Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

First Generation (1940-1956)

Everything started with vacuum tubes. These were widely used in the first computer systems for circuitry, while magnetic drums were used for memory. 

As you’re most likely aware, these first computers were huge, and would quite often take up an entire room. Not only this, they were expensive to run, used a lot of electricity, and were limited to what they could do – they certainly couldn’t multitask, that was for sure.

In a sense, these machines were just giant calculators.

Second Generation (1956-1963)

Next, there was the introduction of transistors, which came in to replace vacuum tubes. The creation came about at Bell Labs in 1947, although they weren’t commonly used in computers until the late 1950s.

Not only were transistors smaller, but they were also cheaper to build, more energy-efficient, and worked at a faster speed. Their only downside was that they generated a lot of heat, which could cause damage to the computer. However, it was still a great improvement to its predecessor. 

Third Generation (1964-1971)

Third-generation computers were where we saw the introduction of integrated circuits (IC), which are still in use today. These reduced the size of the computer even more than the second generation and, again, sped things up. 

The first two generations relied on punch cards and printouts, whereas now, we finally start seeing keyboards and monitors that are interfaced with an operating system. Thanks to these advances and a central program to monitor memory, computer devices could now run multiple applications at once.

Fourth Generation (1971-2010)

In the fourth generation of computers, the invention of the microprocessor (commonly known as CPU) helped to get computers to the desk and, later, lap-size that we still know and use today. 

In 1981, we saw the first home computers, brought to us by IBM, and in 1984, the first Apple Macintosh was introduced. Over time these small computers became more powerful and, before long, the Internet was developed.

Not only do we have monitors and keyboards, at this time, but also mice and, eventually, handheld devices like cell phones.

Fifth Generation (Present Day)

Although we are still using technology from the fourth generation of information technology, we are now going into a new age: the fifth generation. 

The biggest thing to date is the introduction of artificial technology (AI) and features such as Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa. AI is constantly adapting and, moving forward, is expected to become more tailored towards individual business needs. 

(i) 0.436 has three significant figures (ii) 802.42 has five significant figures.

Nitric acid reacts with aluminium and forms a protective layer i.e. Al₂O₃. This protective layer make Al unreactive towards HNO₃ and can be stored in it.

[Co(NH₃)4(H₂O)(Cl)]Cl₂

Catalyst used in Ostwald process is Platinum. During ostwald process ammonia is converted to nitric acid in 2 stages. It is oxidized by heating with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum with 10% rhodium, platinum metal on fused silica wool, copper or nickel, to form nitric oxide (nitrogen(II) oxide) and water/steam.

A vanadium (V) oxide i.e (V₂O₅ ) catalyst is used in the contact process .

Correct option: (d) 120mm

Answer is (B) Ostwald's method

Answer is (A) sp³

Correct option: (a) Infinite baffle

Answer is (A) Roasting

Answer is (B) Helium

Correct option: (c) Outermost track

Answer is (A) Antacid

Correct option: (b) AC voltage

Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active.

(d) The short length and high strength of the bonds is due to pp - dp interaction

[Hint : High pressure]

[Hint : CMC and T_k.]

Correct option is B. Free nuclear endosperm

Correct option is B. 3,3,2 

3 in chalazar end 3 in the micropolar end and 2 nuclei in the center.

Hypo solution.
AgBr + 2Na₂S₂O₃ => Na₃[Ag(S₂O₃)₂] + NaBr

The arrangement of ligands in order of their increasing crystal field splitting field strength.

[Hint : D.P.                   D.M.                        Example
(a) Solid/liquid              Gas                        Smoke, dust, fog, cloud
(b) Solid                       Water                        Muddy water
(c) Liquid                     Liquid                           Milk, hair cream]

[Hint : Heterogeneous catalyst, activity and selectivity of catalysts. Example, Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in presence of Raney Ni or any other
example.]

Atoms of different elements having the same mass number but different atomic numbers are called isobars.

Noise pollution is measured in Decibels.

  mRNA formation takes place in Nucleus.

Indicator of water pollution is E. coli.

Correct answer is (c) 1/2

cos θ = √3/2

cos θ = cos 30°

θ = 30°

Now,

\(\frac{cosec^2\,\theta - sec^2\,\theta}{cosec^2\,\theta + sec^2\,\theta}\)

\(=\frac{cosec^2\,30^\circ - sec^2\,\theta}{cosec^2\,30^\circ + sec^2\,\theta}\)

\(=\frac{(2)^2 - \left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}{(2)^2 + \left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{4 - \frac{4}{3}}{4 + \frac{4}{3}}\)

\(=\cfrac{\frac{12 - 4}{3}}{\frac{12 + 4}{3}}\)

\(=\frac{8}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}\)

There are four types of friction: static, sliding, rolling, and fluid friction. Static, sliding, and rolling friction occur between solid surfaces. Static friction is strongest, followed by sliding friction, and then rolling friction, which is weakest. Fluid friction occurs in fluids, which are liquids or gases.

Correct option is (B) A-III, B –I, C-IV, D-II

A. Sulphate (>500 ppm) - Causes Laxative effect that leads to dehydration

B. Nitrate (>50 ppm) - Causes Methemoglobinemia, skin appears blue

C. Lead (> 50 ppb) – It damage kidney and RBC

D. Fluoride (>2 ppm) – It Causes Brown mottling of teeth

Metallic oxides are basic in nature because they react with dilute acids to form salt and water. They also react with water to form metal hydroxides which are alkaline in nature, as these metal hydroxides release OH- ions in solution.

Answer is (a) F₂

Answer is (b) Gum

Answer is (a) +1