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According to Rault's law, for any solution the partial vapour pressure of each volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

When the solute is non-volatile and non-electrolyte, only the solvent moecules are present in vapour phase and contribute to vapour pressure. Let p₁ be the vapour pressure of the solvent x₁ be its mole fraction p₁⁰ be its vapour pressure in the pure state. Then according to raoult's law, P₁ ∝ x₁ and p₁ ∝ x₁p₁⁰

The catalytic reaction that depends upon the pore structure of the catalyst and the size of the reactant and product molecules is called shape selective catalysis.

C₃H₄ + 4O₂ \(\overset{Combustion}{\longrightarrow}\) 3CO₂ + 2H₂O

1 mole + 4 mole \(\longrightarrow\) 3 mole + 2 mole

on complete combustion of 1 mole of C₃H₄ gave 2 mole of water.

molecular weight of H₂O = 18g/mole

\(\therefore\) Number of gram H₂O produced = (2 x 18) g = 36 g

Hence, on complete combustion of 1 mole of C₃H₄ produced 36 g H₂O.

Option : C. Cu

In carbon family, carbon occur in the native state in form of coal, graphite, and diamond. Silicon, is the second most abundant element by weight in the earth's crust. Tin occur in form of tinnestone or cassiterite. The principal ore of lead is galena. Germanium occurs in traces.

 Electronic configuration of carbon family

1.The valence shell electronic configuration of these element is ns² np² . The inner core of the electronic configuration of elements in this group differs from other member of p-block. 

2. The electronic configuration of carbon is : 1s² 2s² 2p² .

Order of covalent radii of carbon family 

Atomic radii of these elements regularly increase as we move down the group primarily due to the addition of new energy shell at each succeeding elements.

Ionization enthalpy of carbon family 

The ionization enthalpy of carbon family is higher than corresponding elements of boron family due to increased nuclear charge.

Physical properties of carbon family

All the carbon family member are solids. Carbon and silicon are non metals, germanium is metalloid, whereas tin and lead are soft metals with low melting points. The M.P. and B.P. of carbon family are higher than those of corresponding elements of boron family.

Oxidation of carbon family

The carbon family elements have four electrons in outer most shell. All the elements show an oxidation state of +4. However, as we move down the group from C to Pb, the stability of +4 oxidation state decreases while that of +2 oxidation state increases due to inert pair effect.

Trend of covalent to ionic character down the group of carbon family

In carbon family covalent character decreases from top to bottom and ionic character increases, because non-metallic property of C and Si decreases and metallic property of tin and lead increases.

Raoult gave the quantitative relationship between the solutions, then the relationship is known as raoult's law which states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial pressure vapour pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

Thus, for components 1.

P₁ ∝ x₁

and P₁ = P₁⁰ x₁

Where P₁⁰ is the vapour pressure of pure component 1 at the same temperature.

Simply, for componant 2

P₂ = P₂⁰ x₂

where P₂⁰ represents the vapour pressure of the pure component.

Raoult's law in general form can be stated as, for any solution the partial vapour pressure of each volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

Option : (B) P = K_H.x

Solution which have only one volatile components, The vapour pressure of volatile component in a given solution can be written by -

P₁ = x₁\(P_1^0\)

If we compare the equations for Raoult's law and Henry's law, (P = K_H.x), only proportionality constant K_H differes from \(P_1^0\).

Thus,

Rault's law becomes a special case of Henry's law in which K_H becomes equal to \(P_1^0\).

All other options are wrong for Roult's law.

Option : (D) Isotropic in nature

Crystalline solids are anisotropic in Nature.

Option : (a) O

The stability of -2 oxidation state decreases down the group.

[Hint : It prevents spoilage of jams and pickles due to microbial growth. It is a food preservative.]

[Hint : Classification based on pharmacological effect.]

[Hint : The active site of receptor has speciflc shape and speciflc functional groups which can bind only speciflc messenger which fits in.]

Option : (C) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.

Nucleosides consist of a nitrogenous base and pentose sugar.

Ammonia: 

Because NH₂ group is directly attached directly to the benzene ring and the unshared electron pair on nitrogen atom in conjugated with benzene ring. Hence less available for protonation.

The compounds containing pentose sugar and nitrogen base are called nucleosides.

Option : C. 16 

Hormones are the biochemical messengers secreted by endocrine (ductless) glands. 

Insulin regulates the blood sugar level.

Option : C. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether

Option : A. Fe₃O₄

Option : D. Ethylmethyl ether

 CH₃CONH₂ \(\overset{Br_2/NaOH}{\longrightarrow}\) CH₃ - NH₂

Force of friction at point P, friction 

F_friction=1/3 Masinθ =1/3 Masin90^o

=Ma/3  [here θ=90^o] 

N, N-Dimethylethanamine.

Let position vector of point is \(\vec r\). 

The position vector of point (2, −3, 4) is \(\vec a\)= 2\(\hat i\)− 3\(\hat j\)+ 4\(\hat k\). 

And the position vector of point (3, 1, −2) is \(\vec b\)= 3\(\hat i\)+\(\hat j\) − 2\(\hat k\). 

Given that point R (x,y,z) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, −3, 4) and B(3, 1, −2) in the ratio 3 ∶ 2, externally. (By externally division formula)

Therefore, the position vector of point R is \(\vec r\)= \(\frac{3\vec b - 2\vec a}{3-2}\) 

= 3(3\(\hat i\)+\(\hat j\) − 2\(\hat k\)) − 2(2\(\hat i\)− 3\(\hat j\) + 4\(\hat k\))

= \(\hat i\)(̂9 − 4) + \(\hat j\)(3 + 6) + \(\hat k\)(−6 − 8) = 5\(\hat i\) + 9\(\hat j\)− 14\(\hat k\).

Hence, the position vector of point R is \(\vec r\) = 5\(\hat i\) + 9\(\hat j\) − 14\(\hat k\) .

Here the component of velocity of swimmer in AB direction is always V_mcosθ.

As the swimmer  crosses the river of breadth 20m in 10sec we can write

10* V_mcosθ.=20

=> V_mcosθ.=2........[1]

Again the net displacement along the stream is zero and  each 10m breadth is crossed by the swimmer in 5sec.

So we can write

(V_msinθ.-10)*5 +(V_msinθ.-20)*5=0

=> 2V_msinθ.= 30

=> V_msinθ.= 15.....[2]

Dividing [2] by [1] we get

=> tanθ= 15/2

=> θ.= tan^-1(15/2)

The ligand which contain from two or more donar sites simutaneously to form cyclic complaces. Example, ethane-1-2 diammine.

The correct answer is

Zero

a) Cl₂ + S^–2  → 2Cl^– + S

b) SiO₂ + 6HF → H₂[SiF₆] + 2H₂O

Monodentate ligands contain more than one coordinating atoms. Example, CN^-

The correct answer is

Cis-platin.

4 different combinations may be obtained with three resistors, each having the resistance R.

In saturated compound having single bond. 

P has the maximum number of valence electrons. 

• The transfer function of a system is the mathematical model expressing the differential equation that relates the output to input of the system. 

• The transfer function is the property of a system independent of magnitude and the nature of the input. 

• The transfer function includes the transfer functions of the individual elements. But at the same time, it does not provide any information regarding physical structure of the system. 

• The transfer functions of many physically different systems shall be identical.

• If the transfer function of the system is known, the output response can be studied for various types of inputs to understand the nature of the system.

• If the transfer function is unknown, it may be found out experimentally by applying known inputs to the device and studying the output of the system.

Sameer's action was voluntary because rushing out of the room was under his conscious control. The smoke and smell were perceived by the receptors in the sense organs and signals are sent to the brain. The brain, then sent signals to the effector organs, i.e., the muscles, to move out of the room.

(1) Diborane(B₆H₆). 

(2) a - 97° 

b - 120° 

(3) 1-H, 2-H, 3-B, 4-B, 5-H, 6-H

The oxidation of oils or fats in food resulting in a bad smell and bad taste is called rancidity.

It is a atom or group of atom or reactive part of compound which largely determine the chemical properties of compound

i) Methanol: Alcohol (-OH)

ii) Ethanoic acid: caboxylic acid (-COOH)

On heating phosphorous pentachloride, it decomposes into phosphorus trichloride and chlorine.

PCl₅ + Δ ⟶ PCl₃ + Cl₂