Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

i) Pinching: It refers to removal of the growing point of a shoot along with a few leaves so as to encourage branching or to produce a bushy growth.

ii) Disbudding: It refers to removal of the superfluous flower buds so as to divert the sap to a few stronger branches which is required for the quality production of branches and flowers.

iii) Greenhouse: It is a framed or an inflated structure covered with a transparent or translucent material which permits at least partial control of plant environment and which are large enough to permit a person to carry out cultural operations.

iv) Pulsing: It consists of placing the lower portion of cut flower stems in solution containing high percentage of sugar and germicide for a period of few hours to two days. Specific formulations developed vary with the flower species as sucrose 2-20% for 12-48 hours at 20 -27 ◦ C and relative humidity 80-100% under 2000-2500 lux cool light.

v) CAD: Computer-Aided Design(CAD) is the technology concerned with the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a design. It is also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD).

vi) Mowing: It is the cutting of lawn grass for maintaining its attractiveness for maximum utility.

vii) Pergola: It is defined as a series of arches joined together.

A drunken guest may disturb other guests. Hotel staff should calmly handle the situation.

• Don’t argue with the intoxicated guest. 
• Don’t embarrass the guest, especially in front of other people. 
• Invite the problem guest to an area away from other guests, where you can talk. 
• Deal with the situation in a calm, friendly way. Speak to the person directly, and firmly explain that what they are doing is unacceptable at your party. 
• Listen and empathize with your guest.

 For Female /Women guests, the hotels adopt certain extra security measures which are:

1) Mirrored walls of the guest room floor / corridor so that the female guest can actually watch who is walking behind her. 

2) Well-lit public areas like lobby, bars, swimming pool and parking place, 

3) Valet parking services to avoid the need of a female guest to enter the parking area where doubtful and suspicious people can be present. 

4) Assigning rooms closer to the elevators.

India is a vast and varied subcontinent. Covering 2.4 percent of the global landmass, it supports more than one-sixth of the world’s population. In 200 1, India’s population had reached 1 028 million people, living in 220 million households in 35 states and union territories (Map). As a developing country with high population density, ever since Indian independence, planners in India have recognized the importance of planned growth of the economy emphasis on human resource development. Policy-makers recognize that optimal nutrition and health are prerequisites for human development. Article 47 of the Constitution of India states that "the State shall regard raising the level of nutrition and standard of living of its people and improvement in public health among its primary duties". Over the last five decades, successive five-year plans have lain down policies and multisectoral strategies to combat nutrition-related public health problems and improve the nutritional and health status of the population.

Currently, the country is undergoing a rapid socio-economic, demographic, nutritional and health transition. Although India has not yet overcome the problems of poverty, undernutrition and communicable diseases, it is increasingly facing additional challenges related to the affluence that results from industrialization, urbanization and economic betterment. Over the last two decades, overnutrition and obesity have emerged as public health problems; there have been increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in urban areas. The magnitude of these problems varies among states and socio-economic strata and between urban and rural areas, and it is a matter of concern that these diseases occur a decade earlier in India than elsewhere and that they affect poor segments of the population and those in rural areas. Case fatality rates are reported to be higher in poor and rural populations, probably because of poor access to health care and consequent delayed diagnosis and treatment. This case study reviews the impact of ongoing socio-economic, demographic and life style transitions on nutritional status, and the health implications of the ongoing nutrition transition.

Rock garden is an important feature of a garden. The real rock garden is one which mimics a mountain range. These gardens should be set out on some definite idea which may be replica of a particular mountain in miniature form or the strong slope of a hill. 

There are three kinds of rock garden.

• First is purely ornamental, which is required to be constructed with a great deal of artistry and science. 
• Second, rock garden is developed on the basis of close imitation of the geographical formation of a fragment of mountains in which grown plants are more or less natural to it. 
• Third, it is solely concerned with the cultivation of plants from high mountains.

Plants for rock garden: In sunny situations large number of hardy but attractive plants including cacti and succulents, some conifers, dwarf and low growing flowering shrubs, bulbous plants, hardy annuals can be grown. While for shady situations, shade plants like Aspidistra sp, Maranta sp, Aglaonema sp., Calthea sp etc can be grown.

• Accuracy to landscape designs 
• Cost saving 
• Increased Productivity 
• Time saving 
• Uniform Designs 
• Editing 
• Quick learning of software than hand drafting

Potpourris 

It is a special dried floral arrangement, a mixture of sweet smelling leaves, spices, seeds, roots and distilled essential oils which is filled in pillows or sachets. The important plants used for making potpourris are rose, lilac, lavender, pinks, hyacinths, lilies, violets, etc. and others associated with perfume namely geranium, daisy bush, bergamot, sage, savoury, thyme etc. In addition, ferns, pinecones, lily pods and driftwood and other items collected from forests and gardens can also be added.

Floriculture as an employment generation sector 

• Traditional flower cultivation 
• Cut flower cultivation 
• Nursery industry 
• Plant rental services 
• Hybrid seed production business 
• Turf industry 
• Florist and floral decorations 
• Value added products based industries

The patterns representing all the individual pieces of the garment should be laid out together in such a way that fit within the confines of fabric width as closely and efficiently as possible. This is pattern lay.

a. The zipper is a sliding closure applied on straight placket. 

b. Buttons slip to close the placket.

• Extends the living area of the home 
• Screening for privacy and protection from wind and sun 
• Outlet for overflowing children energy 
• Minimizing noise 
• Absorb and filter summer sun 
• Reduce need for artificial air conditioning 
• Ground covers prevent soil erosion 
• Shield house from heat robbing winds and lessen electricity heating and cooling bills.

Importance of CAD in landscaping

CAD is a software system that is capable of transforming raw data into plans drawings and models to enable effective planning and management.

Importance

Areas and distances can be determined for planning and maintenance. 

• Exact locations of all items can be recorded for future reference. 
• Contour plans can be illustrated for drainage works. 
• Earthworks of cut and fill can be made. 
• Costs for soil volumes can be calculated for a range of variables (from different suppliers and different grades of raw products). 
• 3D models are created to illustrate the concept and to show interaction of light, shade, plant growth, future development. 
• CAD plans can be entered into software that automatically operate earthmoving machines that can level the site as specified on the plans 
• Information can be transferred by email.

Internal trade (Home trade).

D. Cestrum nocturnum

Cestrum nocturnum is fragrant flowering shrubs suitable for outdoor landscaping.

Mail order business

1. Single line store 

2. Specialty store 

3. General store or variety store 

4. Itinerant retailing 

5. Secondhand goods shop

Pinning gives the same result and information, that one wants without going to the machine. It is faster and easier to unpin and then re-pin than to rip the stitches and to re-stitch.

Calculate of fabric depends on width of the fabric, generally trousers are cut on thick fabric which comes in a width of 60”hence fabric required is one length of trouser plus 25cms.

The buttonhole machine is essentially a zigzag lock stitch machine with automatic devices to control the width and length of the buttonhole and to cut it open.

Draping method is the oldest patternmaking method which is generally regarded as a creative approach.

(b) Home trade.

Retailers is the last link in the channel of distribution of goods and services.

As the peter-pan collar is cut on bias and for this we have to fold the fabric at 45° to cut the collar all this affect fabric estimation for the garment.

There are various styles of sleeves. Some are cut separately like set in sleeve another is cut as extension of the main bodice like Kimono sleeve. Garments may be sleeve less or may have very small sleeve like cap sleeve. Some sleeves are cut on bias and some are cut on grain (length wise grain). All this affect fabric estimation.

a. Underlining

Underlining is a lightweight fabric that is applied to the wrong side of the garment fabric primarily to give additional strength, support, and durability to the garment.

Yes. Retailers have direct contact with consumers. So they can know the tastes and preferences of consumers. So a retailer occupies an important position in the distribution system.

c. Dart Legs

The two sides of the triangular shape & of the same length in the dart is a called as Dart Legs.

Wholesaler acts as a link between the manufacturer and Retailers

a. Sizing system of the UK - British standards with BS3666, has established the sizing system for the British clothing Industry. All the shops selling garments or manufacturers for clothes for the UK market adhere to the BS3666. The size is suffixed with S or T denotes whether for a short or tall person. The buyer in UK can easily buy clothes of their size if one is sure of which size would fit, as generally all the garments in that particular size would fit the person.

b. Sizing system of the US - The country that has maximum size variation available in the market is United States. The number of the sizes in a sizing system depends on the body structure of the population. In country like India and US the body types of people in various parts (in India ) and different ethnic groups (in US) is so varied that the number of sized in sizing system need to be much more than three usual ones - small (S), Medium (M) and Large (L). Some countries work with extra small (XS) and extra-large (XL) and sometimes even XXL but in a country like United States the women wear sizes start at 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26 etc. Apart from these sizes being available in the market there is 'Misses' and 'Petit' which cater to the medium and shorter women and 'tall and big' taking care of taller and bigger sizes.

Retailers have close contact with consumers.

multiple shop

Interlining is a layer of fabric inserted between the face or shell and the lining of the garment.

iv) Separation of fruits and vegetables

Separation of fruits and vegetables is different from the other three with respect to fine motor movements.

Middleman – Manufacturer - Wholesaler - Retailer

Itinerant traders

Hawkers carry goods on wheeled carts or on bicycles.

1. Hawkers

2. Market traders 

3. Street traders

Things to Keep in Mind While Taking Measurement on the Body.

a. Round measurement /girth measurement are to be taken by measuring over the widest point of the body with two fingers between the body and measuring tape, this will ensure that the body is neither pressed nor squeezed. 

b. Thigh measurement should be taken while the person is seated. 

c. Elbow measurement and knee measurement should be taken while they are in bent position. 

d. Ankle measurement should be taken around the heel of the wearer.

Note: Remember the measuring tape should not press into the body otherwise measurement may not be accurate.

e. For lengthwise measurement, ensure that the customer is standing in a natural pose. 

f. Length wise measurement: While taking length wise measurement a hand should be kept under the bust for ensuring that bust is taken while measuring the length. Otherwise the length of the garment will fall short.

g. Shoulder/cross back measurements are taken from one shoulder bone to the other. 

h. Sleeve length is taken from the shoulder bone to the length required 

i. For full length of the salwar measure from waist to the floor ensuring that the person is standing straight.

Godet: A flared or triangular insert in the hemline of skirts, sleeves and trousers.

New technology promises to overcome these problems; a new computer system can optically measure an individual's body in three dimensions. This data is then converted to a computerized, individual pattern, a man's suit designed by this method is ready to be cut out and ready to sew within 7 minutes of receipt of the measurement data. The resultant garments fit accurately as the computerized scanner detects subtle nuances in the shape of the body that normal measurement systems are unable to read.

These systems are on the stage of trial; but they would be costly and would take a long time to be readily available.

The two examples of grown on sleeves are:

a. Kimono sleeve 

b. Raglan sleeve 

c. Drop shoulder 

d. Strap shoulder/ saddle sleeve

Pedlars carry the products on the head or in baskets or shoulder bags.

Fit problems may be caused due to careless design, construction or may be the result of individual characteristics of an individual's body.

The two ways of taking shoulder measurements are: 

a. From highest shoulder point to the lowest shoulder point of the same shoulder 

b. From lowest shoulder point of one shoulder to the lowest shoulder point of the other shoulder

Due to abundance of labor in India coupled with tradition of draped garments from saree to dhotis, the skill of pattern making in India did not develop in the same manner and speed as per global benchmarks.

a) Attention

Listening with Attention shows that you respect and value what the other person is saying.

Wind/ Solar energy engineers

a) Goal setting

Goal setting is all about finding and listing your goals and then planning on how to complete them.

Correct answer is c. Compound sentence 

b) Solar Energy engineers.

Solar Energy engineers design and develop Solar farm systems.