Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Dictionary 

2. Encyclopaedia 

3. Dictionary 

4. Thesaurus 

5. Atlas 

6. Thesaurus 

7. Encyclopaedia 

8. Dictionary 

9. Dictionary 

10. Newspaper.

1. Why are we here? 

2. Do you wantetoaeomp along? 

3. How are you? f haven’t seen you for ages. 

4. Sorry I forgot to call you.

5. Have you done your homework?

6. When are we going to meet for that work? 

7. That’s an accurate and balanced article. 

8. Schools are off tomorrow. 

9. I hate text messages. 

10. What are you up to?

1. I have to stay in to look after my brother. 1

2. We are going to see a film. That’s great. 

3. I am going out with my brother and my best friend tomorrow for a walk. 

4. Please come before it is too late. 

5. Why are you sad? 

6. I ate rice for lunch. 

7. We are late today. 

8. See you later. 

9. We are ready to go. 

10. This message is for you only. 

11. Do the homework. 

12. Are we going today?

Correct option is D) served

Are you happy with the result ?

Find and Replace is a feature that allows to quickly and efficiently find certain words or terms in the document and replace them with another word(s).

A thesaurus is a reference work that lists the synonyms and sometimes antonyms of words.

Answer is:

c) is

i. Ramesh did not accept the job offer without consulting his parents. 

ii. the memory is too vivid to be forgotten. 

iii. All we cared for was food and sleep. 

iv. Sameer asked Ramesh if he could help him with his homework. 

v. Besides a desktop, he bought a laptop. 

vi. He promised that he would do that the next day. 

vii. The bee is the most industrious of all creatures. 

viii. Will the message be delivered by her? 

ix. The bathroom is being checked by the bodyguards. 

x. My father shouted in anger that he was ashamed of my behaviour. 

xi. No nooks and corners were left unchecked. 

xii. Their dog is so friendly that it cannot be an effective guard dog.

Answer is:

d) need to

(i) c) asked him what he was 

(ii) d) replied that 

(iii) c) had heard that people who had

(i) d) is an important 

(ii) b) celebrated to mark 

(iii) a) leads the youngsters

The covering tissues, or dermal tissues, of the plants are the epidermis (that covers the leaves and the young stems and shoots) and the periderm (a tissue that substitutes the epidermis in stems, shoots and roots). The periderm is made of phelloderm, phellogen and suber (cork).

Phellogen, also known as cork cambium, is the meristematic plant tissue responsible for the formation of the periderm (the covering of the stem, shoots and roots). The inner side of the phellogen layer forms the phelloderm and its outer side forms the cork (suber). The suber secretes suberin, an impermeable substance that impregnates the tissue. 

The stem may be covered by epidermis (having stomata, cuticle and photosynthetic cells) as in monocots or, alternatively, the epidermis is substituted by the periderm (phelloderm, phellogen and cork) as in dicots and gymnosperms.

The leaves are covered by epidermis.

Water, mineral salts and sugar are transported throughout the plant through conductive vessels formed by specialized tissues. 

The main photosynthetic tissue is the photosynthetic parenchyma (also known as chlorenchyma, do not confuse with collenchyma) often located between the superior and the inferior epidermis of the leaves.

The plant-filling tissue is generically called parenchyma. The plant parenchyma can be divided into photosynthetic parenchyma, a tissue that has cells with many chloroplasts and a high photosynthesis rate found mainly in leaves, and storage parenchyma, specialized in the storage of water (e.g., in cactus), starch or air (e.g., in aquatic plants).

The growth tissues of the plants are the meristems. Meristems are the tissues that produce the plant growth giving birth to all other tissues; they are formed of undifferentiated cells having intense cell division rate. Meristems classify as primary meristems and as secondary meristems.

Primary meristems are found in the apex of the stem, in the lateral buds of the stem, in the basis and tips of the shoots and within the root cap. Primary meristems are responsible for the primary growth (lengthening) of the plant.

Secondary meristems are those that make the plant grow in thickness (secondary growth) and they are formed by tissues that thicken the stem: cambium and phellogen (cork cambium).

Correct option is B) is regarded

The main structures of the human eye are the cornea, the iris, the pupil, the ciliary muscles, the crystalline lens and the retina (the space between the crystalline lens and the retina within the eyeball is filled with vitreous humor).

The crystalline is a converging spherical lens. This natural lens has the function to project images of objects onto the retina.

Presbyopia is the visual impairment in which there is loss of the cililary muscle strength thus reducing the capability of the crystalline lens to adjust images of near objects onto the retina. In presbyopia the near point of vision becomes more distant. The disease generally occurs in old people.

Astigmatism is caused by irregular shape of the refractive structures, mainly the cornea. In astigmatism a single object-point may produce more than one image onto the retina and so the vision becomes distorted.

Myopia is the visual condition in which the images are formed before (in front of) the retina. Hypermetropia is the visual condition in which the point of image formation is beyond (behind) the retina. Actually myopia is due to an increase in the distance between the retina and the crystalline lens, mainly caused by a slight flattening of the eyeball. In hypermetropia the retina is too close to the crystalline lens due to slight shortening of the eyeball.

In myopia the near point and the far point of vision come closer (the refractivity of the crystalline lens that corresponds to the maximum distension capacity of the ciliary muscles is not enough to provide visual accommodation). In hypermetropia the ciliary muscles are not able to contract more to compensate the inadequate position of the retina, i.e., the near point becomes more distant.

Visual accommodation is the phenomenon of varying the curvature of the crystalline lens to make possible the variation of its refractivity to adjust the images of objects exactly onto the retina. The visual accommodation is accomplished by the action of the ciliary muscles.

The nitid vision depends on the visual accommodation since, if the images are not projected onto the retina but in front or behind it, they will appear blurred. The closer an object is more the ciliary muscles must compress the crystalline lens (increasing its curvature); the more distant an object is more the ciliary muscles must relax.

Vision is the ability of some living beings to perceive, to distinguish and to interpret luminous stimuli. 

Vision is important on earth mainly in the terrestrial and in the superficial aquatic habitats because our planet is intensely exposed to sunlight and thus light and colors become distinguishing factors of objects present in the environment, even at distance. This distinction provided new survival strategies for the organisms, new protection mechanisms against external dangers, new ways to find food and to communicate with other individuals, new types of courting and reproduction behaviors, etc. That is, it created new possibilities of interaction with the surrounds and increased capacity to explore new ecological niches.

The sensory receptors are classified according to the stimuli they get: mechanoreceptors are stimulated by pressure (e.g., touch or sound); chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli (olfactory, taste, pH, metabolite concentration, etc.); thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes; photoreceptors are stimulated by light; nocireceptors send pain information; proprioceptors are sensitive to the spatial position of muscles and joints (they generate information for the equilibrium of the body).

The spinal cord is the dorsal neural cord of vertebrates. It is the part of the central nervous system that continues in the trunk to facilitate the nervous integration of the whole body.

The spinal cord is made of groups of neurons situated in its central portion forming the gray matter and of axon fibers in its exterior portion forming the white matter. Neural bundles connect to both lateral sides of the spinal cord segments to form the dorsal and ventral spinal roots that join to form the spinal nerves. The dorsal spinal roots present a ganglion with neurons that receive sensory information; the ventral spinal roots contain motor fibers. Therefore the dorsal roots are sensory roots and the ventral roots are motor roots.

The neural regulation of breathing, blood pressure and other physiological parameters like heartbeat, digestive secretions, peristaltic movements and transpiration is performed by the medulla.

The medulla, together with the pons and the midbrain, is part of the brainstem.

In the brain conscious sensory information is received by the neurons situated in a special region called postcentral gyrus (or sensory gyrus). Gyri are the convolutions of the cerebrum. Each of the two postcentral gyri are located in one of the parietal lobes of the cerebrum. 

The voluntary motor activity (voluntary muscle movement) is commanded by neurons situated in the precentral gyrus (or motor gyrus). Each of the two precentral gyri are located in one of the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.

The names post- and pre-central refer to the fact that the motor and sensory gyri are spaced apart in each cerebral hemisphere by the sulcus centralis, a fissure that separates the parietal and frontal lobes.

The cerebellum is the main brain structure that coordinates the movement and the equilibrium of the body. For this reason it appears more developed in mammals that jump or fly (like bats). The cerebellum is also very important for the flight of birds. 

In the central nervous system the cerebellum is the main controller of the motor coordination and equilibrium of the body. (Do not confuse this with muscle command, performed by the cerebral hemispheres).

1. Identification of A & B 

• A – Cochlea 
• B – Semicircular canals 

2. Maintenance of balance of the body and posture.

1. The difference between A and B 

• A – non-myelinated neuron 
• B – Myelinated neuron

2. Impulse conduction is faster through myelinated neuron.

The medulla oblongata contains several centres which regulate heartbeat, respiration, gastric, secretion, vomiting etc.

It carries the nerve fibres which connect spinal cord and cerebrum.

Cochlear nerve, eardrum, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea

Ear drum → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlea → cochlear nerve

1. Blind spot: 

The spot at the back of the eye where the optic nerve originates is known as blind spot. Rods and canes are absent here. So the image falling at this spot cannot be carried to the brain. 

2. Yellow spot: 

Lateral to the blind spot is a depressed area called yellow spot which contains only canes. It is the area of sharpest vision.

1. A – Nissl’s granule 

2. B – Myelin sheath 

3. C – Node of Ranvier 

4. D – Synaptic knob

1. Medulla oblongata 

2. The medulla oblongata contains several centres which regulate heartbeat, respiration salivation, vomiting, etc. It carries the nerve fibers which connect the spinal cord and cerebrum.

1. Identification of above stages 

• I – Resting membrane potential 
• II – Action potential 

2. Na⁺,K⁺

(B) Zinc and lead are more reactive elements than copper

1. Myelin sheath: Myelin sheath act as insulator for axon and it increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction by saltatory conduction. 

2. Na⁺ and K⁺ 

3. It creates action potential when stimulated by allowing the inward movement of Na ions through the Na⁺ channel and outward movement of K⁺  through K⁺  channel.

1. Medulla oblongata 

2. Control heart beat, regulate respiration, control circulation, control digestion, control peristalsis etc.