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Unsaturated hydrocarbons is converted into saturated hydrocarbons by an addition reaction in which hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel which breaks the double or triple bond to form saturated hydrocarbon. 

CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃ – CH₃

CN^-  is ambidentate ligand

Biological important of coordination compounds:

(i) A red blood corpuscles (RBC) is composed of heme group, which is Fe²⁺ – Porphyrin complex, it plays an important role in carrying oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.

(ii) Chlorophyll, a green pigment present in green plants and algae, is a coordination complex containing Mg²⁺ as central metal ion surrounded by a modified Porphyrin ligand called corrin ring. It plays an important role in photosynthesis, by which plants converts CO₂ and water into carbohydrates and oxygen.

(iii) Vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamine) is the only vitamin consist of metal ion. it is a coordination complex in which the central metal ion is CO⁺ surrounded by Porphyrin like ligand.

(iv) Many enzymes are known to be metal complexes, they regulate biological processes. For example, Carboxypeptidase is a protease enzyme that hydrolytic enzyme important in digestion, contains a zinc ion coordinated to the protein.

The rate at which the substance reacts depends on its Active mass.

Salol can be used as Artiseptic

Cryolite is an ore of  Aluminium

(a) Lower the melting point of alumina

Activated charcoal is used to remove colouring matter from pure substances. It works by Adsorption

At the bottom of the incline: 

Energy lost by the block as the spring slows it to a stop (the block's kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline) = Energy gained by the spring 

= (1/2)(100N/m)(1m)^2 = 50J 

As the block slides down the incline: 

Energy at the top = Energy at the bottom 

Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf 

Ui = Kf 

mgh = 50 J  where h is the height of the incline (the altitude) 

(√2kg)(9.81m/s²)(h) = 50J 

h = 50/(√2x9.81) m 

h = 50/13.87 m 

h = 3.6 m

The incline is a right triangle with height h (the altitude) and hypotenuse d (the plane length). 

sin45^o = h/d, 

then d = 5m.

Hence, the distance travelled by block before it comes to rest is 5m.

The aqueous solution of borax is Alkaline.

1. Boron 

2. To increase hardness of steel As semiconductor in electric devices 

3. 2B 

4. Diborane, Borax, Boric acid

The statement is False.

(a) (3) B, Al, Ga, TI, In 

(b) Bauxite

(c) Lewis base 

(d) allotropic forms

1. Diamond, Graphite 

2. CO (Carbon monoxide) 

3. Reducing agent in metallurgy Used in the manufacture of methanol 

4. Carbon dioxide is formed by the complete combustion of carbon. 

C + O₂ → CO₂ 

5. Diamond

(c) Lewis acid

1 - CO

2 - SiO₂ 

3 - SnCl₂ 

4 - CCl₄

CO – ii, 

N₂ – iii, 

O₃ – iv, 

Boron – i

1. Orthoboric acid is prepared by acidifying an aqueous solution of borax. 

Na₂B₄O₇ + 2HCl + 5H₂O → 2NaCl + 4B(OH)₃

2. Orthoboric acid is a weak nono basic acid. It acts as a Lewis acid by accepting electrons from a hydroxyl ion.

B(OH)₃ + 2HOH → [B(OH)₃]^- + H₃O⁺

Physisorption is exothermic in nature. Therefore, in accordance with Le-Chateliere’s principle, it decreases with an increase in temperature. This means that physisorption occurs more readily at a lower temperature.

1. B₂H₆ 

2. In diborane, four hydrogen atoms and two boron atoms are present in a single plane. These hydrogen atoms are called terminal atoms. The terminal B-H bonds are regular two centre-two electron bonds. The remaining two hydrogen atoms above and below this plane are called bridging hydrogen atoms. The two bridge bonds (BH-B) are three centre-two electron bonds

1. This is because carbon has greater nuclear charge. For second ionisation enthalpy, an electron is to be removed from 2p of carbon while in boron the second electron is in 2s orbital. Removal of a 2s electron is more difficult due to the high penetrating power of 2s orbital. 

2. Graphite contains hexagonal sheets of carbon held together by weak van der Waals’ forces and low density. In the moon, the different layers experience less weight due to less gravitational force and the density is still reduced. The lighter layers can easily slide over another to make graphite more lubricating on the moon than on earth

CO₂ exists as discrete molecules due to the formation of pπ -pπ double bond between carbon and oxygen. But SiO₂ has a three dimensional network structure in which each Si atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to four oxygen atoms.

1. The phenomenon of existence of an element in two or more forms, which have different physical properties but almost similar chemical properties, is called allotropy and the different forms are called allotropes.

2. Coke and Charcoal are amorphous forms of carbon. Coke is formed-by the destructive distillation of coal. It is used as a fuel and also as a reducing agent in metallurgy.

1. Zeolites are aluminosilicates with three dimensional network structure in which Al atoms replace few Si atoms. Cations such as Na⁺ , K⁺ or Ca²⁺ balance the negative charge of aluminosilicate anion.

2. ZSM-5 is a zeolite catalyst used in petrochemical industry to convert alcohols directly into gasoline.

[Hint : In dehydration of alcohols in formation of synthetic gasoline.]

For ultrafiltration, we need ultrafilter paper. ultrafilter papers are prepared by the impregnating it with a colloidal solution. In this way, the original pore size of filter paper gets reduced and colloidal particles can be retained whereas impurities pass through.

Correct option  (2)  Δ₀ value of (A) and (B) are calculated from the energies of violet and yellow light, respectively.

Explanation:

Δ₀ order will be compared by spectro chemical series not by energies of violet and yellow light Δ₀ order is [Cr(H₂O)₆Cl₃ < [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃