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Seminars, awareness programmes

National Consumer Day is December 24.

A three tier system of courts are set up in India as per the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. 

• District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum functions at district level set up by the state government. 
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state level, set up by the state government. 
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission at the national level, set up by the central government. 

Consumer education is necessary for the acquisition of right habits. It is possible through awareness programmes. Inclusions in the curriculum. Observance of the National Consumer Day.

Santhal movement started in 1855

The correct answer is 74.04%.

• The results of the 2011 census revealed that there has been an increase in literacy in the country.
  • The literacy rate in the country is 74.04 percent, 82.14 for males and 65.46 for females.
    
• The literacy rates for the country as a whole increased from 18.33 percent in 1951 to 65.38 percent in 2001 with the literacy rate for males at 75.85 percent and that for females at 54.16 percent.
• Among the states in India, Kerala had the highest literary rate with 94 percent in 2011.
• Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, and the capital territory of Delhi followed Kerala with above-average literacy rates. Notably, all the leading states in the country had more literate males than females at the time of the census.
• Jains are the most literate community in India.

The Correct Answer is Dares Salaam.

• Dar-es-Salaam is Tanzania's largest city and its former capital. With a projected population of 5,275,315 in 2019, it is the largest city in East Africa and the seventh-largest in Africa.
• Dar-es-Salaam, on the Swahili coast, is an important economic hub and one of the world's fastest-growing cities.
• Until 1974, Dar-es-Salaam served as the capital city of Tanzania. In 1996, by order of President Julius Nyerere, the capital city began to move to Dodoma. In the arts, fashion, culture, music, film and television, it is Tanzania's most famous city and is a leading financial centre.
• For most tourists visiting Tanzania, the city is the main arrival and departure point, including the national parks for safaris and the islands of Unguja and Pemba.

• Dodoma is Tanzania's national capital and the capital of the Dodoma region.
• Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous Tanzanian region.

(a) After the death of Mahmud Gawan, factionsim increased among the Bahamani Sardars.

(b) The conflict with the Vijaynagar kingdom had an adverse effect on the Bahamani kingdom.

(c) The provincial Governors began to act more independently. This led to the disintegration of the Bahamani kingdom into five small power-Imadshahi of Varhad, Baridshahi of Bidar, Adilshahi of Bijapur, Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar and Qutubshahi of Golconda.

The correct answer is Gender discrimination is a major cause of the low sex ratio.

• The sex ratio in India is calculated as the number of females per thousand men (not simply as the ratio of female and male).
• Census 2011 finding shows that Haryana has the lowest sex ratio in India i.e. 861 females per 1000 males (Kerala has the highest sex ratio with 1059 females per 1000 males).
• The gap between male and female literacy level is more than 15% (i.e. Male literacy is at 82.10% and female literacy at 65.26%)
• Gender discrimination like female infanticide, the lower status of women, patriarchal society is the major cause of low sex ratio in Indian states.

• Population density of India: 382 persons/Square KMS (Bihar  followed by West Bengal has highest population density at 1102 and Arunachal Pradesh has lowest at 17)
• Total literacy: 74%
• Child Sex ratio: 914
• Urbanization: 31.165%

The correct answer is 1084.

• As per this, the sex ratio of Kerala is 1,084 in Census 2011. The sex ratio has risen by 26 points during 2001.

• According to the provisional population totals arrived at by Census 2011, out of a total population of 33.4 million persons in Kerala, 16 million are males and 17.4 million are females.
• As per details from Census 2011, Kerala has a population of 3.34 Crores, an increase from a figure of 3.18 Crore in the 2001 census.
• The total population of Kerala as per the 2011 census is 33,406,061 of which male and female are 16,027,412 and 17,378,649 respectively.
• In 2001, total population was 31,841,374 in which males were 15,468,614 while females were 16,372,760.
• The total population growth in this decade was 4.91 percent while in the previous decade it was 9.42 percent.
• The population of Kerala forms 2.76 percent of India in 2011. In 2001, the figure was 3.10 percent.

(a) Rani Durgavati, bom in the dynasty Chandel Rajput became the queen of Gondvana after her marriage.

(b) She was an excellent administrator. Her struggle against the Mughals is important in Medieval history.

(c) After her husband’s death, Durgavati laid down her life but refused to surrender while fighting against Akbar.

• Empower consumer by forming consumer organization.
• Organize classes by experts on consumer awareness
• Take initiative to submit cases of public interest in consumer court.
• Organize demonstrations peacefully. 
• Distribute pamphlets on the topic.

Consumer courts are systems which have the responsibility to provide legal assistance to consumers when they get unsatisfactory experiences from producers and distributors. They deal with causes of consumer disputes and grievances and play a decisive role in getting justice to the consumers, including compensation. Consumer courts protect the rights of the consumer and instill confidence in them and thus to bring about qualitative change in life. They ensure justice quickly through simple and less expensive procedures. So they are called the guardians of the rights of consumers.

• Observation of days 
• Awareness programmes 
• Inclusion in curriculum

• Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to fulfill their needs.
• Consumer is the one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price. In other words, consumers are people who buy goods and services to satisfy their needs.

• Consumer education helps to
• develop the ability to decide and choose intelligently
• demand safe, reliable and quality products
• be alert, informed and vigilant against malpractices in market.
• take suitable action when exploited.

• Conduct awareness programmes 
• Inclusion in the curriculum 
• Observance of National Consumer Day 
• Publish pamphlets, booklets and magazines to make the consumers aware of their rights 
• Conduct seminars, workshops, etc. about consumer’s problems 
• Give legal assistance to file complaints in consumer courts 

• Ask for the bill for every purchase made. 
• Make sure that the weights and measures are accurate. 
• Make sure while purchasing packed items, that the name of the product, date of packing, expairy  date, weight, price, etc. are stated. 
• Note the symbols representing the standard of the products. 

1) The Sale of Goods Act 1930: The Act ensures that the provisions for the purchase of goods are observed. The Act provides safeguards to the buyers of the goods in case the goods do not comply with express or implied conditions or warranties, guarantee, warranty, and after sale service come under the purview of this Act.

2) The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act 1937: The Act prescribes grade standards for agricultural commodities and livestock products (wheat, gram, flour, ghee).

The Act stipulates the conditions and standards for grading, marking and packing these products. The quality mark provided under the Act is known as AGMARK, an acronym for Agricultural Marketing.

3) The Essential Commodities Act 1955: The Act aims at controlling production, supply and distribution of essential commodities and ensure that these commodities and essential services are available in the market at reasonable price. The Act gives protection to consumers from profiteering, hoarding, and black marketing.

4) The Standard of Weights and Measures Act 1976: The Act provides protection to consumers against the malpractice of underweight or under measure of the products. The Act prevents the use of nonstandard weights and measures.

The correct answer is option (2) i.e. Gegong Apang.

• Arunachal Congress is a regional party which was firmly active in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Gegong Apang is the founder of the party who served as the Chief Minister from 1980 to 1999 and also from 2003 to 2007.
• The flag of Arunachal Congress is blue on top, white in the middle with a picture of a party symbol, and orange at the bottom.
• Kamen Ringu was the leader of the party. He is currently the chairperson of the People's Party of Arunachal.
• Capital of Arunachal Pradesh is Itanagar and Pema Khandu is the present Chief Minister.

Yes, consumer education is inevitable today. 

This is because:

• consumption has become a complex process
• there are widespread exploitation 
• there are widespread ignorance of consumers
• they lack consumer organizations

The correct answer is Bhopal.

•  Indira Gandhi Manav Sangrahalya 
  • Indira Gandhi Manav Sangrahalya is an anthropology museum located in Bhopal, India.
  • It is to present an integrated story of the evolution of man and culture with special reference to India.
  • This museum depicts the story of mankind in time and space.
  • The museum also has a regional center for the South India region at Mysore in Karnataka.
• Bhopal
  • It is known as the City of Lakes for its various natural and artificial lakes and for being one of the greenest cities in India.
  • ​It was formed in the year 13 September 1972 as a district.

The correct answer is Sagar.

• Bina Refinery
  • it is an Indian oil refinery located at Bina in the Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh state.
  • It is owned and operated by Bharat Oman Refineries Limited(BORL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited(BPCL).
  • Commissioned: May 2011
  • The refinery is designed to process 6 MTPA of Arab Mix crude (65% Arab Light and 35% Arab Heavy). 
  • It has the flexibility to process other types of the Middle East crude oil.
• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited(BPCL)
  • Owner: Government of India
  • Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
  • Ministry: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas
  • Products: Petroleum, Natural Gas, LNG, Lubricants, and Petrochemicals
  • Chairman: K Padmakar
• Oman Oil Corporation(OQ)
  • It is a national petroleum company of Oman and it is wholly owned by the Government of Oman.
  • Owner: Government of Oman
  • Headquarters: Muscat, Oman
  • Chairman: Mulham Basheer Al Jarf

1. Unwritten

2. Rigid

3. Flexible

The members of the various sections of the Constitution-Making Committee worked with great cooperation. The reason for this was they had a consensus about the main principles to be included in the Constitution. These principles were formulated during the long period of the independence struggle. The National Movement had discussed extensively about the relevant questions regarding the Constitution. The leaders had already formed an idea about the form of the government, the values it has to uphold and the inequalities it had to overcome.

The ideas received from the National Movement were incorporated in the Constitution. The Objective Resolution was the best principle that the Constitution Making Committee received from the National meeting of the Assembly in December 1946. The Objective Resolution defined the goals of the Assembly. It presented a summary of the values and aspirations which were the basis of the Constitution. These values that were in the Objective Resolution prompted the decision regarding the ultimate goal. It was based on this the Constitution made sure that the principles of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, sovereignty, and universal brotherhood are guaranteed in writing. The Objective Resolution later became a springboard of the Indian Constitution.

Constitution is the basic document of a nation. The government of any country works according to certain rules. Constitution is the basic document which describes the structure of the Nation, the rights of the government, the rights of the citizens and their responsibilities. A Constitution lays the foundation for the working of nation. In the absence of a Constitution, the smooth working of the government will be made uncertain and the rights of the citizens might be violated. The lack of a Constitution, which clearly defines the powers of the government and the rights of the citizens and their responsibilities, will lead to anarchy. A country then ceases to be a nation.

France Country is related with Auguste Comte .

Varna and Class is an open system .

 Striniwas has given a concept of dominate caste . 

Parsi is the smallest minority group in India .

Computer is related with  Modernization

Indian national congress was established in 1885.

Caste is the basis of social stratification in Indian Society.

Sanskritization is a internal factor of social change in India.

 Change in social structure &function  is social change. 

planning commission establish in 1950 .

Article-40 is related with Panchayati System.

Mountvetan Plan  place is related with independance of India .

Bihar is a state.

Family planning started was 1952.

Primary Group  is a family

The slogan 'Do or die' related with Mahatma Gandhi 

Chrales Cooley gave the 'looking glass self theory' of socialization.

4 categories Hindu is divided by Caste.

Education is not a cause of growth in population.