Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is (d) Cubic

Cubic crystals are isotropic in nature.

The product obtained when benzoic acid is heated with ammonia is Benzamide.

Zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Phenyl isocyanide.

CH₃ – NH₂

Because methyl group is electron donating group which increases the electron density on nitrogen atom by +1 effect. This makes unshared electron pair easily available for protonation.

The decrease in V.P. of the solvent is explained on the basis of surface area of liquid from which evaporation occurs. When non-volatile solute is added a part of the solvent surface is occupied by solute particles which are non-volatile. Therefore, the evaporation of the solvent takes place from lesser surface area and hence V.P. of the solvent decreases.

Sulphuric acid is strong oxidizing agent HI formed during the reaction of KI with H₂SO₄ is oxidized to I₂ . Thus, alcohol does not react with HI.  

In primary amine, two hydrogen atoms are attached with nitrogen. Nitrogen is more electronegative element. So, there is formation of inter molecular hydrogen bonding.

But in tertiary amine, due to absence of hydrogen, no hydrogen and formation takes place. This is the reason that primary amine has higher b.p. 

The point of maximum distance at which the eye lens can form an image on the retina is called far point.

(1) Nature of material. 

(2) Wavelength of light used.

(1) Is there any water on the road ? 

(2) Why does fake water appear on the road? 

(3) Which phenomenon is involved in it? 

(4) What are the conditions required to form this type of illusion? 

(1) VSEPRT (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory) explained bond angles in molecules. 

(2) It was proposed by Sidgwick and Powell.

Uses of washing soda (Na₂CO₃. 10H₂O) : 

(1) Washing soda (sodium carbonate) is used in glass, soap and paper industries. 

(2) It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax. 

Uses of baking soda (NaHCO₃.10H₂O) : 

(1) Baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) is used for faster cooking. 

(2) Baking powder (a mixture of baking soda and a mild acid) is used in preparation of cakes.

Flux is a substance added to the ore to remove the gangue from it by reacting with the gangue.

(a) The given series is a homologous series. 

(b) The next compound is C₄H₉OH. 

Green colour flame.

K₂[Ni(CN)₄] - Potassium Tetra cyanonicilet. (III)

[COCl₂(NH₃)₄]Cl - Tetramine Dichoride cobalt (III) chloride

Salinity of ocean water refers to the amount of dissolved solids in the ocean water. Ocean water consists of various kinds of chemical elements and minerals. Of these constituents, sodium chloride is the most important constituent of ocean water. The other constituents or salts like magnesium chloride, magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate, potassium sulphate, etc.

Are also present in the ocean or sea water. The ocean water is saline by the rivers which bring huge amount of mineral salt dissolved in water. Another reason for salinity is the evaporation of sea water, by which mineral salt in the sea or ocean water increase every year. Salinity is measured in gram per kg of sea water and it is expressed as part per thousands for examples: 35% it means 35gram of salt in 1000 gram of sea water.

Factors affecting the salinity in the ocean water are: Evaporation, Precipitation, and Fresh water mixing with ocean water, ground water and glaciers increase the percentage of salt content in the ocean. The trade winds drive away saline water to less saline areas resulting the variation of salt content.

Latitudes, precipitation, mixing of fresh water etc. influence on the horizontal and vertical distribution of salinity. The regions near Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn record high salinity due to high temperature, more evaporation, low rainfall and extensive arid and semi-arid areas. While the equatorial region record low sanity because of high temperature and high rainfall. The polar region record least salinity due to very low temperature, evaporation and less rainfall.

A closed thermos flask containing hot coffee represents Isolated type of a system.

Winds blowing spirally outward from centers of high pressure are known as anti-cyclones. They are just the reverse of cyclones. Their movement is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and anti clockwise direction in Southern Hemisphere. They are more common in the sub¬tropical high pressure belts and absent in the equatorial belt. They are circular in shape, larger in size and extent and their track is highly variable. The weather is generally associated with anticyclones is find and dry.

The anticyclones are divided into two groups such as permanent and temporary anticyclones.

Permanent anti-cyclones are mainly centre in the temperate regions where the meeting of tropical and temperate air mass takes place. In between the two temperate cyclones there will be anti-cyclones. In the interior of continents the high pressure centers are developed during the winter season. It is due to lower amount of temperature.

On the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the earth’s surface, behavioral patterns of seismic waves of earthquakes and the lava erupted form volcanoes, it is generally held that the earth is composed of three layers or parts.

1. The crust: The outer or upper most layer of the earth is the crust. It is solid and is the thinnest and lightest part. It is 6to 60 kms thick. It has two layers.

a. Continental crust or sial: The upper part consist of sedimentary and granite rocks’ and forms the continents. Its major constituent elements are silica and aluminum. So, it is termed as sial. Its average thickness ranges between 10-12 km.

b. Oceanic crust or Sima: The lower part of other Crust is known as oceanic crust. Its thickness is around 5 km. This layer is rich in silica and Magnesium. Therefore, it is called Sima. The lower continuous layer is mostly composing of silica and magnesium and so it is termed as sima. The mean density of this layer is 2.95gm. Conrad discontinuity between Sial and Sima and Mohorovicic discontinuity between Crust and Mantle are the major discontinues in the crust.

2. The Mantle: The portion of the earth’s interior, lying beneath the crust and above the core is known as mantle. It is largely made up of basic silicates, rich in iron and magnesium. It extends from 60 to 2,900km. The density of this layer from 3.3 to 5.7gm. The mantle has two parts.

a. Upper Mantle: This is the outer layer of the Mantle known as Asthenosphre. Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes take birth due to disorder in this layer.

b. Lower Mantle: This is the lower layer of the Mantle known as Mesosphere and it is in solid form. Repetti discontinuity between Asthenosphere and Mesosphere and Gutenberg discontinuity between Mantle and Core are the major discontinues in the mantle

3. The core: The core is the central part of the earth’s interior. It extends from the lower boundary of the mantle to the centre of the earth for about 6,400 kms. The most important materials of core are nickel and ferrous (Nife). The core consists of two layers, namely.

a. Outer core: It is the outer layer of the Core consisting hard molten rocks. Most of the materials are in molten form. It extends from 2900km to 4980km.

b. Inner core: It is the lower layer of the Core with very high temperature and pressure. Most of the materials are in solid form therefore, it is called solid core. The average temperature of this layer is around 2900° C. Transition discontinuity is found between Outer. Core and Inner Core.

(c) Cotton textile and Petrochemical industry

On the basis of the physical and chemical properties of the earth’s surface, behavioral patterns of seismic waves of earthquakes and the lava erupted form volcanoes, it is generally held that the earth is composed of three layers or parts.

1. The crust: The outer or upper most layer of the earth is the crust. It is solid and is the thinnest and lightest part. It is 6to 60 kms thick. It has two layers.

a. Continental crust or sial: The upper part consist of sedimentary and granite rocks’ and forms the continents. Its major constituent elements are silica and aluminum. So, it is termed as sial. Its average thickness ranges between 10-12 km.

b. Oceanic crust or Sima: The lower part of other Crust is known as oceanic crust. Its thickness is around 5 km. This layer is rich in silica and Magnesium. Therefore, it is called Sima. The lower continuous layer is mostly composing of silica and magnesium and so it is termed as sima. The mean density of this layer is 2.95gm. Conrad discontinuity between Sial and Sima and Mohorovicic discontinuity between Crust and Mantle are the major discontinues in the crust.

2. The Mantle: The portion of the earth’s interior, lying beneath the crust and above the core is known as mantle. It is largely made up of basic silicates, rich in iron and magnesium. It extends from 60 to 2,900km. The density of this layer from 3.3 to 5.7gm. The mantle has two parts.

a. Upper Mantle: This is the outer layer of the Mantle known as Asthenosphre. Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes take birth due to disorder in this layer.

b. Lower Mantle: This is the lower layer of the Mantle known as Mesosphere and it is in solid form. Repetti discontinuity between Asthenosphere and Mesosphere and Gutenberg discontinuity between Mantle and Core are the major discontinues in the mantle

3. The core: The core is the central part of the earth’s interior. It extends from the lower boundary of the mantle to the centre of the earth for about 6,400 kms. The most important materials of core are nickel and ferrous (Nife). The core consists of two layers, namely.

a. Outer core: It is the outer layer of the Core consisting hard molten rocks. Most of the materials are in molten form. It extends from 2900km to 4980km.

b. Inner core: It is the lower layer of the Core with very high temperature and pressure. Most of the materials are in solid form therefore, it is called solid core. The average temperature of this layer is around 2900° C. Transition discontinuity is found between Outer. Core and Inner Core.

An example of horseshoe shaped coral islands in the neighborhood of India is Lakshadweep.

The natural agents which are responsible for the modeling and shaping of the Earth’s surface are called “Agents of Denudation”.

• River-Its activity is common in the drainage regions 
• Glaciers- Its activity is widespread in the polar and high mountain regions

One fathom is equal to 6 feets.