are used for communication.

• Calling and SMS (Short message system) facilitates easy one-to-one communication, using mobiles anywhere and at any time. 
• Video conferencing and applications like ‘Whatsapp’ allow one to communicate with many people simultaneously. 
• Various functions like, money transfer, payment of bills, purchase of goods and services and online trading can be done using smart phones’ various apps like BHIM, SBI anywhere, etc. 
• Internet and social media can also be accessed through mobile phones.

Correct option is (c) remote sensing

Correct option is (c) satellites

• Various programs, serials, etc. related to entertainment, social issues, culture, education, politics, economic events, sports, weather conditions, etc. are broadcasted on television. 
• Through television the information is exchanged to masses at a time with high speed. 
• Television can broadcast both audio and video for communication. In this way, television is a cheap means of communication.

Thus, TV is a cheap means of communication.

Following are the national waterways in India: 

• National Waterways 1: The Ganges between Haldia and Allahabad which is 1620 km long. 
• National Waterways 2: The Brahmaputra between Sadia and Dhuwri which is 891 km long. 
• National Waterways 3: Coastal canal of Kerala (from Kotapuram to Kollam; Udyog Mandal and Champakkash Canals) which is 205 km long. 
• National Waterways 4: 1100 km long route between Kakinada and Bharkanan. 
• National Waterways 5: 588 km long route of delta channel of Matai, Mahanadi, Brahmani rivers and east- coastal canal along with extension of Brahmani river.

For water transport, we do not need to invest on building the route of transport. In this case, we only need to invest in the modes of transport. Hence, water transport is the cheapest mode of transport.

Seven national highways pass through Rajasthan.

Border road has following significance: These roads provide connectivity in frontier regions. These roads help in economic development of areas along the international borders. These roads augment the war preparedness of the nation. 

Correct Answer is : (C) NH 1

Following are the progress made in transport sector in Rajasthan: Seven national highways cross through Rajasthan. Among them the NH 8 is the most important and the busiest national highway. Its length in Rajasthan is 685 km. This national highway goes from Delhi to Mumbai via Jaipur, Ajmer and Udaipur. The national highway 11 is the most important highway from the point of security. Some major state highways of Rajasthan have been connected to Mega Highway Project. These highways are developed as Mega Highways by changing them to 2-lane and 4-lane roads. At present, construction and maintenance of mega highways and state highways is on contractual basis. For this, the firm which bags the contract gets the right to collect toll tax from vehicles traveling on these roads. Government vehicles, ambulance, agricultural vehicles, military vehicles, other emergency vehicles and two-wheelers have been exempted from this toll tax.

Correct Answer is : (B) Second

Mobile phone has enabled the availability of telecommunication device in each hand. Mobile phone has made it possible to make long distance calls, to send data, pictures, etc. from any place. This has helped immensely in facilitating business. Mobile phone provides instant connectivity among people.

Deccan Queen

Water transport

Dedicated Freight Corridor

Air Transport

Basic infrastructure can be divided into two parts:

1. Basic physical infrastructure (includes transport, electricity, communication, etc.) and 

2. Basic social infrastructure (includes human resources).