InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 51. |
Which of the following is false about chymotrypsin?(a) Hydrolytic cleavage of a peptide bond by chymotrypsin has two phases(b) It is activated in the presence of trypsin(c) It is synthesized in the thyroid gland(d) Polypeptide chains in chymotrypsin are linked by S-S bonds |
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Answer» Right option is (c) It is synthesized in the thyroid gland Easiest explanation: Chymotrypsin is synthesized in the pancreas. |
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| 52. |
Which of the following is a function of B lymphocytes?(a) Ingest large particles and cells by phagocytes(b) Produce and secrete antibodies(c) Interact with infected host cells through receptors on T-cell surface(d) Interact with macrophages and secrete cytokines |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) Produce and secrete antibodies For explanation I would say: The remaining are the functions of macrophages, TC and TH cells respectively. |
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| 53. |
Which of the following is an invagination of the muscle cell’s sarcolemma?(a) Cisternae(b) Microtubules(c) T tubules(d) Sarcoplasmic reticula |
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Answer» Right option is (c) T tubules To elaborate: Transverse tubules are the invaginations of the muscle cell’s sarcolemma. |
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| 54. |
The cross bridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the __________(a) Myosin myofilaments(b) Actin myofilaments(c) Tropomyosin(d) Dystrophin |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Myosin myofilaments Easiest explanation: The globular head of a myosin that projects from myosin filament is a cross bridge. |
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| 55. |
The contractile unit consisting of bundles of thick filaments interleaved at either end with those of thin filaments is?(a) Myofibril(b) Cross bridges(c) Z band(d) Sarcomere |
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Answer» Right option is (d) Sarcomere Easy explanation: Sarcomere is the contractile unit consisting of bundles of thick filaments interleaved at either end with those of thin filaments. |
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| 56. |
Contractile protein of a muscle is __________(a) Troponin(b) Myosin(c) Tubulin(d) Tropomyosin |
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Answer» Right choice is (b) Myosin Easy explanation: Both actin and myosin are the two contractile proteins. |
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| 57. |
Which of the following contractile protein of skeletal muscle involve in ATPase activity?(a) Troponin(b) Myosin(c) Tubulin(d) Tropomyosin |
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Answer» The correct option is (b) Myosin The explanation: ATPase activity involves the conversion of ATP to ADP which releases energy. Myosin involves in such type of activity. |
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| 58. |
Gene therapy is a technique preferred to cure inherited diseases by __________(a) Repairing the faulty gene(b) Introducing the correct copy of the gene(c) Adding new cells to the body(d) PCR |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) Introducing the correct copy of the gene To explain I would say: By inserting a gene in place of defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders is included in gene therapy. |
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| 59. |
Which of the following is true about phosphodiester linkage?(a) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide(b) 3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide(c) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide(d) 3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide |
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Answer» Right option is (a) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide For explanation: 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide. |
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| 60. |
Which of the following is false about NMR spectroscopy?(a) NMR is an abbreviated form of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(b) The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency giving structural information about the atom(c) The intermolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency giving structural information about the atom(d) It is a technique that exploits magnetic properties of atomic nuclei |
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Answer» Right option is (c) The intermolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency giving structural information about the atom For explanation I would say: The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency giving structural information about the atom. |
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| 61. |
The information which is represented by a signal is detected by specific receptors and converted to a cellular response; this conversion is called _____________(a) Signal amplification(b) Signal transversion(c) Signal transduction(d) Signal integration |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Signal transduction To explain I would say: The information which is represented by a signal is detected by specific receptors and converted to a cellular response; this conversion is called signal transduction. |
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| 62. |
Receptor proteins that indirectly activate enzymes that generate intracellular second messengers are _____________(a) Steroid receptors(b) Serpentine receptors(c) Adhesion receptors(d) Receptor enzymes |
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Answer» Right option is (b) Serpentine receptors For explanation: Receptor proteins that indirectly activate enzymes that generate intracellular second messengers are serpentine receptors. |
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| 63. |
Which of the following are intracellular second messengers?(a) Acetylcholine(b) Glycine(c) IP3(d) Glutamate |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) IP3 Best explanation: Inositol triphosphate together with diacylgycerol is a secondary messenger used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in cells. |
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| 64. |
Of the total body water, intracellular compartment contains about |
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Answer» In humans, the intracellular compartment contains on average about 28 litres of fluid, and under ordinary circumstances remains in osmotic equilibrium. |
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| 65. |
Which of the following types of lipid aggregates has maximum stability?(a) Micelles(b) Bilayer(c) Liposome(d) Myelin sheath |
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Answer» The correct answer is (c) Liposome To explain: Bilayer is relatively unstable and spontaneously forms a third type of aggregate, folds back on itself to form a hollow sphere, liposome that has maximum stability in their aqueous environment. |
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| 66. |
How many types of lipid aggregates are formed when amphipathic lipids are mixed with water?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4 |
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Answer» Right answer is (c) 3 For explanation: Micelle, bilayer and liposome are the 3 types of lipid aggregates are formed when amphipathic lipids are mixed with water. |
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| 67. |
Which of the following statements is false?(a) Oxidation of cysteine residue with performic acid is done to break disulfide bond in proteins(b) Reduction of cysteine residue with dithiothreitol is done to break disulfide bond in proteins(c) Reduction of cysteine residue with performic acid is done to break disulfide bond in proteins(d) Reduced cysteine is further acetylated by iodoacetate |
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Answer» The correct answer is (c) Reduction of cysteine residue with performic acid is done to break disulfide bond in proteins To elaborate: Oxidation of cysteine residue with performic acid is done to break disulfide bond in proteins. |
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| 68. |
When cross sectional area of the head group and acyl side chain is similar, which of the following lipid aggregates formation is favored?(a) Micelles(b) Bilayer(c) Liposome(d) Myelin sheath |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) Bilayer Explanation: Bilayer formation is favored when cross sectional area of the head group and acyl side chain is similar. |
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| 69. |
Which of the following is not responsible of producing diarrhea?(a) Elevation in [cGMP](b) Increase in Cl^– secretion(c) Decrease in reabsorption of water by the intestinal epithelium(d) Decrease in Cl^– secretion |
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Answer» Right option is (d) Decrease in Cl^– secretion To elaborate: Elevation in [cGMP] leads to increase in Cl^– secretion and decrease in reabsorption of water by the intestinal epithelium. |
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| 70. |
Which of the following is false about phosphorylation by IRS on serine residue?(a) It is an inhibitory phosphorylation(b) It is molecular mechanism for insulin resistance(c) It increases insulin levels(d) Target tissues fail to respond to circulating insulin |
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Answer» Correct choice is (c) It increases insulin levels Best explanation: Inhibitory serine phosphorylation is a molecular mechanism for insulin resistance which is a condition where target tissues fail to respond to circulating insulin. |
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| 71. |
Protein kinase ERK is activated by phosphorylation of ____________(a) Only Thr(b) Only Tyr(c) Both Thr and Tyr(d) Only Ser |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Both Thr and Tyr The best explanation: Both Thr and Tyr are phosphorylated to activate the protein kinase ERK. |
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| 72. |
Passage of a cell through stages of cell cycle is controlled by a protein kinase that phosphorylates many different proteins at appropriate times.(a) Cdk activating kinase(b) Cyclin-dependent kinase(c) Cyclins(d) Tyrosine kinase |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) Cyclin-dependent kinase Explanation: Passage of a cell through stages of cell cycle is controlled by Cdk. |
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| 73. |
Which of the following directly phosphorylate tyrosines to start a kinase protein enzymatic cascade?(a) Receptor tyrosine kinase(b) Receptor guanylyl cyclases(c) Receptor serine kinase(d) Receptor threonine kinase |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Receptor tyrosine kinase The best I can explain: Only receptor tyrosine kinase directly phosphorylates tyrosine to start a kinase protein enzymatic cascade. |
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| 74. |
Protein kinase A is ____________(a) Completely inhibited by cyclic AMP(b) Allosterically activated by cyclic AMP(c) Affected by cyclic AMP only under unusual circumstances(d) Activated by covalent binding of cyclic AMP |
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Answer» Right choice is (b) Allosterically activated by cyclic AMP The explanation: Protein kinase A is activated when cAMP allosterically binds to a regulatory peptide. |
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| 75. |
Ras protein is a ____________(a) G-protein switch(b) Small monomeric GTPase switch protein(c) Serine-threonine kinase(d) Tyrosine kinase |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) Small monomeric GTPase switch protein Easy explanation: Ras protein is a small monomeric GTPase switch protein, involved in transmitting signals within cells. |
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| 76. |
Which of the following statements about action potential is false?(a) Na^+/K^+ pumps are directly involved in creating the action potential(b) Na^+ and K^+ concentrations are not significantly changed during an action potential(c) This includes both positive and negative feedback loops(d) Only a relatively small number of Na^+ and K^+ actually diffuse across the membrane |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) Na^+ and K^+ concentrations are not significantly changed during an action potential Explanation: The concentration of K^+ is higher inside and concentration of Na^+ is more outside. |
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| 77. |
Which of the following induces conformational change in protein?(a) Uniport(b) Symport(c) Antiport(d) Facilitated diffusion |
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Answer» Right option is (d) Facilitated diffusion The explanation: Facilitated diffusion induces a conformational change in protein. |
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| 78. |
Na^+ glucose transporter is an example of ____________(a) Symport(b) Antiport(c) Facilitated diffusion(d) ATP driven active transport |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) Symport To elaborate: Substrates are moved in the same direction across the membrane. |
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| 79. |
Which of the following is one of the family of immunoglobin like proteins that mediate Ca^+2?(a) N-CAM(b) Integrin(c) Cadherin(d) Selectin |
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Answer» The correct option is (a) N-CAM For explanation: N-CAM is one of the family of immunoglobulin like proteins that mediate Ca^+2. |
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| 80. |
The lac repressor has which of the following DNA-binding motif?(a) Helix-turn-helix(b) Zinc finger(c) Homeodomain(d) Leucine zipper |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) Helix-turn-helix To explain I would say: The lac repressor has helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. |
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| 81. |
Which of the following bacterial operon is not controlled by attenuation?(a) Arabinose(b) Tryptophan(c) Leucine(d) Histidine |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) Arabinose For explanation: Arabinose is a carbohydrate. |
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| 82. |
Which of the following are the structural motifs that mediate protein-protein interactions?(a) Leucine zipper and basic helix-loop-helix(b) Homeodomain(c) Zinc finger(d) Helix-turn-helix |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) Leucine zipper and basic helix-loop-helix The explanation: Regulatory proteins contain domains not only for DNA binding but also for protein-protein interactions. Homeodomain, zinc finger and helix-turn-helix are DNA-binding domains. |
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| 83. |
What are some examples of the structural function of organic molecules? |
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Answer» Organic molecules have a structural function as they are part of cell membranes, cytoskeleton, organ walls and blood vessel walls, bones, cartilages and, in plants, of the conductive and support tissues. |
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| 84. |
What are mineral salts? Where in living beings can mineral salts be found? |
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Answer» Mineral salts are simple inorganic substances made of metallic chemical elements, like iron, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, or of nonmetallic elements, like chlorine and phosphorus. They can be found in non-solubilized form, as part of structures of the organism, like the calcium in bones. They can also be found solubilized in water, as ions: for example, the sodium and potassium cations within cells. |
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| 85. |
What are the most important organic molecules for living beings? |
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Answer» There are many types of organic molecules that are important for the living beings. Especially important are amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates (including glucose), lipids and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Biochemistry Introduction Review - Image Diversity: amino acid molecule protein molecule carbohydrate molecule lipid molecule nucleic acid molecule. |
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| 86. |
What are the main functions of the organic molecules for living beings? |
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Answer» Organic molecules, like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, perform several functions for living organisms. Noteworthy functions are the structural function (as part of the material that constitutes delimits and maintains organs, membranes, cell organelles, etc.), the energetic function (chemical reactions of the energetic metabolism), the control and informative function (genetic code control, inter and intracellular signalling, endocrine integration) and the enzymatic function of proteins (facilitation of chemical reactions). |
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| 87. |
Living beings are made of organic and inorganic substances. According to the complexity of their molecules how can each of those substances be classified? |
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Answer» Inorganic substances, like water, mineral salts, molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide, are small molecules made of few atoms. Organic substances, in general, like glucose, fatty acids and proteins, are much more complex molecules made of sequences of carbons bound in carbon chains. The capacity of carbon to form chains is one of the main chemical facts that permitted the emergence of life on the planet. |
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| 88. |
What are the most important inorganic molecular substances for living beings? |
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Answer» The most important inorganic substances for living beings are water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen. (There are several other inorganic substances without which cells would die.) |
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| 89. |
Which of the following is false?(a) The two main types of secondary structure are the α helix and β pleet structures(b) α helix is a right handed coiled strand(c) The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is between strands rather than within strands(d) The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within strands rather than between strands |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) The hydrogen bonding in a β-sheet is within strands rather than between strands Best explanation: The sheet conformation consists of a pair of strands lying side-by-side. The carbonyl oxygen in one strand hydrogen bond with the amino hydrogen of the adjacent strand. |
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| 90. |
Formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds is called as ____________(a) Nitrogen fixation(b) Nitrification(c) Denitrification(d) Nitrogen assimilation |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) Nitrogen assimilation To explain I would say: Ammonia or ammonium is oxidized to nitrite followed by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate is called nitrification. Nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces N2 through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products is called denitrification. Conversion of nitrogen to ammonia or nitrogenous compounds is termed as nitrogen fixation. |
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| 91. |
Two chains of amino acids in an insulin molecule are held together by __________(a) Sulfide bridges(b) Disulfide bridges(c) Peptide bond(d) Covalent linkage |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) Disulfide bridges The best I can explain: When we consider amino acid sequence of bovine insulin, the two peptide chains are joined together by disulfide cross linkages. |
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| 92. |
The two amino acids having R groups with a negative net charge at pH 7.0 are ___________(a) Aspartate and glutamate(b) Arginine and histidine(c) Cysteine and methionine(d) Proline and valine |
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Answer» The correct option is (a) Aspartate and glutamate The best explanation: Aspartate: H3 N^+ – CH( CH2 COO^–) – COO^– Glutamate: H3 N^+ – CH( C2 H4 COO^–) – COO^–. |
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| 93. |
The amino acid sequences of thousands of different proteins from many species have been determined using principles first developed by?(a) Edman(b) Sanger(c) Mendel(d) Watson and Crick |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) Sanger Easy explanation: The amino acid sequences of thousands of different proteins from many species have been determined using principles first developed by Frederick Sanger. |
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| 94. |
Rauolfia serpentine, to save this plant under the threat of extinction, which of the following techniques is useful?(a) Genetic engineering(b) In vitro culture(c) DNA fingerprinting(d) Hybridoma technology |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) In vitro culture Explanation: In vitro culture is useful in saving this plant from extinction. |
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| 95. |
The work ‘Hybridization’ in DNA finger printing means ____________(a) Pairing between the nucleotides of DNA sample with probe(b) Pairing between the nucleotides of DNA and mRNA(c) Pairing between the nucleotides of probe with mRNA(d) Pairing between the nucleosides with mRNA |
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Answer» Right answer is (a) Pairing between the nucleotides of DNA sample with probe The best explanation: Hybridization involves annealing of DNA segment with its probe. |
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| 96. |
Which of the following term is associated with DNA finger printing?(a) Hybridoma(b) Site specific mutagenesis(c) Shotgun cloning(d) RFLP |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) RFLP For explanation: RFLP technique is preferred in forensic laboratories to identify the suspects. |
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| 97. |
Generally a plasmid vector contains how many elements?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4 |
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Answer» The correct answer is (c) 3 The best explanation: Cloning site, drug resistant gene and replication origin are the 3 elements in a plasmid vector. |
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| 98. |
Amino acids sequence in DNA can be determined by the order of their _________(a) rRNA(b) tRNA(c) Nucleotides(d) mRNA |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Nucleotides Easiest explanation: By the order of nucleotides, amino acids sequence in DNA can be determined. |
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| 99. |
Genes of different species but possessing a clear sequence and functional relationship to each other are __________(a) Ortholog(b) Synteny(c) Paralog(d) Microarray |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Ortholog The best explanation: Collections of microscopic DNA spots attached to solid surface are DNA microarrays. Genes of same species, similarly related to each other are paralogs. Synteny is a conserved gene order. |
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| 100. |
Protein A will fold into its native state only when protein B is also present in the solution. However, protein B can fold itself into native confirmation without the presence of protein A. Which of the following is true?(a) Protein B serves as precursor for protein A(b) Protein B serves as molecular chaperon for protein A(c) Protein B serves as ligand for protein A(d) Protein B serves as structural motif for protein A |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) Protein B serves as molecular chaperon for protein A The explanation is: Not all proteins fold spontaneously as they are synthesized in the cell. Folding for many proteins is facilitated by the action of specialized proteins known as molecular chaperons. |
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